JK 
1894 


DEMOCRATIC 


Campaign  Book, 


CONGRESSIONAL  ELECTION  !894. 


BY  AUTHORITY  OF  DEMOCRATIC  CONGRESSIONAL  COMMITTEE. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C: 

Habtmajj  &  Cadick,  Pbinteeb. 

1894. 


OS. 


What  the  Democratic  Congress  Did. 

It  repealed  the  Sherman  Silver  Law  which  required  the 
Government  to  purchase  au-juall}^  54,000,000  ounces  of  sil- 
ver and  pay  for  the  same  in  gold  obl'gations,  thereby  menac- 
ing the  credit  of  the  Government,  and  imperiling  the  sta- 
bilit}'  of  our  commercial,  manufacturing  and  financial 
interests. 

It  removed  from  the  statutes  the  federal  Election  Law,  the 
most  odious  and  undemocratic  measure  ever  enacted,  and 
thereby  restored  to  the  people  of  the  sovereign  States  full 
and  complete  control  over  their  elections,  free  from  the  in- 
tervention of  supervisors  and  deput}^  marsh'.  Is,  whose  sole 
duties,  under  Republican  supremac}',  had  een  to  intimi- 
date, arrest  and  imprison  electors  before  the}^  had  cast  their 
ballots. 

It  reduced  the  expenditures  of  the  Government  below 
these  of  the  last  Republican  administration  more  than  $28,= 
000,000,  thereby  relieving  the  people  from  the  pa3'ment 
of  that  immense  sum  into  the  Federal  Treasury  to  stimu- 
late extravagant  jobs. 

It  reformed  the  abuses  in  the  various  Departments,  and 
by  t'.e  aid  of  the  heads  of  the  :ame  dispensed  with  ^use- 
less positions,  thereby  reducing  the    salary  list  more   i 
$i,coo,ooo  annually. 

It  repealed  that  most  obnoxious,  ill-formed   and    cp] 

sive  measure  called  the  IMcKinley  Law,  and  substitute 

its   stead   a   measure    of    revenue    reform    that  will  re 

trade  and  restore  prosperit3\ 

3 

M111248 


4  DEM«>CR.AJIC   CAMP.AKtN   BOOK- 

It  de5tro\'ed  the  poli:}'  of  pa\'i.ig  out  f  the  public  furvds 
in  the  Treasury,  deiived  from  taxes  collected  ,  from  the 
people,  millions  of  doLars  annually  in  the  way  of  bounties 
to  aid  private  individuals  in  the  prosecution  of  their  private 
industries. 

It  provided  for  the  taxation,  by  States,  counties,  and 
municipalities  of  more  than  three  hundred  millions  of 
taxable  values  which  had  heretofore  not  onl}^  been  exempt 
from  taxation,  but  had  enabled  unscrupulous  persons,  by 
fraudulent  practices,  to  escape  from  their  just  share  of  the 
burdens  of  domestic  government. 


It  placed  upon  the  statute  books  the  most  drastic  meas- 
ure against  combinations,  trusts,  and  monopolies  engaged  in 
foreign  commerce  ever  enacted. 


It  provided  for  an  Income  Tax  upon  the  wealth  of  the 
country,  thereby  placing  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  rich  a 
due  share  of  the  burdens  of  orovernment. 


It  recognized  the  dignity  of  labor  b}^  providing  by  law  a 
National  Holiday  in  the  District  of  Columbia  upon  which 
the  working  people  may  c>  ase  from  toil  and  unite  in  a 
peaceful  celebration  of  their  achievements  and  triumphs. 


It  enacted  more  than  two  hundred  laws  for  the  benefit  of 
the  people  in  different  sections  of  the  countr3^ 


Cause  of  Panic  of  1893. 


The    Inevitable    Result    of  Four   Years    of  Republican 
Maladministration. 


REVENUES  FALL-EXPENDITURES  RISE. 


The  False  Cry  of  Fear  ol' Tariff  L.egislation  and  Democratic  Rule. 


The  strenuou.s  effort  made  by  protectionists  to  impress  upon  the  minds  of  the 
people  that  the  depression  of  last  year  was  caused  by  the  fear  that  the  tariff  would 
be  reformed  and  that  all  that  was  necessary  to  insure  a  speedy  return  of  good  timea 
was  to  cease  the  agitation  of  this  question,  in  the  light  of  the  history  of  the  last  few 
years  under  high  protection,  was  supremely  ridiculous. 

Could  it  be  possible  that  the  mere  accession  of  tlie  Democratic  party  to  power  in  all 
the  departments  of  the  Government,  upon  the  profession  of  principles  under  which 
the  civilized  people  of  every  country  of  the  world,  which  has  practised  them,  in- 
cluding ourselves,  had  accumulated  wealth  and  attained  a  higher  degree  of  prosper- 
ity, had  the  effect,  in  so  short  a  space  of  time,  to  convert  a  prosperous  people  into 
a  helpless  and  dependent  state?    Is  it  not  more  credible  that  the  great  disaster  which 
came  upon  us  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  false  system  of  economy  which,  with  all  our 
matchless  resources,  we  were  unable  to  longer  stand?    Will  not  future  genen   ' 
when  they  look  back  to  our  times  to  draw  lessons  of  wisdom  to  guide    hem 
direction  in  which  they  should  go,  rather  ascribe  our  reverses  to  our  fo'lies  i 
of  our  fears?     Are  the  advocates  of  a  restrictive  policy  ready  to  confess  tha 
withstanding  our  unpai-allel.-d  resources,  thirty  years  of  protection   had   iai    >    , 
estabUsh  our  Industrie- upon  a  foundation  sufficiently   firm   to   withstand  e^:..      ' 
proposition  looking  to  a  conservative  modification  of  its  structure? 

5 


n  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

If  ever  tlie  influence  and  operation  of  a  protective  tariflf  could  have  brought 
wealth  and  happiness  to  a  people,  or  measurably,  have  preserved  the  same  fiom  de- 
struction by  the  ingress  of  injurious  competition,  most  assuredly  the  lait  twenty 
should  have  been  years  of  uninterrupted  prosperity.  Have  they  been?  We  chal- 
lenge the  advocates  of  protection  to  point  to  a  period  of  like  duration  in  the 
history  of  this  or  any  other  country  during  which  there  has  b^en  so  many  depres- 
sions, such  serious  conflicts  between  employers  and  employees,  more  factories 
closed,  or  a  greater  number  of  commercial  failures  recorded.  From  187.3  to  1882,  in- 
clusive, the  number  of  failures  was  74,978,  with  liabilities  aggregating  $1,048,310,- 
517.  From  1883  to  1890  we  were  constantly  on  the  verge  of  a  financial  crash.  The 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was  continually  forced  to  purchase  bonds  and  prepay  in- 
terest to  check  the  alarm.  With  all  however  that  could  be  done,  we  had  the  strin 
gency  of  1883,  the  panics  of  1884  and  of  1890. 

The  number  of  failures  during  this  period,  including  the  years  1883  and  1890,  ex- 
ceeded 82,000,  with  liabilities  more  than  $1,250,000,000.  The  failures,  which  num- 
bered 6,738  in  1882,  arose  to  9,184  in  1883,  and  10,907  in  1890,  with  liabilities  ag- 
gregating $189,850,964.  Not  since  th?  tariff  revi -ion  of  1883  went  into  effect  has  the 
number  of  failures  fallen  below  9,000  in  a  single  year. 

During  this  period  the  conflicts  between  employers  and  employees  in^rea-ed 
until  riots  and  bloodshed  becam?  so  num?rous  as  to  excite  but  littl?  interest  except 
in  the  most  extreme  cases.  Daring  the  years  1883,  1884,  1885,  and  1886,  we  had 
2,977  strikes  in  17,271  establishments,  embracing  1,039,011  emploj-ees.  The  num- 
ber of  strikes  increased  from  471,  affjcting  129,591  e:nployees  in  1881,  to  1,411,  af- 
fecting 499,489  employees  in  1886.  During  the  vears  1882  to  18SG,  inclusive,  lock- 
outs occurred  in  2,214  establishm;'nts,  affecting  175,270  employees.  The  estimated 
wage  loss  to  employees  by  reason  of  strikes  an  I  lo:koits  during  these  six  years  ag- 
gregated $.59,972,440. 

In  1890  the  McKinley  law  went  into  op;u-ation  and  note  the  result: 

f,^*'  irUnd.T  the  operation  o[  this  act  the  number  of  failures  arose  from  10,907,  with 
»^^  liabilities  agj:regating  $189,856,964,  in  1890,  to  1^,273,  with  liabilities  aggregating 
v>$189,868,693  in  1891,  and  the  conflicts  between  employers  and  employees,  which 
liad  theretofore  culminated  only  in  combats  and  riot-,  became  battle.^  between  great 
fore  s  armed  with  rifle  and  cannon.  The  number  of  failures  in  1892  was  10,270, 
while  in  1893  it  reached  the  maximum  height,  15,560,  with  liabilities  ag'rregatin;:^ 
$462,000,000,  as  against  asset  ^  amounting  to  $262,000,000.  In  no  country  has  there 
been  such  a  disturb.'d  and  unsettled  condition  as  we  had.  We  reached  a  point 
when  idleness  became  so  commou  that  the  f^^ats  of  the  tramp  were  consicL'red 
laudable  avocations. 

Since  the  passage  of  the  aiew  tariff  act  trade  ha  •  become  active,  idle  factories 
are  starting  up  and  the  hopes  of  the  people  are  one  •  more  animated  by  the  beliJ 
that  a  long  period  of  solid  prosperity  is  in  store  for  them.  The  trouble  was  not  tliat 
tariff  legislation  was  threatened,  but  lather  that  it  was  not  an  accomplished  fact. 
The  long  delay  was  the  result  of  Republican  opposit.on  in  the  Sen  .te,  and  to  that 
party  should  be  charged  the  increasc-d  misery  and  suffering  which  resulted  fro  s 
tlij  same. 


l^. 


THE    PANIC    OF    18'.)3.  7 

The  Cause  of  the  Panic  of  1893. 

The  'omin^rcial  depression  and  inon3tary  crisis  wliich  swept  over  the  couiit*'y  in 
IS!).],  and  from  the  e.Tects  of  %vhic!i  we  have  but  partially  recovered,  has  bseu  per- 
sist^-ntly  chai-ged,  by  the  leaders  and  the  press  of  the  R-piiblii-an  party,  as  the 
result  o-  Democratic  success  at  the  last  eleL'tion,  and  the  fear  that  the  policies  es- 
poused by  that  party  would  hi  L-arried  into  e3ect  by  Congres.-ion  il  enactments.  It 
is  not  the  purpose  of  tliis  chapter  to  enter  into  any  labored  argument  to  prove  the 
absurdity  of  this  accusation,  but  simply  to  recall  the  facts  which  preceded  o  ir  re- 
verses and  leave  the  student  to  draw  his  own  conclusions.  Before  tmcing  the  com- 
mercial and  linancial  history  of  the  last  ten  yeirs,  which  cast  a  flood  of  light  on 
this  question,  it  is  in  ordoi-  to  remove  af  jw  fallacies  which  have  found  lodgment  in 
the  minds  of  a  great  many  sincere  persons. 

^Silver  .^louey. 

Not  a  few  believe  that  the  disaster  whicli  cama  upon  us  last  year  was  the 
result  of  the  limited  silver  policy  which  had  baen  pursued  sin^e  t'le  demon- 
etization of  the  white  meta'  in  1873.  On  the  1st  day  of  July,  1893,  we  had 
in  silver  coin,  §4:93,637  573,  and  in  Treasury  notes,  issued  in  paym3nt3  for 
purchases  of  silver  bullion,  under  the  Sherman  act  of  1890,  $140,855,611, 
making  a  total  circulation  of  $.337,543,187.  Thi^  is  by  far  the  lai-gest  volume 
of  silver  ever  in  use  as  a  pa-t  of  our  circulation.  We  have,  in  times  pa~t,  enjoyed 
the  greatest  prosperity,  with  a  much  less  supply,  and  it  cannot,  therefore,  be  said 
that  the  crash  of  last  year  was  the  result,  solely,  of  a  deficiency  in  the  volume  of 
silver  money.  "Whatever  influence  the  silver  question  had  upon  our  prosperity, 
and,  it  is  not  intended  to  here  claim  or  argue  that  it  did  nit  have  an  important  one, 
it  is  certainly  evident  that  it  was  not  solely  because  of  a  scant  supply  of  silver 
mon  -v.  » 

Ample  Currency. 

Again,  m:ny  were  firmly  of  the  opinion  that  the  result  wa=  ca  i«ed  by  an  insuffi- 
cient supply  of  money,  and  tliis  belief  was  st.engthened  by  the  fact  that  a  large 
amount  of  clearing-hoise  ceraficit  >s  and  other  substitutes  had  to  be  issued  to  tide 
o  er  the  stringency.  The  scarcity  o.  currency,  however,  was  the  result  and  not  the 
cau;5e,  as 'hese  certificates  were  soon  retired  by  the  return  to  circulation  of  the 
money,  which,  at  the  first  approach  of  the  storm,  had  souglit  safety  in  retirement. 
That  this  opinion  was  eri'oneous  is  fully  established  by  the  fact  that  on  the  30th 
dny  o  June,  1892,  we  had  a  to.al  circulation,  including  gold,  silver  an  1  paper 
money,  of  §1,753,953,744  ;  the  largest  per  capita  in  the  history  of  the  country. 

In  what  has  been  sail  as  to  the  quantity  of  silver  and  the  total  circulation  pe- 
capita,  it  has  not  been  the  purpose  to  arg  le  to  any  one  that  we  have  all  the  silver 
we  can  use,  or  tliat  the  volume  of  our  circulation  is  fully  adequate  to  the  require- 
in -nts  of  the  people.  These  are  questions  entirely  outside  of  the  purview  of  tliis 
(■'.lapter.  All  that  it  is  inten  lei  to  he  e  imoress  upon  the  m'nd  of  the  student  is, 
tliat  the  recent  panic  resulte  1  from  causes  (jther  than  simply  the  scarcity  of  silver 
nion.y,  or  an  insuffiuency  in  the  volume  of  our  circulation. 
KeaS  Cause. 

AVhat,  then,  was  the  primary  eau  e?  '.Vas  it  the  result  of  a  fear  upon  the  part 
of  t'le  people  that  the  Democi-atic  party  woul  I  carry  into  effect  the  policies  it  liad 
advoc:.ted?  Di  I  the  great  busines-  interests  of  the  country  becouie  ah}rmcd  at 
liie  '.'lecti  v.i  of  Mv  Cleveland,  in  1892? 


8  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Tlie  people  in  the  great  couinieicial  and  financial  centei.?  of  tlie  country  endorsetl 
him  in  such  a  decisive  manner  as  to  demonstrate,  beyond  controversy,  the  supreme 
contklence  they  had  in  the  wi.sdom  of  the  p  )licies  he  represented.  Even  if  this 
had  not  been  the  case,  if  the  Democratic  party  h?.d  succeeded  to  power  under  th.e 
leadership  of  an  untried  captain,  and  the  great  business  int«re.st3  of  th?coanry 
had  harbored  forebodings  as  to  the  future,  does  any  one  believe  that  a  collapse 
from  a  sound,  stable  and  healthy  prospe.ity  could,  for  that  reason,  have  c»me  upon 
the  country  so  suddenly  and  with  such  terrible  force. 

That  the  disaster  which  so  soon  followed  upon  the  atlvent  to  power  of  the  Dem- 
cratic  Administration  was  the  direct  result  of  the  preceding  four  years  of  R.^publi- 
can  rule  can  be  demonstrate  1  as  clearly  as  any  fact  in  governmental  affairs  can  be 
established. 

A  comparison  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  ^Ir.  Harrison's  with  Mr. 
Cleveland's  first  term  presents  many  :  triking  contrasts. 

Comparison  of  receipts  and  expenditure^,  exclusive  of  postal,  for  four  years  beginning 
June  30,  1885,  and  ending  June  30,  1893. 

CLEVELAND' .S. 


Years. 


Receipts. 


Exp-  uilitures 


Sni'plns 


1886 '  $336,439,727  i 

1887 371,403,277 

1888 '  379,266,074  : 

1889 1  387,050,058 

Total '■     81,474,159.132 

\ ^_ 

HARRISOX' 


$242,483,1.38 
315,835,428 
259,653,958 
281,996,615 


81,099.969,139 


?;93,956,5S!) 
55,567,849 
119,612,116 
105,053,443 


r4. 189. 997 


1890 

1801 

IftV     

8403,080,982 
392,612,448 
354.937,785 
385;  819, 628 

8297, 731),  484 
355,372,685 
345,023,331 

383,477,894 

$105,344,498 

37,239.763 

9,014,454 

1893 

2.341,734 

Total 

81.536,450,843 

$1,381,610,397 

8154.840,449 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  table  that  for  the  four  years  of  Mr.  Cleveland's 
administration,  the  total  receipts  were  862,291,711  less;  the  totd  expenditures, 
8281,641,258  less,  while  the  sui-plus  was  8219,349,548  more  than  during  Mr.  Harri- 
son's. Still  more  important  facts  may  be  noted  by  a  lurtlier  examination.  The 
revenues  increased  ev-ry  year  during  Mr.  Cleveland's  term,  beginning  with  8336,- 
439,723  in  1886,  and  ending  with  $387,050,058  in  1889,  while  the  reverse,  with  the 
exception  of  a  single  year,  is  true  of  Mr.  Harrison's.  During  the  latter's  term  the 
revenue  fell  from  $403,080,982  in  1890,  to  $354,937,785  in  1892,  and  $385,^19,626  in 
1893,  and  the  surplus  revenues  from  $105,344,496  in  1800,  to  $2,344,674  the  last 
year  of  his  term. 

It  is  an  unqu:?stioned  fact  that  an  increase  in  the  revenues  of  the  Government  is 
the  highe'^t  evidence  of  the  prosperity  of  its  people  while  a  diminution  of  the  same 
is  a  sure  indication  of  depression. 


THE   PAXIO    OF    i»'Jo.  y 

A  table  of  the  import:!  and  exports  of  gold  coin  aud  bullion  during  the  rospeotive 
terms  is  equally  significant. 

Siatcmeat  of  the  imports  and  exports  of  gold  coin  and  bullion  by  fiscal  years  from 
March  1,  1885,  to  March  1,  1889,  and  from  March  1,  1889,  to  March  1,  1893,  and 
from.  March  1,  1893.  to  June  :50,  1894. 

Fiscal  Years  Imports.  Experts. 


1885,  March  to  June 83.333,625  ,  §3,480,161 

1885-6 20.743,349  t  42,952,191 

188:3-7 42,910.601  9,701.187 

1887-8 43.934,317  '  18,376,234 

July,  18SS  to  .March.  IsS.i 7..3S6.1S7  |  20,808,768 

Tot.il 8118  308,079  S95.324,.541 


1889,  March  to  .June 32,898,671  |  530,143,507 

1889-90 .....        12,943,342  17,274,491 

1890-91 18,232,567  86,362,654 

1891-92 49,700,454  I  50,195,327 

July,  1802,  to  March,  1893,  ^       11.043,720  |  09,832,578 

Total :  8^>4,S1S.754  S252,803,557 


1893,  March  to  June :     $10,120,661  I       §42,235  575 

1893-94 : 72,453.066  j         77,038.729 

I\IiNT  Bureau,  July  10,  1S94. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  table  that  the  net  inoorts  of  gold  during  'Mr. 
Clevelaul's  administration  was  $22,788,538.  Only  during  two  of  the  years  of  hia 
term  did  the  exports  exceed  the  imports,  an:l  then  not  to  the  extent  of  the  domes- 
tic }:)roduction.  During  :\Ir.  Harrison's  administration  there  was  not  a  single  ye.ir 
that  the  exports  did  not  exceed  the  imports;  the  total  reaching  the  startling  sum 
of  $157,989,803.  During  the  last  three  months,  December,  January,  and  February, 
of  the  hitter's  term,  the  net  exports  were  over  $36,000,003,  being  at  the  rate  of  more 
than  $12,000,000  a  month,  or  $140, 000, 000a  year;  while  during  the  first  four  months  of 
Mr.  Cleveland's  present  term  it  was  but  a  little  over  $32,000,000,  and  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  only  $4,584,663.  The  whole  administration  of  Mr. 
Harrison,  with  the  exception  of  the  first  year,  which  was  in  some  respects  prosper- 
ous, as  a  result  of  the  great  impetus  given  to  it  by  the  four  preceding  years  of  sound 
economical  administration,  was  that  of  falling  revenues,  increasing  expenditures, 
and  a  heavy  flow  of  gold  from  the  country.  Any  of  these  was  calculated  to  excite 
apprehension  but  the  three  combined  were  sutficient  to  and  did  destroy  private 
confidence  as  well  as  the  public  credit. 

The  sound  financial  condition  of  the  Treasury  at  the  time  Mr.  Cleveland  deliv- 
ered his  great  trust  to  :\Ir.  Harris' ju,  enabled  the  latter  to  g  ide  smoothly  through 
the  first  year  of  his  administration,  but  when  he  returned  it  to  the  hands  from 
whence  he  received  it  there  was  nothing  but  an  imp.xired  credit  and  an  empty  purse . 

Is  it  not,  therefore,  appar  nt  that  the  great  dep-ession  of  last  year  was   bora, 


10  DEMOCRATIC   CAJIPAIGX   BOOK. 

gathere.1  its  stren  rth  au  1  stirtji  upo  i  its  coar.-i  of  devastation  and  riiii\  d  irinT: 
the  Republicin  administration  and  gained  su?h  a  velocity  that  Mr.  Carlisle  was  un- 
able to  at  one  stay  its  progress? 

False  Statemeut  or  Account. 

At  the  very  baginniug  of  Mr.  Hirrison's  administration  a  feeling  of  unrest  an  I 
insecurity  began  to  show  itsalf  in  finansial  centers  an:l  continued,  with  sUght  in- 
tervds,  to  the  end  of  his  term.  Diriag  th,^  year  1S90  the  financial  stringency 
became  s  >  grear,  that  Secretary  Windom  was  compelled  to  purchase  Government 
bonds  to  the  amount  of  $73,694,850,  for  which  he  paid  pre  niums  amounting  to 
§21.222,894.  Darinj  the  last  months  of  Mr.  Harrison's  administration  ali  sor  s  of 
rumors  were  in  circulation.  T  le  r^po-'t  was  current  that  an  issue  of  bonds  had 
been  contracted  by  Secretary  Foster  in  order  to  protect  the  gol  1  reserve  in  th_^ 
Treasury,  and,  but  f  )r  the  assistance  of  the  New  York  baikers,  such  a  transa.'tion 
certainly  would  have  been  necessary.  He  had,  in  fact,  given  orders  for  the  prepara. 
tions  >f  th  '  plan's  upon  which  the  bonds  wjre  to  b3  printed. 

It  was  only  by  a  change  in  the  form  of  the  statz^m^nts  and  a  judging  with  the 
funds  that  Secretary  Foster  was  able  to  shov  an  apparant  balance  at  th  •  end  of  liis 
term.  Under  the  provisions  of  an  act  pas:-ed  by  the  51st  Congress,  the  fund  in  the 
Treasury  for  the  redemption  o'.  t'le  national  bank  notes  was  made  an  asset  instead 
of  a  liability.  Tiie  surp'us'in  the  Treasury  was  in  this  way  inflated  by  the  tra  is- 
fe."  of  $54,207,975  from  one  side  of  the  ledger  to  tae  other.  Not  a  single  cent  was 
by  this  change  added  to  th3  assets  nor  a  single  penny  taken  from  the  liablities,  yet 
t!iere  was  an  apparent  increase  of  the  surplus  of  more  than  fiuy  millions  of  dollar^,. 

The  subsidiary  silver  coin,  being  a  legal  tender  for  sums  not  exceeding  five  dol- 
lars, had  been  considered,  prior  to  Mi".  Harrison's  administration,  as  unavailab'e 
for  the  payment  of  the  obligations  of  the  Tovernment,  and,  therefore,  had  not  been 
counted  as  an  available  asset.  This  was  likevvise  transferred  from  the  column  of 
unavailable  to  that  of  the  available  assets,  and  the  surplus  was  again  augmentei 
without  the  addition  of  a  far.hing.  H.id  this  system  of  stating  the  accounts  been 
in  use  at  tlie  end  of  Mr.  Cleveland's  term,  the  surplus  in  the  Treasury,  including 
the  reserve,  would  have  been  $183,827,190,  instead  of  §148,19  j,  158.  AVhatever, 
therefore,  of  these  two  funds  was  on  hand  at  the  end  of  Mr.  Harrison's  administni- 
tion  s.hould  have  been  deducted  from  the  surplus  as  stated  in  order  to  have  arrived 
at  the  true  balance.  The  amount  of  the  National  Bank  Redemption  Fund  on  hand 
March  1st,  1893,  was  $22,272,061,  and  of  fractional  silver,  $10,971,875,  theaggr  gr.te 
of  the  two  being  $33,243,936.  Deducting  these  sums  from  the  balance  s.at.^d  March 
1st,  1893,  to  wit :  $24,128,087,  an  I  f-ere  was  a  real  deficiency  of  $9,115,849. 

This  was  the  condition  when  Secretary  Carlisle  took  charge.  Tiie  surplus  had 
been  stjuandered  ;  our  gold  was  being  tran^poited  to  Europe  at  the  rate  of  $12,0  X),- 
000  a  m<nth  ;  the  expenditures  ha  I  been  increased  more  than  $60,0)0,000  a  year, 
while  the  revenues  had  fallen  ofT  $18,00  y,000,  and  yet  he  Wivs  expected,  and  R.^pub- 
liciuis  afiect  to  be  surprised  that  ho  w  is  not  able,  to  at  once  fully  restore  public  con- 
fi  ience  and  give  prosperity  and  financial  stability  to  every  industry  and  entn-prise 
throughout  the  country. 

Injuriou.s  lii£2]ie;icoN. 

What,  the  qae.sliou  m  :y  b  •  askeJ,  bron^dit  abont  this  collapse  daring  Mr.  Harri- 
son's administration  /  No  one  will  di.spate  the  fact  that  the  financial  disturbances 
in  South  AnK?rica,  which  resnlttvl  in  the  failure  of  the  great  banking  firm  of  Baring 


THE   PANIC   OF    1893.  II 

r.rothers,  liad  a  depressing  influence  upon  our  credit  and  our  commerce.  The  cap- 
italists of  Great  Gritain  have  for  many  years  been  large  holders  of  American^  stocks 
and  securities.  They  have  furnished  the  money  to  build  and  equip  our  railroads, 
to  develop  our  mines,  to  carry  forward  our  great  improvements,  and  hence  we  are 
and  have  been  largely  in  their  debt.  Having  large  investments  in  South  America 
Avhen  the  stress  in  the  Argentine  government  began  to  be  felt,  it  was  but  natural 
that  they  should  throw  upon  the  markets  our  stocks  and  securities,  which  were  the 
best  in  the  world,  and  that  our  people  who  were  interested  in  upholding  thei  •  values 
should  be  forced  to  become  heavy  purchasers.  No  doubt  the  effort  to  fill  this  sink 
first  started  the  large  exports  of  gold  to  Europe  in  1890.  The  efiects  of  this,  how- 
ever, would  have  been  but  temporary  had  it  not  been  for  the  harmful  and  extrava- 
gant legislation  of  the  Fifty -first  Congress,  which  so  closely  followed  it.  That 
Eepublican  Congress  assembled  with  a  determination  to  so  modify  our  revenue 
laws  as  that  no  surplus  should  remain  at  the  end  of  the  year  as  a  protest  against  a 
high  tariff". 

The  House  immediately  entered  upon  its  unbridled  course,  and  within  less  than 
four  months  Members  began  to  ask  of  each  other,  when  some  mmsure  requiring  an 
expenditure  was  under  consideration,  "  Where  is  the  money  to  come  from  ?  "  The 
McKinley  act,  which  increased  the  taxes  of  the  people  but  reduced  the  revenues  of 
the  Government,  was  rushed  through  under  cloture.  The  Sherman  law,  which 
stopped  the  coinage  of  silver  and  required  the  Government  to  purchase  4,500,000 
ounces  of  silver  bullion  each  month  and  to  pay  for  the  same  in  Treasury  notes 
redeemable  in  gold,  was  likewise  forced  through.  By  the  McKinley  act  the  burdens 
of  the  people  were  increased  while  the  receipts  of  the  Government  were  diminished, 
and  by  the  Sherman  law,  silver  was  reduced  to  the  level  of  a  commodity  and  the 
Government  forced  to  purchase  large  quantities  of  it  every  month  and  pay  f  >r  it 
with  gold  obligations. 

The  effect  of  these  two  measures  was  to  so  impair  the  credit  and  cripple  the  com- 
merce of  the  country  as  to  augment  instead  of  allay  the  fears  of  the  people.  Under 
theShermanlaw$156,00),000inTreasury  notes  were  issued  and  immediately  be- 
came a  charge  against  the  gold  reserve  in  the  Treasury.  This  constantly  and  rapidly 
increasing  menace,  with  a  pr  >mised  deficiency,  was  more  than  the  credit  of  the 
nation  could  stand,  and  hence  during  the  last  year  of  Mr.  Harrison's  administra- 
tion there  was  an  actu  1  d_^ficiency  of  $9,115,849,  while  the  bdanee  of  trade,  which, 
under  reasonable  conditions,  should  always  be  in  our  favor,  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal 
year,  was  $18,735,728  against  us.  The  Sherman  a^t,  in  compliance  with  the  Ohi- 
ca-o  platform,  was  repealed,  but  not  until  serious  damage  had  been  done  to  both 
public  and  private  credit.  The  repeal  of  this  measure,  while  it  may  not  have  had 
the  immediate  beneficial  effects  that  were  predicted,  was  cert vinly  an  important 
factor  in  allaying  the  fears  of  the  people  and  staying  the  course  of  the  panie.  The 
net  exports  of  gold  during  the  last  fiscal  yea  •  was  only  $4,585,60.3,  as  against  $86,- 
897,275  the  year  pi-evious. 

The  repeal  of  this  measure,  although  an  imperative  necessity,  left  the  country 
without  any  means  of  increasing  its  volume  of  money  e::cept  by  additions  to  its 
stock  of  gold  or  an  increase  of  national  bank  currency.  The  disturbed  conditi.jn  of 
affairs  has  made  it  impossible  for  the  Democratic  party  to  mature  a  satisfactory  plan 
for  the  reformation  of  our  financial  system,  but  after  the  settlement  of  other  qu  -s- 
tions,  now  pressing  for  solution,  this  great  desideratum  will  unquestionably  be  suc- 
cessfully accomplished. 


1^  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

IMPORTATION  OF  LABOR  BY  CONTRACT—A  REPUB- 
Lie  AN  MEASURE. 

The  subject  of  legislation  affecting  the  interests  of  the  laboring  classes  has  be- 
come an  important  matter. 

Our  wage-workers  are  in  a  great  measure  an  organized  class,  and  as  such  have 
become  a  most  potent  factor  in  educating  and  influencing  the  masses  upon  political 
questions.  All  parties,  therefore,  are  making  great  efforts  to  win  their  approbation 
and  support.  The  most  ardent  professions  for  their  interest  and  welfare  have  been 
and  will  be  expressed  in  platforms  and  proclaimed  upon  the  stump. 

This  class  of  our  citizens,  however,  have  long  since  realized  that  but  little  faith 
could  be  put  in  the  pledges  of  platforms  or  the  profession  of  politicians,  and  that 
the  only  sure  guide  to  the  principles  which  control  a  party  is  to  be  found  in  the 
record  which  it  has  made. 

The  members  of  the  Eepublican  party  are  boastful  in  their  professions  of  devo-. 
tion  to  the  interests  of  American  labor.  They  profess  to  be  its  special  protectors, 
and  without  their  guardianship  one  would  conclude,  from  their  pretensions,  that 
our  laboring  classes  would  long  since  have  been  reduced  to  a  condition  of  depend- 
ency and  servitude  more  deplorable  than  that  of  the  poorest-paid  labor  of  Europe. 

It  is  not  intended  at  this  time  to  do  little  more  than  call  attention  to  some  of  the 
legislation  w'hich  seriously  affected  the  welfare  of  our  laboring  classes,  so  that  they 
may  readily  fix  the  responsibility  for  their  enactment  or  non-enactment  where  it 
rightfully  should  be. 

In  1864,  Congress  pas.sed  an  act  substantially  entitled  an  ace  to  encourage  immi- 
gration. This  was  its  ostensible  purpose,  but  its  real  object  was  to  clothe  contrac- 
tors, mine  owners,  and  manufacturers  with  power  to  contract  with  and  impor* 
laborers  from  Europe  to  supplant  American  workmen,  and  to  reduce  the  price  of 
American  wages. 

Mr.  E.  B.  Washburn,  in  reporting  the  same  to  the  House,  said : 

The  vast  number  of  laboring  men,  estimated  at  nearly  ona  n;ill;on  and  a  quarter, 
who  have  left  their  peaceful  pursuits  and  patriotically  gone  forth  in  defence  of  our 
government  and  its  institutions,  has  created  a  vacuum  which  is  becoming  seriously 
felt  in  every  portion  of  the  country.  Xever  before  in  our  history  has  there  existed 
so  unprecedented  a  demand  for  labor  as  at  the  present  time.  This  demand  exists 
everywhere.  It  exists  in  the  agricultural  districts  of  the  northwest ;  in  the  centml 
States ;  in  New  England,  and  among  the  shipping  interests  of  the  lakes  and  the 
seaboard,  and  is  felt  in  every  field  of  mechanical  and  manufacturing  industry.  The 
dearth  of  laborers  is  severely  felt  in  the  coal  and  iron  mines  of  Peimsyivania  ;  in 
the  coal  mines  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois  ;  in  the  lead  mines  of  Galena;  and  in 
the  gold  and  silver  mines  of  California,  Nevada,  Idaho,  and  Colorado.  *  *  *  It 
is  believed  that  the  demand  for  laborers  on  our  railroads  al<jne  will  give  emploj'- 
ment  for  the  entire  immigration  of  laborers  in  1863. 

The  second  section  provides  that  contracts  may  be  mad,--  whereby  inmiigrants 
shall  pledge  the  Mages  of  their  labor  to  repay  the  expenses  of  their  inunigration, 
and  further  provides  for  the  enforcement  of  the  contracts,  and  that  it  shall  operate 
as  a  lien  upon  any  land  acquired  b}'  the  immigrant  wlien  recorded  in  the  county 
where  the  land  is  situated. 

So  drastic  were  the  provisions  of  this  measure  that  it  gave  to  the  importer  of 


I.AIPORTATION   OF    CONTRACT  LABOR.  13 

The  foct  th.it  th\i  statute  remained  i.i  Torca  nearly  t  veaty  years,  eighteen  after  the 
war  had  close  J,  and  tliat  every  effort  to  rep?al  it  in  ths  interest  of  American ''laboi 
was  th'.varted  is  sufficient  to  satisfy  the  most  skeptic  person'  that  it  was  fashionec 
and  framed  in  the  interest  of  the  contractor  and  manufacturer.  Efom  the  time  oi 
the  en.ictment  of  this  Riw  till  its  repeal  over  6.500,033  immigrants  came  to  oui 
shores.  How  many  of  these  hh  their  nativp  Ix.-.d  and  came  to  us  voluntarily  upon 
thn.-  own  resources  because  of  their  admiration  for  our  hi^^t'tutions,  and  how  many 
debased  and  vicious  oJiaracters  were  bro  ight  here  under  this  contract  system  can- 
ner  be  told.  Laborers  were  impo  ted  unde?  the  pr(;)visions  of  this  law  up  to  the 
time  of  its  repeal,  and  the  statutes  n  )w  in  force  prohibiting  the  same  are  still  being 
evaded  in  many  ways  by  the  men  who  cry  loudest  "  protection  to  American  labor!" 
The  Republican  party,  supreme  in  all  the  departments  of  the  Government,  was 
cognizant  of  the  fact,  that  while  honest  laborers  were  unable  to  secure  emplojinent, 
imp  i-tations  under  contract  were  constantly  being  made,  bat  no  step  Wixs  taken  to 
protect  them  from  this  competition. 

Dump  all  the  paupers  and  crimina's  of  Europe  and  all  the  ^longo'.ians  of  Asia  in 
here.  Wh.it  cared  the  operator  and  manufacturer  ?  Labor  was  made  more  dependent 
and  wages  cheaper.  This  was  the  policy  of  the  Republican  party.  Open  wide  the 
doors  for  the  importation  of  cheap  l.xbor,  but  close  them  tight  against  tlie  importa- 
tion of  ch  'ap  €lothi.ag  and  cheap  food.  Let  us  see  if  the  atteutii^n  of  the  R  'publi- 
c  >n  members  of  Congress  was  ever  ca'led  to  this  matter. 

On  the  13ch  o:  Decern  )er,  1839,  Senator  Wilson,  of  M  .ss.ich.isetts,  introla-jed  a 
bill  (S.  378)  to  regulate  the  importation  of  imm'grants  under  contract.  This  bill 
was  called  up  by  him  on  the  22d  of  April,  1870,  and  its  consideration  urged  ;  but 
S.-nator  Ferry,  of  M  chigm,  objecied  and  the  bill  was  referred  to  the  Com-.nittee  o  i 
Cjmmerce,  a  majo-'ity  of  whom  were  Republicans,  who  reported  against  its  pass- 
age. They  were  unwilling  t  >  cousi.ler  a  b'.U  to  even  regulate  the  subject  four  year.^ 
aft?r  the  war  was  o  er. 

On  the  5th  of  Februa  v,  1870,  Senat  r  Wilson  introduced  another  bill  (S.  5'.>:5) 
to  make  'he  impoitatioa  of  immigrauts  under  contract  unlawful.  He  m.ade 
several  eflfort-!  to  secure  consideration  of  che  same  without  reference  to  a  committee, 
but  objections  were  made,  and  on  December  12,  1870,  it  was  referred  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Education  and  Labor  and  was  never  heard  of  ag  un.  No  power  wm 
strong  enough  to  carry  a  bill  througli  .he  c  .in.nittee;  the  ears  of  Republicans  were 
deaf  to  all  appeals.  Tiiey  saw  American  aorkmen  out  of  employment,  wages 
going  down,  strikes  and  lock-outs  daily  occurring,  but  none  of  the.se  aroused  their 
attention.  I  remained  for  a  Democratic  House  of  Representatives  to  repeal  th  s 
odious  and  injurious  measure,  an  I  to  force  the  Republican  Senate  to  take  action 
befere  anything  could  be  accomplished.  On  the  Sth  of  January,  1884,  Mr.  Foran 
of  Ohio  introduced  a  bill  (H.  R.  2550)  to  prohibit  the  importation  of  foreign  labor 
under  contract.     This  bill  passed  the  House  on  the  19th  of  June,  1884. 

The  bill  was  sent  to  the  Senate  where  it  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Edu- 
cation and  Labor.  It  was  r(?port:^d  back  at  an  early  day,  and  repeated  but  fruitless 
eiil»rts  made  to  secure  consideration  of  it  until  in  February,  1885,  when  it  tl  laliy 
passed  that  body.  I-.et  every  iutelligeni  workingmen  in  the  country  examine  witli- 
out  prejudice  this  record  and  if  he  does  not  comj  to  the  couclusioa  that  tho.se  who 
upheld  this  law  for  tae  importation  of  contract  labor  for  so  many  years  were  not  his 
friends,  we  shall  doubt  his  ability  to  select  them. 


14  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGX    BOOK. 

laborers  not  only  a  li^n  upon  any  land  that  they  might  ent?r,  but  upon  the  wages 
they  might  earn. 

Senator  Sherman,  in  reporting  this  u^nsar^  to  the  Senate,  very  adroitly  tried  to 
conceal  its  real  purpose,  bat  inad>-3rt-\iDly  disolo^ jd  th3  sjoret  bafore  con^lading  his 
statement.    He  said: 

"The  special  wants  for  labor  in  this  country  at  tins  presant  time  are  very  greU. 
The  war  has  depleted  oar  workshops  and  materially  lessened  oar  supply  of  labor  m 
every  department  of  industry  and  mi^hanis  n.  Int'.iiir  noble  response  to  tli3  call 
of  their  country  our  workmen  in  every  branch  of  th3  useful  arts  have  left  vac  in - 
cies,  which  must  be  filled  or  the  material  interests  of  the  country  must  suffer.  The 
immense  amount  of  native  labo:-oj3upied by  the  war  calls  for  a  largj  inere.ise  of 
foieigu  immigration  to  make  up  the  deflaien^y  at  hooie.  Tiie  dsmaal  for  labor 
never  was  greater  than  at  present,  and  the  fields  of  usefulness  were  never  so  varied 
and  promising." 

It  was  true,  as  stated  by  Senator  Slier  luvn,  that  there  was  "a  noble  respon  se  tc 
the  call  of  their  country  "  by  the  workingmen,  but  while  absent  fighting  its  battle- 
their  vacant  places  should  not  have  be- n  filled  with  cheap  laborers  imported  from 
Europe  under  conti-act.  Paupers  unable  to  get  to  this  country  under  the  terms  and 
provisions  of  this  law  could  virtually  enslave  themselves  in  foreign  countries  to 
American  contractors  and  American  manufacturers,  and  the  contract  would  be  en- 
forced here  to  the  fullest  extent. 

The  second  secion  of  this  law  neads  as  follows:  • 

^e:.  2*.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  Thit  all  contracts  that  shall  be  made  by  emi- 
grants io  the  United  States  in  foreign  countries,  in  conformity  to  regulations  that 
may  be  established  by  th J  said  Com: nissioaer,  whereby  emig>-ants  shall  pledge  the 
wages  of  their  labor  for  a  term  not  exceeding  twelve  months,  to  repay  the  expenses 
of  tlieir  emigration,  shall  be  he'd  to  be  valid  in  law,  and  may  b3  e.iforjed  in  the 
courts  of  the  Unitid  States  or  of  the  several  States  and  TerritDri/s;  and  such  ad- 
V  mces.  if  so  stipulated  in  the  contract,  and  the  contract  be  recorded  in  the  record- 
er's office  in  the  county  where  the  emigrant  shall  settle,  shall  operate  as  a  lien  up?n 
any  laid  thereafter  acquired  by  the  emigrant,  whether  uuder  the  homestead  law 
when  the  title  is  consummated,  or  on  property  otherwise  acq  i-ired  until  liquidated 
by  the  emigrant;  bat  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  authorize  any 
c-)ntraot  conLravening  the  Constitutioa  of  the  United  States,  or  crea-an^:  in  any  way 
the  relation  of  slavery  or  servitude."     (U.  S.  Stats,  at  Large,  vol.  15,  lSfJ3-G5. ) 

The  extent  to  which  the  authors  of  this  measure  kncA^  they  wei'e  going  is  appar- 
ent from  the  last  lines  of  this  section — "but  nothing  herein  contained  shall  bj 
deemed  to  authorize  any  contra  t,  contravention  of  the  Constitution  of  th^  Unite  1 
States,  or  creating  in  any  way  the  relation  of  slavery  or  servitude." 

A  further  provision  of  this  law  exempted  the  immigrants  imported  under  on- 
tract  from  military  service.  The  American  woikman  might  be  taken  from  his 
place  in  the  shop  at  any  time,  but  the  imported  laborer  was  in  no  danger. 

When  we  ask  Republicans  why  they  took  advantage  of  the  absence  of  the  wage- 
workers  who  were  in  the  Army,  they  say  it  was  necessary.  Labor  was  scarce  and 
wages  were  high!  Will  they  answer  why,  when  the  war  was  over,  when  the  armies 
disbanded  and  tlie  men  returned  home  to  take  their  places,  this  law  was  not  re- 
pealed? AVill  they  inform  us  why,  when  a  half  million  or  more  of  men  were  dis- 
charged from  the  mills  or  factories  in  1873,  this  law  was  kept  upon  the  statute 
books?  Will  they  answer  why  during  th  it  long  period  of  depression,  when  hun- 
dreds o  thousand^  of  men  were  out  of  employment  and  seeking  work,  it  vva;i  neces 
sary  to  imp  irt  a-  was  done  under  this  law,  large  numbers  of  Earop^an  iabore  s? 


LABOR    LEGISLATION,  15 


LABOR  DAY  A  HOLIDAY. 

Made  One  by  a  Democratic  Congress  for  the  Benefit  ol 

the  Workers. 


Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  Slates  of  Amer- 
ica in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  first  Monday  of  vSeptember  in  each  j^ear,  being 
the  day  celebrated  and  known  ti5  Labor's  Holiday,  is  hereby  made  a  legal  public 
holiday,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  and  in  the  same  manner  as  Christmas,  th  first 
day  of  January,  the  twenty-second  day  of  February,  the  thirtieth  day  of  ]\Iay,  and 
the  fourth  day  of  July  are  now  made  by  law  public  holidays. 

Approved,  June  28,  1894. 


16  DBtMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


RESTRICTING  CHINESE  IMMIGRATION. 

All  Legislation   to   that   end   has   been   Secured  by  the 
Democratic  Party. 


Not  only  the  Pacific  coast,  but  our  entire  country  is  vitally  interested  in  the  sub- 
ject of  Chinese  immigration,  and  the  most  casual  examination  of  the  Congressional 
Record  will  show  that  our  toilers  owe  all  the  beneficial  legislation  th^t  has  been  had 
upon  this  subject  to  the  Democratic  party,  and  while  many  Repuljlican  converts 
have  been  made  of  late  years,  their  change  of  he.^.rt  is  due  to  the  persistent  wort 
accomplished  under  Democratic  leadership. 

The  efforts  to  restrict  Chinese  immigi-ation  as  far  as  Congre-s  is  concerned  began 
December  0,  1869.  Upon  that  date  Senator  Williams  of  C)regon  introduced  a  bill  to 
regukite  immigration  and  to  prevent  importation  of  coolie  labor.  This  bill  was  in- 
definitely postponed  upon  motion  of  Senator  Zach.  Chandler,  a  Republican. 

In  January,  1S70,  Representative  Johnson  (California)  introduced  a  joint  resolu- 
tion to  restrict  this  immigration,  but  the  Republican  coip.mittee  refu.sed  to  re- 
port it. 

On  Jime  6, 1870,  Senator  Stewart  of  Xeva  .a  introduced  a  bill  to  prohibit  ontracts 
for  servile  labor.     Also  defeatt- d. 

On  June  7,  Representative  Sargent  (Cal.fornia)  introduced  a  similar  bill  in  the 
House.     Xo  report  was  made. 

On  July  7,  1870,  Representative  Mungen  (Ohio)  introduced  a  resolution  for  the 
protection  of  American  labor  against  Chine.se.    This  was  killed  in  committee. 

On  July  9,  1870,  Representative  Cake  (Pennsylvania)  introduced  a  resolution 
against  the  importation  of  Chinese  coolies  and  directing-  an  investigation.  This  bill 
also  failed  in  committee. 

On  D'.'cember  18,  1871,  Repre^ntative  Coughlan  (California)  introduced  a  bill  to 
Ijrohibit  contracts  for  servile  labor,  which  was  referred  to  the  Judiciary  Committee. 
This  committee  was  discharged  from  further  consideration  and  the  bill  referred  to 
another  c  immittee,  which  reported  a  substitute  never  considered. 

On  April  30,  1872,  Senator  Casserly  (California)  introduced  a  bill  to  prohibit  con- 
tracts for  servile  labor,  which  also  died  in  committee. 

In  1879,  Mr.  "Willis,  our  present  Minister  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  reported  to  the 
House  a  restriction  bill.  He  took  strong  grounds  against  Chinese  i;nmigration.  He 
concluded  his  statement  in  these  words :  "No  self-governing  country  can  afford  to 
diminish  or  de.«troy  the  dignity,  welfare  and  independence  of  its  citizens.  Justic 
to  the  people  of  the  Pacific  coa.st,  the  dictates  of  common  humanity  and  benevo- 
lenve,  as  well  as  tlie  plainest  suggestions  of  practical  statesmanship,  all  demand  that 
the  problem  of  Chinese  immigration  shall  be  solved  while  it  is  yet  within  the  legis- 
lative control.  Governed  by  these  views,  your  committee  present  and  recommend 
the  passage  of  the  bill  accompanying  this  report." 


CHINESE    IMMIGRATION.  17 

"When  this  measure  was  adopted,  Mr.  Garfield  (afterwards  President)  proposed 
an  amendment  to  prevent  the  bill  from  going  into  effect  until  the  Chinese  Empire 
was  apprised  of  the  termination  of  the  then  treaty.  The  amendment  being  de- 
clared out  of  order,  the  bill  w'as  ordered  to  engrossment  and  a  third  re.uling.  On 
its  passage  under  a  call  from  the  yeas  and  nays,  Mr.  Garfield  failed  to  vote,  and  the 
measure  was  passed  by  155  yeas  to  72  nays.  (Record,  Forty-fifth  Congress,  tiiird 
session,  p.  801.)  Of  the  aflirmative  votes  104  were  Democratic  and  51  Kepublican. 
Those  voting  in  the  negative  were  56  Eepublicans  and  16  Democrats. 

The  Senate  considered  and  passed  the  bill  on  the  15th  of  February.  In  that 
body  22  Democmts  and  19  Republicans  and  1  Independent  voted  in  the  affirmative, 
and  20  Eepublicans  and  8  Democrats  in  the  negative. 

The  Senate  made  certain  amendments,  and  when  the  bill  was  reported  back  to  the 
House,  Mr.  "Willis  moved  that  the  bill  be  taken  up  and  that  the  House  concur  in 
the  Senate  amendments. 

^Ir.  Garfield  called  for  separate  votes  on  each  amendment.  The  motion  was  made 
to  lay  the  bill  and  amendments  on  the  table.  This  vote  was  lost  by  95  yeas  to  140 
nays,  3Ir.  Garfield  voting  yea. 

The  measure  was  vetoed  by  President  Hayes,  and  failed  to  pass  over  the  veto — 
the  House  vote  being,  j'eas,  110,  nays,  96.  As  prominent  a  Republican  as  Geneml 
Garfie'.d  lead  the  negatives.      ( Record,  Forty-fifth  Congress,  third  session,  p.  2277. ) 

Of  the  110  members  who  voted  to  pass  the  measure  over  the  veto  were  88  Demo- 
crats and  22  Republicans.  Tlie  negative  vote  was  composed  thus  :  Republicans  81, 
Democrats  15. 

In  September,  1880,  a  new  treaty  was  negotiated  by  which  the  United  States 
were  given  the  right  to  i-estrict  immigration,  and  in  1882  a  bill  supending  immi- 
gration of  Chinese  laborers  for  the  p.'riod  of  twenty  years  passed  the  House  by  a 
vote  of  167  to  66.  This  vote  was  divided  as  follows  :  Yeas,  Democrats  98  ;  Green- 
backers  8  ;  Republicans  61.  Nays,  Republicans  62  ;  Democrats  4  ;  total,  68.  In 
the  Senate :  Yeas,  Democr.^ts  31 ;  Republicans  6  ;  total,  37.  Nays,  Democrats 
none  ;  Republicans  28  ;  Independent  1  ;  total,  29.  This  bill  was  vetoed  by  a  Re- 
publican President,  and  upon  the  question  of  passing  it  over  his  veto  the  Senators 
voted  just  as  they  did  upon  the  original  question.     This,  of  course,  defeated  it. 

Thereupon  a  new  bill  in  which  the  term  of  exclusion  was  limited  to  ten  years 
and  which  was  really  the  first  positive  exclusion  act,  was  passed.  Upon  this 
measure  the  vote  in  the  House  was,  yeas  :  Democrats,  103 ;  Republicans,  91  ; 
Greenbackers,  7  ;  total,  201.     Nays :  Republicans,  34  ;  Democrats,  3  ;  total,  37. 

In  the  Senate,  yeas :  Democrats,  31  ;  Republicans,  9  ;  total.  40.  Nays  :  Repub- 
licans, 24  ;  Democrats,  none ;  Independent,  1  ;  total,  25. 

This  measure  is  known  as  tjae  act  of  May  6,  1882. 

Afterwards  the  Federal  judges  in  California  held  that  Chinamen  who  were  sub- 
jects of  countries  other  than  China  were  not  within  the  restrictions  of  this  law,  and 
thereupon  another  act  of  July  5,  1884,  was  passed,  for  the  purpose  of  remedying 
the  defect.  The  vote  upon  the  act  of  1884  in  the  House  was  as  follows :  Yeas,  184  ; 
nays,  13.     The  nays  were  all  Republican. 

Tiie  bill  was  reported  favorably  by  the  Committee  of  Foreign  Affairs  of  the 
House  by  a  strict  party  vote,  and  the  record  show  that  every  voice  raised  against 
it,  as  well  as  every  vote,  was  Republican.  Its  fate  in  the  Senate  was  exceedingly 
dubious  until  the  pressure  of  campaign  necessities  forci*d  it  through. 

When  the  act  of  1884  was  under  consideration,  ex-President  Harrison,  who  wag 


18  DEMOCRATIC  CAMPAIGN  BOOK. 

then  a  member  of  the  Senate,  failed  to  record  himself,  but  he  voted  against  the 
act  of  1S82  and  also  voted  to  strike  out  the  section  which  prohibited  naturalization 
of  the  Chinese.     (See  record  of  t  le  S.mate  of  April  2S:h,  1882.) 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  thre^  Republ  can  Presidents,  viz  :  Hayes,  Garfield,  and 
Harrison,  did  not  sympathize  with  the  efforts  made  by  the  Democratic  party  to 
exclude  Chinese  cooie  competition,  and  the  same  was  true  of  President  Arthur. 

The  following  declaration  of  two  very  eminent  Republicans  tend  clearly  in  the 
same  direction. 

Senator  Oliver  P.  IMorton,  who  investigated  the  Chinese  question  by  pereona 
inspection  in  California,  presented  a  report  to  the  body  of  which  he  was  a  mem- 
ber, entitled  :  Senate  Mi  ■.  Doc.  No.  20,  2d  session,  44th  Congress.  Among  other 
things  he  said  :  "  But  before  entering  upon  the  discussion  of  any  other  i^rinciple,  I 
may  be  permitted  to  observe  that  in  my  judgment  the  Chinese  cannot  be  pro- 
tected in  the  PacifiL'  States  while  remaining  in  their  alien  condition.  Without 
representation  in  the  legislature  or  Congress,  without  a  voice  in  the  selection  of 
officers,  and  surrounded  by  fierce,  and  in  many  respects,  unscrupulous  enemies, 
the  law  will  be  found  insufficient  to  screen  tliem  from  persecution.  Complete  pro- 
tection can  be  given  them  only  by  allowing  them  to  become  citizens  and  acquire 
the  right  of  sufirage,  when  their  votes  would  b.-come  important  iti  elections  and 
their  per-ecuiions  in  gi-eat  part  converted  into  kindlv  solicitation." 

Senator  Hoar  of  Massachusetts,  in  a  speech  delivered  in  the  Senate  ^larch  1, 
1882,  ceclared  that  the  Chinamen  who  obey  the  law  was  entitled  "  to  go  every 
where  on  t'e  surface  of  the  earth  that  his  welfare  may  require."  He  further  as- 
serted that  "this  privilege  is  beyond  the  rightful  control  of  government."  His 
Demo  rati  J  colleagues  ably  and  completely  refuted  this  argum?nt. 

The  following  views  of  the  leading  San  Francisco  Republican  papers  further  illus- 
trate this  position  : 

{San  Francisco  Call,  April  10,  1882.) 

^T  twi;hstan.hng  that  most  of  the  Republican  Senators,  except  those  who  repre- 
sent '.he  States  of  the  Pacific,  opposed  the  passage  of  the  anti-Chinese  bill,  which 
President  Arthur  vetoed,  there  is  a  studied  efibrt  to  deceive  our  people  by  saying 
that  Democratic  Congressmen  are  trying  to  defeat  the  passage  of  another  anti-Chi- 
nese bill.  ^Ve  have  reason  to  believe  there  is  not  a  word  of  truth  in  it,  for  did  not 
nearly  all  the  Democratic  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  do  their  utmost 
to  pass  the  bill  which  the  President,  instigited  by  his  stalwart  friends,  vetoed? 

[Snt  Francisco  CaU,  April  o,  18S2. ) 

Ti'.e  recent  exercise  of  the  veto  power  by  Presidetit  Arthur  in  reference  to  the 
Chinese  bill,  is,  perhaps,  the  m  >st  arbitrary  act  an  American  President  has  ever 
performed.  The  message  is  worse  for  the  President  and  his  party  than  if  he  had 
based  it  on  an  excessive  term  of  prohibition.  It  is  a  flat  contradiction  of  the  plat- 
form on  which  he  was  elected,  and  raises  the  question  whether  the  anti-Chinese 
plank  in  the  Republican  platform  was  not  a  deliberate  deceit  practiced  on  the  peo- 
ple of  this  Coast. 

{San  Francisco  BaUetin,April  3,  1882.) 

The  opposition  exhibited  to  the  Chinese  by  thesj  facts  has  been  extending  in- 
stead of  decreasing.     It  is,  in  sh.)rt,  the  development  of  a  great  labor  question, 


CHINESE   IMAUaRATION.  19 

which  no  public  man  can  face  and  continue  in  or  enter  public  life.  It  has  ahvady 
been  formulated  as  pro  tection  to  American  labor,  which  is  just  as  necessary  as  pro- 
tection to  American  manufactures. 

[San  Francisco  BuUedn,  March  .30,  18S2.) 

This  state  is  to  be  saved  by  wise  limits  to  Chinese  immigration  or  it  is  to  be  hope- 
lessly cursed  by  immigration  which  is  irredeemable  and  outside  of  all  future  im- 
provement. The  journals  and  the  politicians  who  prefer  the  latter  alternative  are 
not  the  friends  of  this  country,  and  no  argument  of  th.nr  assumed  philanthropy 
can  make  them  such.  The  forces  and  the  influences  which  are  at  work  to-day  in 
favor  of  unrestricted  Chinese  immigration  are  hostile  to  the  Pacific  Coast  and  to  the 
best  interests  of  the  whole  country.  He  who  is  not  with  us  is  against  us.  Hostility 
to  the  proposed  measure  is  hostility  to  the  prosperity  of  the  Pacific  .States, 

{San  Francisco  Call,  Fcbruarif  9,  1882.) 
We  fear  that  it  is  not  quite  so  certain  that  a  bill  restricting  Chinese  immigi-ation 
will  be  passed  during  the  present  session  of  Congress,  a?  some  of  our  contempo- 
raries seem  to  anticipate.  Certain  it  is  t'lat  Republicans  alone  cannot  pass  it,  for 
they  have  not  a  majority  in  both  houses  of  Congress,  and  it  is  also  known  that 
souie  Republicans  will  oppose  any  and  all  bills.  No  bill  can  possibly  pass  Congress 
unless  it  be  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  Democratic  members  of  the  Senate  and 
the  House  of  Representatives.  Of  this  our  citizens  may  be  assured;  but  as  the 
Democratic  party  is  proverbially  the  friend  of  labor,  there  cannot  be  any  doubt  that 
they  will  favor  the  passage  of  such  a  bill  as  will  relieve  this  coast  of  its  present 
troubles. 

{San  Francisco  Balhiin,  April  29,  1882.) 

The  bill  for  the  exclusion  of  the  Chinese  passed  the  Senate  yesterday  by  a  vota 
of  32  to  1.5 — 22  Democrats,  9  Republicans,  and  David  Davis,  president  pro  tern., 
voting  for  it.  All  the  Democratic  Senators  f  i-om  the  West  and  those  from  the  South 
voted  for  the  bid.  Ingalls,  of  Kansas,  was  inclined  to  assist  us,  but  the  missionary 
sniveling  was  probably  too  much  for  him,  and  he  voted  against  the  bill.  Of  the 
I.)  votes  in  the  negative  11  were  furnished  by  New  England — ^all  its  Senators  but 
on  \  This  indicates  that  the  area  of  Chinamania  is  confined  principally  to  that  sec- 
tion, with  a  queer  extension  in  the  direc, ion  of  Georgia.  This  area  is  also  that 
which  is  devoted  to  the  manufactui-e  of  cottons  for  the  Chinese  trades.  The  oLher 
four  negatives  were: 

Harrison,  of  Indiana; 

Ingalls,  of  Kansas; 

Lapham,  of  New  York; 

Sherman,  of  Ohio. 
The  bill  which  went  through  the  Senate,  was  passed  by  the  House  by  the  enor- 
mous vote  of  201  to  37,  6  more  than  two-third-  of  the  whole  body.  Of  the  201,  107 
were  Democrats  and  94  Republicans.  We  will  have  the  law  on  our  side  to  stop  the 
yellow  tide,  and  the  people  of  California  will  see  that  the  law  is  executed.  No 
technicalities,  evasions,  or  loop-holes  will  be  tolerated  on  this  coast. 

{San  Francisco  Bulletin,  March  10,  1882.) 
The  bill  suspending  Chinese  immigration  passed  the  Senate  yesterday.     *     •"    * 
The  great  body  of  the  negatives  were  Republicans.     It  is  proper  to  state  that  two 
of  them — Edmunds  and  Ingalls — would  have  voted  for  the  bill  if  the  term  of  suspen- 


20  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

gion  had  been  reduced  to  ten  years.  The  only  real  Democratic  vote  in  the  negative — 
for  Davis,  of  Illinois,  is  an  unknown  political  quantity— was  Brown,  of  Georgia. 
*  *  *  It  is  quite  apparent  from  the  above  vote  that  if  the  Republicans  in  the 
House  cannot  be  rallied  to  the  support  of  the  measure  more  generally  than  in  the 
higher  chamber,  there  is  some  danger  of  the  failure  of  the  bill.  Only  a  fifth  of  the 
Republican  Senators  voted  against  it.  If  thes^  proportions  are  maintained  in  the 
House,  the  shave  by  which  the  bill  is  likely  to  pass  will  be  very  slight,  unless,  in- 
deed, broader  \'iews  are  more  generally  accepted  there. 

{San  Francisco  Call,  March  10,  1882. ) 

The  anti-Chinese  bill  has  passed  the  Senate  by  a  majority  of  nearly  two  to  one  of 
the  Senators  voting — 29  to  15.  It  is  a  matter  for  congratulation  that  but  fifteen 
Senators  were  willing  to  place  t'lemselves  on  recorl  in  opposition  to  the  right  of 
government  to  regulate  immigration.  The  position  t  iken  by  the  opponents  of  the 
bill  would  have  required  us  to  sit  quietly  d.jwn  and  let  foreign  hordes  crowd  into 
our  country  without  regard  to  their  fitness  to  share  with  us  the  responsibilities  of 
government. 

On  ]March  IGth,  1888,  President  Cleveland  sent  to  the  Senate  for  consideration  a 
treaty  by  the  terms  of  which  Chinese  laborers  were  t  j  be  excluded  for  a  term  of 
twenty  years.  The  Senate  male  two  amendments  of  an  immaterial  character,  but 
the  Chinese  Government  refused  to  ratify  the  treaty  as  amended.  Thereupon  the 
act  of  October  1,  1888,  was  passed.  Tiiis  statute  was  kn  )wn  as  the  Scott  exclusion 
act,  and  excluded  all  Chinese  laborers  not  then  in  the  I'nited  States.  Mr.  Cleve- 
land, in  approving  this  statute,  sent  a  very  clear  and  succinct  statement  to  Congress 
demonstrating  that  the  cause  of  the  conduct  of  the  Chinese  government  in  refusing 
to  act  upon  the  treaty  submitted  it  was  neces  ary  to  affirmatively  legislate  to  the 
end  that  this  country  might  be  protected  from  Mongolian  competition.  Mr.  Cleve- 
land thus  demonstrated  that  he  cordially  sympathized  with  the  efforts  of  the  people 
of  the  Pacific  coast  to  protect  themselves  from  the  threatened  danger.  The  act  of 
1888  was  essentially  a  Democratic  measure. 

On  May  5,  1892,  the  Geary  law  was  approved.  Tiiis  also  proceeded  from  a  Dem- 
ocratic source  and  was  pushed  by  Democratic  effort.  Tnder  its  provisions  all 
Chinese  laborers  within  the  United  States  and  entitled  to  remain,  are  required  to 
register  and  procure  a  certificate  of  registration  from  the  proper  officer  of  the  United 
States.  This  act  was  designed  to  make  it  practically  inipossible  for  Chinese  laborers 
who  unlawfully  entered  the  United  States  after  the  expiration  of  the  time  for  reg- 
istration to  remain  therein.  Not  having  a  certificate  their  identification  is  easy. 
The  Chinese  in  California  contested  the  validity  of  this  statute,  but  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  by  a  divided  bench,  declared  it  valid.  The  time  for 
registration  having  expired  the  act  of  November  3,  1893,  was  passed,  extending  the 
registration  privilege  six  months.  This  statute  contains  a  valuable  though  stringent 
addition  to  earlier  legislation.  It  requires  that  the  certificates  of  residence  to  be 
issued  thereunder  must  contain  the  photograph  of  the  applicant,  toget  ler  with  his 
name,  local  residence  and  occupation,  and  that  a  copy  of  such  certificate  with  a 
duplicate  of  the  photograph  must  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  local  collector  of  in- 
ternal revenue,  and  that  such  photographs  and  duplicate  shall  be  furnished  by  each 
applicant  in  such  form  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
This  statutes  was  passed  by  a  Democratic  Congress  and  signed  by  a  Democratic 
President. 


CHINESE   IMMIGRATION.  21 


THE    RECENT   TREATY  WITH  CHIXA. 


On  March  17,  '94,  a  convention  was  concluded  at  Washington  between  the 
United  States  and  China  concerning  the  subject  of  immigration.  Upon  being  pre- 
sented to  the  Senate  it  was  carefully  considered  and  was  ratified  upon  August  13, 
following. 

Criticisms  have  been  made  for  partisan  purposes  upon  this  treaty,  but  an  investi- 
gation of  its  terms  will  readily  silence  opposition  and  demonstrate  the  wisdom  of 
its  negotiations. 

Prior  to  this  treaty  our  diplomatic  relations  with  China  were  disagreeably 
strained,  and  while  we  cannot  afford  to  take  any  steps  which  will  place  our  people 
in  competition  with  coolie  labor,  we  must  neverthless  do  our  best  to  deserve  the 
lespect  and  confidence  of  every  nation,  wheth  t  civilized  or  otherwise. 

This  treaty  is  almost  identical  with  that  which  was  ratified  in  18SS,  and  which 
■China  finally  refused  to  accept,  the  impo  tant  difference  between  the  two  docu- 
ments being  that  the  present  engagement  permits  only  registered  Chinese  laborers 
to  return  to  the  United  States  and  expressly  recognizes  the  duty  of  all  Mongolians 
within  our  borders  to  comply  with  the  acts  of  May  5,  1892,  and  November  3,  1893, 
■while  the  rejected  treaty  contained  no  reference  to  the  important  subject  of  regis- 
tration. Hence  the  present  compact  is  more  favorable  to  the  United  States  than 
former,  as  we  are  willing  and  anxious  to  ratify  the  treaty  of  1888.  No  reason  can  be 
assigned  to  justify  questioning  the  wisdom  of  accepting  that  of  1894. 

Protests  were  filed  by  various  parties  againts  the  ratification  of  the  treaty,  but 
all  of  them  were  based  upon  misappprehension  of  its  terms.  It  may  be  well  to 
briefly  state  some  of  these  objections  : 

1.  It  is  urged  that  article  2  gives  the  right  to  return  to  every  registered  Chinese 
laborer  who  has  a  lawful  wife,  child  or  parent  in  the  United  States  or  property 
therein  of  the  value  of  $1,000,  or  debts  of  like  amount  due  him  and  p.-nding 
settlement. 

In  the  absence  of  the  treaty  these  laborers  h  ive  a  riglit  to  live  and  die  in  the 
United  States,  there  is  no  law  demanding  t'leir  exit  and  it  is  not  perceive  1  why  a 
■Chinaman  whom  we  concede  may  stay  with  us  permanently  shall  not  be  allowed 
to  temporarily  absent  himself. 

We  must,  or  ought  to  be,  rational  concerning  this  as  well  as  other  matters.  In 
the  next  place  no  harm  can  be  done  by  the  enforcement  of  such  a  provi-;ion.  Sup- 
pose every  Chinaman  now  in  the  United  States  were  to  forwith  avail  himself  of  the 
privilege  granted  and  visit  China  for  one  year,  and  then  return,  would  our  laborers 
be  injured  because  of  his  trip  ?  Would  they  be  better  ofi"  if  the  IMongolian  had  not 
made  the  visit  and  had  remained  in  this  country  to  compete  with  them  ?  If  we 
desire  to  rid  ourselves  of  these  people  for  good  can  we  afford  to  object  to  even  tem- 
pomry  relief? 

2.  It  is  further  argued  that  Chinese  laborers  who  have  no  property  and  no  debts 
•owing  to  them  will,  by  perjury,  impose  upon  our  officers  and  obtain  the  privilege 
of  going  from  and  returning  to  the  United  States.  The  answer  to  this  is  twofold. 
Proper  Treasury  regulations  administered  by  our  own  officials  will  make  successful 
fi-aud  rare.  And  secondly,  for  the  reasons  already  given,  if  all  resident  Chinamen 
were  allowed  the  benefit  of  a  visit,  regardless  of  their  pecuniary  or  family  condi- 
i(ion,  no  harm  would  follow. 

The  fact  is  that  Chinese  laborers  have  been  coming  into  the  United  States  in  vio- 


22  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

lation  of  the  Scott  Exclusion  Act,  because  of  the  clifRnilties  of  identification.  Bat 
the  registration  provided  for  by  the  act  of  1894,  and  especially  the  photographic 
and  descriptive  certificate  will  make  it  perilous  and  unprofitable  to  further  press  the 
importation  of  Chinese  not  entitled  to  land. 

There  are  no  other  objections  worthy  of  the  name  to  the  second  article. 

The  third  article  of  the  treaty  has  been  criticised  becausj  it  permits  persons  who 
are  not  ofticials,  teachers,  students,  merchants  or  travelers  for  curiosity  or  pleas- 
ure, enter  the  United  States. 

In  the  first  jDlace  such  is  the  law  without  tlu  treaty. 

Article  3  confers  no  advantage  upon  Chinamen  which  they  do  not  at  present  en- 
joy. If  the  treaty  were  obliterated  these  people  could  enter  under  the  sixth  section 
of  July  5,  1884.  This  act  forms  the  basis  of  this  treaty  provision,  and  was  properly 
considered  at  the  time  it  was  adopted  as  the  most  rigid  exclusion  measure  thereto- 
fore proposed.  All  the  votes  cast  ag.iinst  it  in  the  lower  House  of  Congress  were 
cast  by  Republicans,  and  the  only  argument  advanced  by  them  was  that  the  act 
was  unduly  severe. 

Moreover  none  of  the  persons  described  in  the  third' article  can  enter  the  United 
States  without  the  approval  of  our  consular  officers. 

It  has  been  said  by  those  who  are  probably  entirely  ignorant  of  the  provisions  of 
the  treaty,  that  it  overrules  the  Gear}'  and  McCreary  laws.  Th.i  absurdity  of  this 
pretense  becomes  manifest  when  the  fifth  article  is  examined,  which  explicitly  rec- 
ognizes the  validity  of  those  a?ts  and  binds  both  governments  to  their  enforcement. 

It  has  also  been  urged  that  it  is  undignified  for  the  United  Spates  to  permit  a  for- 
eign government  to  acquiesce  in  the  enforcement  of  our  laws. 

Thi--  would  be  absurd  in  any  case,  but  it  is  particularly  so  in  this  instance,  since 
tlie  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  sustained  the  registration  law  by  a  bare 
majority,  and  since  that  time  one  of  the  judges  whose  vote  was  necessary  to  the  de- 
cision and  who  concurred  therein  has  died,  and  his  able  successor  has  never  been 
called  upon  to  express  an  opinion  upon  this  topic. 

Tlie  advantages  of  the  treaty  are  manifest.  Outside  of  the  relief  which  it  aftl>rds 
us  in  the  removal  of  the  imputation  that  we  have  disregardi-d  diplomatic  usages  in 
the  violation  of  antecedent  treaties,  it  binds  both  governments  to  absolute  ex- 
clusion. 

The  very  first  article  says  :  "The  high  contracting  parties  agree  that  for  a  period 
of  ten  years,  beginning  with  the  date  of  the  exchange  of  the  ratifications  of  thi  5  con- 
vention, the  coming,  except  under  the  conditions  hereinat'ter  specified,  of  the  Chi- 
nese laborers  to  the  United  States  shall  be  absolutely  prohibited." 

The  only  exceptions  are  as  to  registered  laborers  who  have  relations  in  th'.s  coan- 
try,  or  assets  of  the  value  of  one  thousand  doll  .rs,  who  are  permitted  togo  t )  China 
and  return.  No  Chinese  laborer  not  now  in  the  United  States  can  ever  come  here. 
Hence  when  demagogues  a-sert  that  this  treaty  letdown  the  barsand  that  thousands 
of  Mongolians  will  enter  the  United  States  under  it,  they  make  a  declaration  as  silly 
as  it  is  tmtruthful. 

It  has  been  siiid  that  the  certificate  to  be  given  the  laborer  upon  his  departure 
may  be  used  by  another. 

These  certificates  will  be  properly  prepared.  The  laborer's  photograph  will  be 
retained,  and  an  adequate  description  of  his  person,  so  that  such  fraud  will  not  be 
practicable. 

But  if  the  certificate  is  transferred,  it  is  evident  that  it  cannot  be  divided,  and  if 


CHINESE  IMMIORATION,  23 

the  Chinaman  who  leaves  the  United  States  manages  to  find  his  double,  he  will  lose 
his  own  right  to  I'oturn. 

The  treaty  will,  when  ratified  by  China,  be  supplemented  by  legislation  making 
an  imposition  or  attempted  imposition  of  this  kind  a  crime,  and  it  will  not  pay  to 
take  the  risk  of  severe  penalties,  especially  as  the  opportunity  for  the  (hscovery 
is  so  favorable. 

Mr.  Cleveland  has  done  more  than  any  other  President  to  deliver  the  country 
from  the  perils  of  Mongolian  immigration. 

The  following  is  the  treaty  to  which  reference  has  been  made  : 

AVhereas,  on  the  17th  day  of  November,  A.  D.  1880,  and  of  Kwanghsii,  the  sixth 
year,  tenth  moon,  fifteenth  day,  a  Ti-eaty  was  concluded  between  the  United  States 
and  China  for  the  purpose  of  regulating,  limiting  or  suspending  the  coming  of  Chi- 
nese laborers  to,  and  their  residence  in,  the  Ignited  States;  and 

Whereas,  the  Government  of  China,  in  view  of  the  antagonism  and  much  depre- 
cated and  serious  disorders  to  which  the  presence  of  Chinese  laborers  has  given  rise 
in  certain  parts  of  the  United  States,  desires  to  prohibit  the  emigration  of  such  la- 
borers from  China  to  the  United  States;  and 

AVhereas,  the  two  governments  desire  to  co-operate  in  prohibiting  s:ich  emigra- 
tion, and  to  strengthen  in  other  ways  the  bonds  of  friendship  between  the  two 
countries ;  and 

Whereas,  th'^  two  Governments  are  desirous  of  adopting  reciprocal  measures  for 
the  better  protection  of  the  citizens  or  subjects  of  each  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  other; 

Now,  therefore,  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  api^oiated  Walter  Q.  Gres- 
ham,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  as  his  Plenipotentiary,  and  His  Impe- 
rial Majesty,  the  I'^mperor  of  China,  has  appointed  Yang  Yu,  Officer  of  the  second 
rank,  Sub-Director  of  the  Court  of  Sacrificial  Worship,  and  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  ^Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States  of  America,  as  his  Plenipoten- 
tiary; and  the  said  Plenii^otentiaiies,  having  exhibited  their  respective  Full  Powers 
found  to  be  in  due  and  good  form,  have  agreed  upon  the  fallowing  articles  : 

Article  I. 

The  High  Contracting  Parties  agree  that  for  a  period  of  ten  years,  beginning  with 
the  date  of  the  exchange  of  ihe  ratifications  of  this  Convention,  the  coming,  except 
under  the  conditions  hereinafter  specified,  of  Chine- e  laborers  to  the  ITnited  States 
shall  be  absolutely  prohibited. 

Article  II. 

The  preceding  Article  shall  not  apply  to  the  return  to  the  United  States  of  any 
registered  Chinese  laVorer  who  has  a  lawful  wUe,  child  o,-  parent  in  the  United 
States,  or  property  therein  of  the  value  of  one  thousand  dollars,  or  debts  of  like 
amount  due  him  and  pending  settlement.  Nevertheless  every  such  Chinese  laborer 
shall,  before  leaving  the  United  States,  deposit  as  a  condition  of  his  return,  with  the 
collector  of  customs  of  the  district  from  which  he  departs,  a  full  description  in  writ- 
ing of  his  family,  or  property,  or  debts,  as  afore.-aid,  and  ^hall  be  furnished  by  said 
collector  with  such  certificate  of  his  right  to  return  nnder  this  Treaty  as  the  laws  of 
the  United  States  may  now  or  hereafter  prescribe  and  not  inconsistent  with  the  pro- 
visions of  tills  Treaty,  and  should  the  written  description  aforesaid  be  proved  to  be 
false,  the  right  of  return  thereunder,  or  of  continued  residence  after  return,  shall  in 


24  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

each  case  be  forfeited.  And  such  right  of  return  to  the  United  States  shall  be  ex 
ercised  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  leaving  the  United  States,  but  such  right 
of  return  to  the  United  States  may  be  extended  for  an  additional  period,  not  to 
exceed  one  year,  in  cases  where,  by  reason  of  sickness  or  other  cause  of  dis- 
ability beyond  his  control,  such  Chinese  laborer  shall  be  rendered  unable 
sooner  to  return,  which  facts  shaH  be  fully  reported  to  the  Chinese  consul  at  the 
port  of  departure,  and  by  him  certified,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  collector  of  the 
poi't  at  which  such  Chinese  subject  shall  land  in  the  United  States.  And  no  such 
Chinese  laborer  shall  be  permitted  to  enter  the  United  States  by  land  or  sea  with- 
out producing  to  the  proper  officer  of  the  customs  the  return  certificate  hereir 
required. 

Akticle  III. 

The  provisions  of  this  Convention  shall  not  affect  the  right  at  present  enjoyed  oi 
Chinese  subjects,  being  officials,  teachers,  students,  merchants  or  travelers  for 
curiosity  or  pleasure,  but  not  laborers,  of  coming  to  the  United  States  and  residing 
therein.  To  entitle  such  Chinese  subjects  as  are  above  described  to  admission  into 
the  United  States,  they  may  produce  a  certificate  from  their  Government  or  the 
Government  where  they  last  resided  vised  by  the  diplomatic  or  consular 
representative  of  the  United  States  in  the  country  or  port  whence  they  depart. 

It  is  also  agreed  that  Chinese  laborers  shall  continue  to  enjoy  the  privilege  of 
transit  across  the  territory  of  the  United  States  in  the  course  of  their  journey  to  or 
from  other  countries,  subject  to  such  regulations  by  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  as  may  be  necessary  to  prevent  said  privilege  of  transit  from  being  abused, 

Article  IV. 

In  pursuance  of  Article  III  of  the  Immigration  Treaty  between  the  United  States 
and  China,  signed  at  Peking  on  the  17th  day  of  November,  1880,  (the  15th  day  of 
the  tenth  moon  of  Kwanghsii,  sixth  year)  it  is  hereby  understood  and  agreed  that 
Chinese  laborers  or  Chinese  of  any  other  class,  either  permanently  or  temporarily 
residing  in  the  United  States,  shall  have  for  the  protection  of  their  persons  and 
property  all  rights  that  are  given  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States  to  citizens  of 
the  most  favored  nation,  excepting  the  right  to  become  naturalized  citizens.  And 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  reaffirms  its  obligations,  as  stated  in  said 
Article  III,  to  exert  all  its  power  to  secure  protection  to  the  person  and  property  of 
all  Chinese  subjects  in  the  United  States. 

Articie  V. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States,  having  by  an  act  of  the  Congress,  ap- 
proved May  5,  1892,  as  amended  by  an  act  approved  November  3,  1893,  required 
all  Chinese  laborers  lawfully  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  before  the  pas- 
sage of  the  first  named  act  to  be  registered  as  in  said  act  provided,  with  a  view 
of  affording  them  better  protection,  the  Chinese  Government  will  not  object  to  the 
enforcement  of  such  act  and  reciprocially  the  Government  of  the  Unitad  States  re- 
cognizes the  right  of  the  Government  of  China  to  enact  and  enforce  similar  laws 
or  regulations  for  the  registmtion  free  of  charge,  of  all  laborers,  skilled  or  un- 
skilled (not  merchants  as  defined  by  said  act  of  Congress),  citizens  of  the  United 
States  in  China  whether  residing  within  or  without  the  treaty  courts. 

And  the  Government  of  the  United  States  agrees  that  within  twelve  months  of 
the  date  of  the  exchange  of  the  ratifications  of  tliis  convention  and  annually  there- 


CHINESE   IMMIORATION.  25 

after  it  will  furnish  to  the  Government  of  China  registers  or  reports  showing  the 
full  name,  age,  occupation,  and  number  or  place  of  residence  of  all  other  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  including  missionaries,  residing  both  within  and  without  the 
treaty  courts  of  China,  not  in:luding,  however,  diplomatic  and  other  offic^n-s  of 
the  United  States  residing  or  traveUng  in  Ciiina  upon  official  business,  together 
with  their  body  and  household  servants. 

Article  VI. 

This  convention  shall  remain  in  force  for  a  period  of  ten  years,  beginning  with 
the  date  of  the  exchange  of  ratification,  and,  if  six  months  before  the  expiration  of 
tlie  said  period  of  ten  years,  neither  government  shall  have  formally  given  notice 
of  its  final  termination  to  the  other,  it  shall  remain  in  full  force  for  another  period 
of  ten  years. 

In  f^ith  whereof,  we,  the  respective  plenipotentiaries,  have  signed  this  conven- 
tion and  have  liereunto  affixed  our  seal. 

Done,  in  duplicate,  at  Washington,  17th  day  of  Marcli  A.  D.,  1S94. 

WALTER  Q.  GRESHAM,     [seal.] 
YANG  YU.  [seal.] 


26  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


IMMIGRATION  LAWS. 

Their  Strict  Enforcement  Has   Benefitted  the  Working^ 
Classes. 


The  enforcement  of  the  laws  enacted  by  Congress  for  excluding  from  our  shores 
undesirable  immigrants  and  alien  laborers  imported  under  contract  has  a  very  im- 
portant bearing  upon  the  interest  of  American  workin^men.  While  the  manufac- 
turers of  the  country  have  been  "protected  "  by  a  tariff,  enacted  at  their  behest,  the 
laboring  part  of  our  population  were  for  a  long  time  unprotected  from  the  danger 
of  being  superseded  by  underpaid  and  underfed  laborers,  imported  from  over- 
stocked hives  of  in  lustry  in  the  Old  World.  In  other  words,  our  industrial  popula- 
tion were  subject  to  free  trade  in  labor  while  they  had  to  pay  protection  prices  for 
the  means  of  subsistence. 

The  Law  now  prohibits  the  immigration  of  laborers  under  contract,  with  a  few 
exceptions,  such  as  skilled  workmen  for  new  industries,  labor  for  which  cannot  be 
otherwise  obtained,  actors,  artists,  lecturers,  singei's,  and  personal  or  domestic 
servants.  It  also  excludes  idiots,  insane  persons,  paupers,  persons  suffering  from  a 
loathsoine  or  dangerous  contagious  disease,  persons  who  have  been  convicted  of  a 
felony  or  other  infamous  crime  or  misdemeanor  involving  moral  turpitude,  and 
polygamists.  It  having  been  found  difficult  in  many  cases  to  prove  a  specific  con- 
tract under  which  an  alien  laborer  could  be  barred,  a, special  i^tatutory  provision  has 
been  made  that  any  assisted  immigrant,  or  any  alien  whose  ticket  or  passage  has 
been  i^aid  for  with  the  money  of  another,  shall  be  barred  ipso  facto,  unless  it  is 
affirmatively  and  satisfactorily  shown  on  special  inquiry"  that  he  does  .not  belong 
to  one  of  the  excluded  classes,  including  alien  contract  laborers. 

Federal  legislation  on  this  subject  began  in  1882.  It  has  grown  into  quite  a  code 
of  laws,  which  however,  lack  clearness  and  precision  and  need  amendment  in  many 
respects.  The  difficulty  in  their  enforcement  is  largely  inherent  in  the  subject  but 
has  b'en  enhanced  by  the  greed  of  steamship  companies,  to  secure  steerage  pas- 
sengei'S,  and  their  connivance,  in  the  past,  at  least,  with  agents,  bankei's,  and 
padroni  in  this  country,  who  mak^>  a  business  of  supplying  foreign  laborers  to  em- 
ployers— corporations,  mines,  railroads  and  factories. 

About  eighty  per  cent  of  all  the  immigrants  arrive  at  the  port  of  New  York. 
Prior  to  18!)0  the  New  York  State  Government  had  charge  of  immigration  at  that 
port ;  but  in  that  year  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  assumed  control  and 
appointed  a  Federal  Supe.intendent  of  Immigration  for  the  port.  In  1S91 
an  act  of  Congress  was  passed  which  enlarged  the  Goverment's  control 
of  the  subject  of  immigration.  Under  it  a  general  Superintendent  of 
the  Bure.ui  of  Immigration,  with  an  office  at  Washington,  was 
appointed,  and  commissioners  were  appointed  at  New  York  and  several  other 
ports  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.     A  large  immigration  station  was  erected  at 


IMMIGRATION   LAWS.  27 

Ellis  Island,  so  that  all  steerage  passengers  could  be  brought  there  with  their  bag- 
gage, for  the  purpose  of  full  inspection  and  quasi-judicial  determination  of  their 
right  to  land.  In  1893  the  immigration  laws  were  further  amended  by  providing 
that  it  should  be  the  duty  of  every  inspector  of  arriving  immigrants  to  detain  for 
special  inquiry  every  person  who  might  not  appear  to  him  to  b,' clearly  and  beyond 
doubt  entitled  to  admission,  and  that  the  issue  should  be  tried  and  determined  by 
a  board  of  four  inspectors,  whose  decision  should  be  final,  subject,  however,  to  ap- 
peal to  Washington.  The  Commissioner  of  Immigration  at  each  port  is  charged 
with  supervising  his  force  of  inspectors  and  other  employees,  and  the  work  is  of 
great  magnitude. 

The  number  of  immigrants  applying  for  admis-ion  during  the  fiscal  year  1891-2 
was  445,967.  The  number  of  arrivals  for  the  year  1892-1893  was  343,422,  of  whom 
814  were  barred,  458  being  alien  contract  laborers.  Tlie  number  of  arrivals  for 
1893-1894  (July  1st  to  July  1st)  was  219,046,  of  whom  2,013  were  barred,  1,444 
being  alien  contract  laborers. 

A  Democmtic  Bureau  of  Immigration  took  charge  of  the  execution  of  the  immi- 
gr^ition  laws  in  the  spring  of  1893,  soon  after  President  CL'veland's  inauguration, 
when  a  new  superintendent  of  the  general  bureau  at  Washington  was  appointed,  as 
well  as  a  new  commissioner  at  the  priiicipal  port  of  New  York.  The  efliciency  of 
the  Democratic  over  the  Republican  admini  tration  has  been  marked.  The  effect 
of  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  laws  is  shown  in  various  ways  :  First,  by  the  decrease 
of  immigration  secondly,  by  the  improved  quality  of  the  immigrants  now  arriving; 
thirdly,  by  the  unprecedent  dly  numerous  exclusions,  both  in  actual  numbers  and 
proportionately,  of  intending  immigrants,  who  have  been  forced  to  return  to  Europe 
by  I  he  watchful  gatekeepers  of  our  country;  and  fourthly,  by  the  refusal  on  the 
part  of  the  steamship  companies  to  sell  tickets  to  intending  immigrants  whose  eligi- 
bility to  land  was  not  obvious,  such  refusal  being  due  to  the  fact  that  under  the 
new  law  the  steamship  companies  must  assume  full  responsibility  for  embarking 
undesirable  immigrants.  The  systematic  importation  of  laborers  under  contract 
has  been  ])ractically  stopped  by  the  unceasing  vigilance  of  the  present  Democratic 
officials. 

The  Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  has  issued  his  warrant 
under  the  act  of  18S8,  and  has  caused  to  be  depoi'ted  alien  contract  laborers  who 
have  not  been  in  the  United  States  over  a  year,  thereby  establishing  a  precedent 
and  aflfording  to  American  labor  a  protection  not  heretofore  accorded. 

All  aliens  who  1  ave  become  a  public  charge  within  a  year, of  their  landing,  who 
are  insam-  or  suffering  from  a  'oathsome  disease,  or  who  are  permanently  disabled 
from  earning  a  living,  are  deported  at  the  expense  of  the  steamship  companies 
who  brouglit  them  her-^,  or  at  the  expense  of  the  immigrant  fund,  thereby  reliev- 
ing our  insane  asylums  and  almshouses  of  this  burden.  It  is  confidently  asserted 
that  during  this  administiation  our  insane  asylums  and  almshouses  are  getting  no 
alien  pauper  patients  who  were  landed  within  a  year,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the 
immigration  officials  in  future  to  save  our  eleemosenary  institutions  from  this  cry- 
ing evil. 

The  immigi-ation  service  has  baen  more  than  self  sustaining,  and  is  supported 
entirely  from  the  head  tax  paid  by  the  immigrants;  so  that  it  is  no  charge  upon 
the  people. 

The  decrease  in  immigration  is  unquestionably  due  to  a  very  great  extent  to  the 
strict  inspection  of  immigrants  insisted  upon  by  the  Democratic  admini.sti-ation, 


28  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

in  lieu  of  the  t:ix  and  often  collusive  methois  of  their  predecessors.  The  increased 
effici  ncy  has  be.-n  rendered  possib  e  by  a  revision  of  the  regulations,  a  reorgani- 
zation of  the  service,  and  the  substitution  of  hijhly  competent,  conscientious  and 
sagacious  employees  for  superannuated  drones  and  "  inspectors  "  who  encumbered 
the  offices  without  ever  really  inspecting.  The  greatest  efforts  are  now  made  to 
detect  and  send  back  those  ali.-n  pas.sengers  who  leave  their  homes  in  Europe 
under  contracts  v\  hich  make  slaves  of  them,  to  take  the  places  of  American  workmen 
at  reduced  wages,  without  debarring  bona  fick  immigrants  who  come  of  their  own 
free  will  because  they  are  dissatisfied  with  European  conditions,  and  are  willing 
to  take  their  fair  and  natural  chance  here.  Thos3  whj  are  returned  become,  of 
course,  anti-immigration  agents  in  their  own  countries  of  the  most  effective  type; 
and  not  even  the  enactment  of  the  sternest  imaginable  statute  could  b^  more  re- 
strictive of  undesirable  immigration  than  thes.^  natural  regulators  of  the  ebb  and 
flow  in  the  tide  of  aliens. 

Many  bodies  of  organized  American  workmen  have  made  specific  acknowledge- 
ment of  the  fact  that  their  trades  had  been  materially  benetitted  by  the  manner  in 
which  the  law  has  been  enforced  for  the  last  eighteen  months,  such  as  cigar  makers, 
tailors,  hatters,  shoemakers,  etc. 

The  executive  boards  of  many  organiz  tions,  including  the  general  executive 
boards  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  and  tlie  Knights  of  Labor,  have  \'isited 
Ellis  Island  during  the  Democratic  adm  nistration  and  carefu  ly  observed  the 
manner  of  inspecting  immigrants  and  searching  for  violators  of  the  law.  Their 
satisfaction  at  the  methods  adopted  and  the  results  achieved  was  apparent,  and 
resulted,  in  a  number  of  instances,  in  formal  resolution;  to  that  effect,  which  were 
transmitted  to  the  Department. 

The  work  of  the  Supervisory  Bureau  of  Immigration  at  Washington,  under  its  dis- 
tinguished Democratic  chief,  has  been  performed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  give  the 
greatest  satisfac  ion. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  recently  appointed  the  Hon.  Herman  Stump  the 
Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Senner  the  Commissioner  of  Im- 
migration at  the  port  of  New  York,  and  Edward  F.  McSweeney,  Esq.,  the  Assist- 
ant Commissioner,  a  commission  to  investigate  and  report  to  him  information 
under  the  following  five  heads  : 

1.  AVhat  changes,  if  any,  in  the  rules  and  regulations  now  in  force  are  neces- 
sary in  order  to  secure  a  more  efficient  execution  of  existing  laws  relating  to  im- 
migration and  the  laws  prohibiting  the  importation  of  alien  laborers  under  contract. 

2.  Whether  said  laws  are  defective  in  any  particular,  and  what  practical  diffi- 
culties, if  any,  have  been  encountered  in  their  execution. 

3.  AVhat  effect,  if  any,  immigration  has  had  upon  the  wages  of  labor  or  opportuni- 
ties for  employment  in  tne  United  States,  and  whether  or  not  the  existing  in- 
dustrial condition  of  the  country  is  attabuted  in  any  degree  to  the  influx  of 
laborers  from  abroad. 

4.  AVhether  any  measures,  and,  if  so,  what,  can  be  adopted  under  existing  legis- 
lation to  discourage  the  cou:entration  of  immigrant  laborers  in  particular  localities 
and  to  secure  a  better  distribution  of  immigrants  whose  admission  to  the  country  is 
not  prohibited  by  law. 

.5.  Whether  the  "Padrone"  system  exists  in  this  country,  and,  if  so,  to  what 
extent  and  among  what  class  of  immigrants,  and  what  measures  can  be  taken  under 
existing  laws  to  break  it  up  and  protect  American  laborers  against  its  evil 


IMAUGRATION   LAWS.  29 

upon  wage;  and  at  the  same  time  improve  the  social  and  economic  condition  of  the 
immigrants. 

The  Commiss'oners  have  also  bsen  directed  to  secure  and  report  such  information* 
from  all  available  sources,  as  will  enable  the  Departm?nt  to  employ  its  official  force 
in  the  most  eflFective  manner  for  the  enforcement  of  the  immigration  and  contract- 
labor  laws  according  to  their  true  intent  and  purpose,  and  to  suggest  such  amend- 
ments as  experience  may  have  shown  to  be  nec^^ssary  in  order  to  adai^t  them  to 
existing  conditions. 

Thi,-^  investigation  is  now  in  progress  and  has  already  resulted  in  the  accumula- 
tion of  a  vast  amount  of  documentary  information  and  recommendations,  which 
a  e  being  sifted.  The  Commissioners  are  also  visiting  various  sections  of  the  country 
for  the  purpose  of  person  illy  receiving  the  benefit  of  the  practical  knowledge  of 
local  heads  of  trades  organizations.  It  is  anticipate!  that  these  efforts  will  lead  to 
important  amendments  to  the  laws  and  regulation?,  so  that  the  sifting  process,  by 
•which  only  desirable  immigrants  shall  be  admitted  and  all  the  undesirable  cla-ses 
shall  be  utterly  excluded,  will  be  perfected  in  all  its  workings.  C'erta'nly  no  criti- 
cism can  be  made  that  the  present  officers  of  the  Immigration  Service  are  in  any- 
wise lacking  in  zeal,  energv,  or  capacity,  in  dealing  with  this  complex  subject.  On 
the  other  hand,  their  efforts  are  being  daily  supplemented  by  the  assistance  of  in- 
telligent and  appreciative  workmen  throughout  the  whole  United  States,  who-^e  co- 
operation has  been  sought.  The  Democratic  party  has  eveiy  reason  to  congratulate 
itself  upon  the  successful  efforts  of  its  appointees  to  regulate  immigration  in  accord- 
ance with  the  best  interests  of  the  whole  people  and  without  unworthy  discrimina- 


30 


DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK 


COMPARISON  OF  RATES 

Of  Duties    between    the    McKinley  Act   and   the    New 
Tariflf  Law. 


Schedule  A. 


-Chemicals, 
Paints. 


Oils  and 


Acids: 

Acetic  or  pyroligneous— 

Specific  gravity  not  exceed-    i 

ing  1.047 lbs...  | 

Specific   gravity    exceed  iug  j 

1.047 lbs...  1 

Boracic lbs... 

Cbromic lbs... 

Citric lbs... 

Tannic  or  tannin lbs... 

Tartaric lbs... 

Alcoholic  perfumery,  including  co- 
logne water  and  other  toilet  waters, 

galls  

Compounds,  alcoholic,  not  specially 

provided  for galls.. 

Alumina,  alum,  alum  cake,  patent 
alum,  sulphate  of  alumina,  and 
aluminoiis    cake,     and    alum     in 

crystals  or  ground lbs.. 

Ammonia: 

Carbonate  of lbs.. 

Muriate  of.  or  sal  ammoniac. lbs.. 

Sulphate  of lbs.. 

Blacking  of  all  kinds 

Bone  char,  suitable  for  use  in  de- 
colorizing sugar 

Borax,  crude,  or  borate  of  soda,  or 

borate  of  lime  (a) lbs.. 

Borax,  refined lbs.. 

Camphor,  refined lbs.. 

0  alk: 

Prepared,    precipitated,   French 

and  red lbs.. 

Chalk  i)reparations,  all  other,  not 

specially  provided  for 

Chloral  hydrate  (no  data) 

Chhuoform lbs.. 

Coal-tar  colors  or  dyes,  not  specially 

provided  for 

Col)alt,  oxide  of lbs.. 

Collodion,  and  all  compounds  of 
pyroxyline lbs.. 


Kates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law.        New  law 


iH  c. 


per 

4  c.  per  lb 

5  c.  per  lb.. 

6  c.  per  lb.. 
10  c.  per  lb.. 
75  c.  per  lb 
10  c.  per  lb 


Ibi 


15*2  per  gall.... 

and  50  p.  c. 
$2  per  gall.... 

and  25  p.  c. 

6-10  c.  per  lb. 
IM  c.  per  11 


20  per  cent... 

3  c.  per  lb... 

4  c.  per  lb... 
25  per  cent... 
60  c.  per  lb.. 
20  per  cent... 


f2  per  gall 

and  50  per  c. 
do 


4-10 


per  lb 
per  cent. 


c.  per  lb 10 

>.<  c.  per  lb 20  per  cer 

25  per  cent do. 

.do. 


3  c.  i^er  lb. 
5  c.  per  lb. 

4  c.  per  lb. 


1  c.  per  lb... 

20  per  cent.. 
50  c.  per  lb. 
25  c.  per  lb., 

35  per  cent... 
30  c.  per  lb.. 

50  c.  per  lb.. 


2  c.  per  lb. 

do.... 

10  per  cent. 

20  per  cent. 


do 

25  per  cent.. 
25  c.  per  lb.. 

2^ per  cent.. 
25  c.  per  lb., 


40  c.  per  lb 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.     law. 


Per  d. 

\  13.19 
'(  22.36 

95.12 
32.69 
28.73 
181.28 
32.91 


61.77 
163.43 


37.18 

26.56 
15.20 
22.21 
25 

25 

119.47 
42.31 
12.20 


32.02 
20 


35 
19.23 


63.91 


57.06 
21.80 
25 

145.03 
20 


61.77 


79.64 
16.92 
10 


20 
25 
19.64 

25 
16.02 


TARIFF  SCHEDULES. 


31 


Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  hrtu'een  McKinlaj  ad  and  nev:  lav. — Continue. 1. 


Schedule  A — Chemicals,  Olls.  akd 
Paints — Contiuued. 

In    finished   or    partly    finished 

articles lbs... 

Eolled  or  in  sheets,  but  not  made 

np  into  articles lbs... 

Coloring  for  brandy,  wine,  beer,  or 

other  liquors 

Barks,  beans,  berries,  balsams,  buds, 
bulbs,  and  bulbous  roots,  and  ex- 
crescences, such  as  uutgalls,  fruits, 
flowers,  dried  fibers,  grains,  gums, 
and  gum  resins,  herbs,  leaves,  lich- 
ens, niosses,  nuts,  roots,  and  sterns, 
spices,  vegetables,  seeds  (aromatic, 
not  garden  ireeds),  and  seeds  of  mor- 
bid growth.woods  used  expressly  for 
dj'eing,  and  dried  insects,  any  of 
the  foregoing  which  are  not  edible, 
but  which  hav^  been  advanced  in 
value  or  condition  liy  refining  or 
grinding    or  by  other  process  of 

manufacture 

Ethers: 

Sulphuric lbs... 

Kitrous,  spirits  of  (no  data) 

Of  all  kinds,  not  specially   pro- 
vided for lbs... 

Fruit  ethers,  oils,  oressences.lbs... 
LiOgwood  and  other  dyewoods,  ex- 
tracts and  decoctions  of lbs... 

Sumac: 

Extract  of lbs, 

Bark  for  dyeing  or  tanning, extracts  of 
Other  than  hemlock,   not  spec- 
ially provided  for lbs... 

Fish  glue  or  isinglass: 

Tabled   at  not  above  7  cents  per 

pound lbs... 

Valued  at  above  7  cents  and  not 

above  30  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

Valued  at    above    30    cents    per 

liouiid ^ lbs... 

Gelatin: 

Valued  at  not  abo^e  7  cents  per 

pound lbs... 

Valued  at  above  7  cents  and  not 

above  30  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

Valued    at  above    30    cents    per 

pound lbs... 

Glue: 

Valued  at  not  above  7  cents  per 

pound lbs... 

Valued  at  above  7  cents  and  not 

above  30  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

Valued    at    above    30    cents  per 

pound lbs... 

Glycerin: 

'  Crude,  not  purified lbs... 

Refined lbs... 


Rates  of  dutv  under- 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKinley  law.        New  law. 


.McKiu 
lev  law. 


[  Per  cl 

-.,    .  per  lb 45  per  cent !  43.4ri 

and  25  p.  c.  | 

60  c.  per  ib 50  c.  per  lb ,  87.08 

50  per  cent 50  per  cent 50 


10  per  cent 10  per  cent 


■40  c.  per  lb \  40  c.  per  lb 400 

25  c.  per  lb i  25  c.  per  lb 


3=1  per  lb il  per  lb.. 

$2.50  per  lb....    $2  per  lb... 


H  c.  per  lb 10  per  cent. 

do ' do 


35.88 
238.28 


11.43 
23.24 


25 


%  c.  per  lb I  10  per  cent i       8.28 

\)4  c.  per  lb...    25  per  cent 25.12 


25  per  cent do. 

30  per  cent do. 

Ij^  c.  per  lb... do. 

25  per  cent ' do. 

30  per  cent ! do. 


\li  c.  per  lb... 

25  per  ceut.^... 

30  per  cent 

1%  c.  per  lb... 
43^  c.  per  lb... 


.do. 


1  c.  per  lb. 
3  c.  per  Ib. 


26.16 
25 


32.62 
52.54 


32  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKlnley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  A.— Chemicals,   Oils  and 

Paints. 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

Ink  of  all  kinds  and  ink  powders 

30  c.  per  lb 

25  per  cent 

30 

25 

Iodoform lbs... 

fl.50per  lb.... 

f  1  per  lb 

40.45 

26.97 

Licorice,  extracts  of,  in  paste,  rolls. 

or  other  form lbs... 

5J^  c.  per  lb... 

5  c.  per  lb 

46.32 

42.10 

Magnesia: 

Calcined lbs... 

8  c.  per  lb 

7  c.  per  lb 

40.71 

35.62 

Carbonate  of,  medicinal lbs... 

4  c.  per  lb 

3  c.  per  lb 

53.12 

39.84 

Sulphate,  of,  or  Epsom salts.lbs... 

3-10  c.  per  lb... 

1-5  c.  per  lb.... 

38.34 

25.51 

Morphia,  or  morphine,  and  all  salts 

thereof oz... 

50  c.  per  oz 

50  c.  per  oz 

47.09 

47.09 

Oils: 

Alizarine  assistant,    or     soluble 

oil,  or  oleate  of  soda,   or  Tur- 

key red  oil- 

Containing  50  per  cent  or  more 

of  castor  oil galls... 

Another galls... 

80  c.  per  gal  / 
30  c.  per  gal  ] 

30  per  cent 

30 

30 

Castor galls... 

80  c.  per  gal... 

35  c.  per  gal ... 

100.35 

43.87 

Cod-liver galls... 

15  c.  per  gal... 

20  per  cent 

28.65 

20 

Flaxseed  or  linseed,  raw,  boiled. 

or  oxidized galls... 

32  c.  per  gal.  | 
do f 

^  95.14 

59.46 

Poppv-seed  oil,   raw,  boiled,  or 

20  c.  \yer  gal... 

oxidized galls... 

I  54.37 

33  93 

Fusel  oil  or  amvlic  alcohol....lbs... 

10  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

10 

10 

Hemp  seed  and  rape  seed. ..galls... 

10  c.  per  gal... 

10  c.  per  gal... 

24.12 

24.12 

Olive,  fit  for  salad  purposes,  galls. . . 

35  c.  per  gal... 

35  c.  per  gal... 

26.92 

26.92 

Peppermint lbs... 

80  c.  per  lb 

25  iDcr  cent 

47.07 

25 

Seal galls... 

Fish,  not  specially  provided  for. 

8  c  per  gal 

...   do 

23  45 

25 

galls 

do 

do 

32.12 

25 

Whale,   not    specially    provided 

for galls.. 

do 

do 

33.90 

Opium: 

Aqueous,  extract  of,  for  medici- 

nal uses,   and  tincture  of,   as 

laudanum,  and  all  other  liquid 

■ 

preparations  of,   not  specially 

provided  for lbs... 

40  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

40 

20 

Crude  or  unmanufactured,  and 

not  adulterated,   containing  9 

per  cent  and  over  of  morphia... 

Free 

Free 

Free. 

Free. 

Prepared  for  smoking,  and  opium 

containing  less  than  9  per  cent 

of  morphia lbs... 

fl2perlb 

$6  per  lb.., 

169.65 

84.82 

Paints  and  colors: 

r>aryta.  sulphate  of,  or  barytes, 

including  barytes  earth- 

Manufactured tons... 

!J6.72  per  ton.. 

$3  per  ton 

50.25 

26.45 

Blues,  such  as  Berlin,  Prussian, 

Chinese,   and    all  others  con- 

taining ferrocyanide  of  iron  — 

Dry  or  ground   in  or  mixed 

with  oil lbs... 

fi  c.  per  lb 

6  c.  per  lb 

20.03 

20.03 

Blanc  fixe,  or  satin  white  or  arti- 

ficial sulphate  of  barytes.. .lbs... 

%  c.  per  lb 

25  per  cent 

47.54 

25 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  33 

ComjMrison  of  rates  of  duUes  between  McKinley  act  and  new  lair. — Contimied. 


Bates  of  duty  under.— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law 

ScHEDtTLE    A— Chemicals,    Oils,    and 

Paints — Coutiuu  ed. 

Paints  and  colors — Continued. 

Black,  made  from  bone,  ivory,  or 

vegetable,  inchiding  boneblack 

and  lampblack,  dry  or  ground 

Per  ct. 

P<rct. 

in  oil  or  water Jbs.. 

25  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

25 

20 

Chrome    yellow,   chrome    g-'een. 

and  all  other  chromium  colors 

in  which  lead    and  bichromate 

of  potash  or  soda  are  component 

parts — 

Dry  or  ground  in  or  mixed 

with  oil lbs... 

4>^  cts.  per  lb. 

3  cts.  per  lb.... 

30.84 

20.56 

Ocher  and  ochery  earths- 

Ground  in  oil lbs... 

IK  cts.  per  lb. 

l}i  cts.  per  lb.. 

19.64 

16.37 

Sienna  and  sienna  earths — 

Ground  in  oil lbs... 

IJi  cts  per  lb. 

\}i  cts.  per  lb. 

21.14 

17.62 

Umber  and  umber  earths- 

Ground  in  oil lbs... 

dc 

do 

25.80 

21.50 

Ultramarine lbs... 

4K  cts.  per  lb. 

3  cts.  per  lb.... 

46.15 

30.77 

Spirit  varnishes galls... 

fl.32 per  gall, 
and  35  p.  c. 

$1.32  per  gall, 
and  -5  p.  c. 

69.56 

59.56 

All  other,  including  gold  size  r  r 

Japan galls... 

35  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

35 

25 

Vermilion    red,   and  colors  con- 

taining    quicksilver,     dry     or 

ground  in  oil  or  water lbs... 

12  cts.  per  lb... 

20  per  cent 

26.77 

20 

Vermilion    red,    not    containing 

quicksilver,  but  made  of  lead, 

25  per  cent 

6  cents  per  lb.. 

25 

"Wash  blue  containing  ultrama- 

rine          lbs... 

3  cents  per  lb.. 

3  cents  per  lb.. 

20  83 

20  33 

Whiting  and  Paris  white — 

Dry lbs... 

}i  cent  per  lb.. 

X  cent  per  lb.. 

142.48 

71.24 

Ground  in  oil  (putty) lbs... 

1  cent  per  lb... 

3^  cent  per  lb.. 

189.50 

94.75 

Zinc,  oxide   of,  and  white  paint 

containing  zinc,   but  not  con- 

taining lead — 

Dry  lbs... 

\}i  cts.  per  lb.. 

1  cent  per  lb... 

31.44 

25.16 

Ground  in  oil .lbs... 

\%  cts.  per  lb.. 

do 

40.47 

23.15 

All  other  paints  and  colors- 

Dry    or    mixed,   or  ground  in 
water  or  oil,  including  lakes. 

not    specially    provided  for. 

and  artists'  colors  of  all  kinds. 

25  per  cent 

25  per  cent  ,    . 

25 

25 

Mixed  or  ground  with  water  or  i 

solutions  other  than   oil,  and 

commercially  known  as  art- 

do 

25 

Crayons  

25  per  cent 

do 

25 

25 

Smalts  and  frostings 

.....do 

do 

25 

25 

Brown — 

Spanish.  Indian  red,  and  colco- 

do 

do 

25 

25 

Vaudyke,  Cassel  earth,  or  Cas- 

do 

......do 

25 

25 

Paris  green  and  London  purple 

(no  data) 1 

25  per  cent 

12J'.i  percent... 

12.50 

25 

34  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKmley  act  and  new  lav:. —  Continued. 


Schedule  A.— Chemicals,  Oils,  and 
Paints— Continued. 

Lead,  acetate  of — 

Brown  (h) lbs... 

White lbs... 

Litharge lbs... 

Lead,  nitrate  of lbs... 

Orange,  mineral lbs... 

Ked lbs... 

White,  dry  or  in  pulp,  and  ground 
or  mixed  in  oil,  and  white  uaint 

containing  lead lbs... 

Phosphorus lbs... 

Potash- 

Chromate  and  bichromate  of. .lbs... 

Hvdriodate,  iodide  andiodate  of 
ibs 

Nitrate  of,  or  saltpeter,  refined, 
lbs 

Pussiate  of — 

Ked lbs... 

Yellow lbs... 

Preparations,  medicinal,  including 
medicinal  proprietary  prepara- 
tions— 

Of  which  alcohol  is  a  component 
part,  or  in  the  preparation  of 
which  alcohol  is  used  (o)...lbs... 

Of  which  alcohol  is  not  a  compo- 
nent part 

Calomel  and  other  mercurial 
preparations lbs... 

Preparations  or  products  known 
as  alkalies,  and  alkaloids,  and 
all  combinations  of  the  same, 
and  all  chemical  compounds 
and  salts,  by  whatever  name 
known  

All  other  essential  oils,  and  com- 
binations of lbs... 

All  other  fixed  or  expressed  oils, 
and  combinations  of galls... 

All  other  rendered  oils  and  com- 
binations of galls... 

Bicarbonate  of  potash lbs... 

Preparations  used  as  applica- 
tions to  the  hair,  mouth,  teeth, 
or  skin,  such  as  cosmetics,  den- 
tifrices, pastes,  pomades,  pow- 
ders, and  tonics,  including  all 
known  as  toilet  preparations 
not  specially  provided  for 

Suutouhie,  and  all  salts  thereof 
contaiuiug  80  per  cent  or  over 

of  pantonine lbs... 

Soap : 

Castile lbs... 

Fancy,  perfumed, andall descrip- 
tions of  toilet lbs... 


Piates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law.       New  law 


33^  cts.  per  lb. 
5K  cts.  per  lb. 
3  cents  per  lb. 

do 

3>i  cts.  per  lb.. 
3  cents  per  lb. 


\%  cts.  per  lb. 
2%  cts.  per  lb. 
\y>  cts.  per  lb. 

do 

l^i  cts.  per  lb. 
l3^  cts.  per  lb. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.     law. 


Per  ct. 


do do 

20  cts.  per  lb...  I  15  cts.  per  lb. 

Scents  per  lb. .1  25  cent  per 


50  cts.  per  ib...    25  cts.  per  lb 

1  cent  per  lb...j  14  cfnt  per  lb.. 

10  cts.  per  lb...    25  per  cent 

5  cents  per  lb.. do 


.50  cts  per  lb...    cO  cts.  per  lb.. 

25  per  cent \  25  per  cent  .... 

35  per  cent do 


25  per  cent. 


25  per  ctnt 25 


.do 

do 


....do. 
....do. 


EO  per  cent 


.do. 
.do. 


78.04 
94.91 
18.23 
78.80 
91.17 


59.21 
40.79 

36.72 

19.68 

21.32 

£9.04 
25.40 


15.51 

25 

35 


25 


40  per  cent }     £0 


$2.50 


15  cts.  per  lb...    35  per  cent 36.66  j 


40 


per  lb j  $=1  per  pouud..|   163.35  '•      65.34 

1>^  cts.  per  lb..    20  per  cent i     19.48;       20 


TARIFF    SCHEDULES.  35 

Comjyarison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinle}/  act  and  new  ?aw— Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under — 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  A.— Chemicals,  Oils,   and 

Paints— Continued. 

Soap— Continued. 

All  other,  not  specially  provided 

Per  ct. 

Ferot. 

for 

20  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

20 

10 

Soda: 

Bicarbonate  of,  or  supercarbon- 

ate  of,  or  saleratus lbs... 

1  cent  per  lb... 

K  cent  per  lb.. 

60.47 

30.24 

Hydrate  of,  or  caustic lbs... 

Bichromate  and  chromate  of. .lbs... 

do 

do..   . 

42.75 
45.59 

21.37 

25 

3  cts.  per  lb.... 

25  per  cent 

Soda  ash lbs... 

X  cent  per  lb.. 

>/  cent  per  lb.. 

20 

20 

Sal.  or  soda  crystals lbs... 

Silicate  of,  or  other  alkaline  sili- 

K cent  per  lb.. 

29.06 

14.53 

cate lbs... 

}i  cent  per  lb.. 

%  cent  per  lb.. 

43.50 

32.62 

20  per  cent 

Free        .  . 

10  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

20 

10 
10 

Seamoss  or  Iceland  moss  (no  data) 

Strychnia,  or  strichnine,  and  all  salts 

Free 

thereof ounces... 

40  cts.  per  oz.. 

30  cts.  per  oz .. 

93.79 

70.34 

Sulphur,     sublimed,    or    flowers   of 

tons 

#10  per  ton 

20  per  cent 

28.66 

20 

Sulphur,  refined tons... 

•rSper  ton 

20  percent 

34.23 

20 

Sumac,  ground lbs... 

4-10  ot.  per  lb.. 

10  per  cent 

19.81 

10 

Tartar- 

Cream  of.  and  patent               .lbs 

6  cts.  ijer  lb.... 

20  per  cent 

21.45 

20 

Tartars  and  lees  crystals,  partly 

refined lbs 

4  cts.  per  lb 

do 

31.07 

20 

Tartrate  of  soda  and  potassa,  or  Ro- 

chelle  salts lbs... 

3cts.  per  lb.... 

2  cts.  per  lb  ... 

16.49 

11 

Total  Schedule  A,   chemicals. 

oils  and  paints 

31.61 

24  44 

Schedule  B.— Eakths,  Easthenwaee, 

— 



AND  GlASSWAEE. 

Earthen,  stone  and  China  ware: 

Brick  and  tiles- 

Brick  fire- 

Not  glazed,  enameled  or- 

namented or  decorated 

in  any  manner tons... 

.f'1.25  per  ton... 

25  percent 

25.15 

25 

Glazed,     enaujled,    orua- 

mented     or     decorated 

tons 

45  per  cent  

30  per  cent 

45 

30 

Brick,  other  than  fire- 

Not  glazed,    ornamented. 

painted,   enameled,  vit- 

rified, or  decorated. ..M... 

25  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

25 

25 

Ornamented,      glazed. 

painted,  enameled,  vit- 

rified, or  decorated..M... 

45  per  cent 

30  per  cent 

45 

30 

Magnesic  fire  brick  Tnot  enum- 

erated :   no  data) 

25  per  cent 

$1  per  ton 

25 

Not       glazed,      ornamented. 

painted,  enameled,  vitrified. 

or  decorated 

25  per  cent 

25  per  cent.. 

25 

25 

Ornamented,  glazed,  painted, 

enameled,  vitrified,  or  dec- 

orated, and  all  enr'austic   .... 

45  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

45 

40 

36  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rutcs:  of  dutirs  hchricrt  McKmh  u  net  airl  new  Ian- — Continued. 


Rates  of  dutv  imder-         I  Average  ad  va- 
lorumimder — 


Schedule  B. — Earths.  Eaethenwaee, 
AND  Glasswaee— Contiuued. 

Cement: 

Homan,  Portland,  and  other  liy- 
diaulic,   in    barrels,   sacks,    or 

other  packages lbs... 

Other lbs.. 

Lime  lbs... 

Plaster  of  Paris: 

Calcined tons... 

Ground tons... 

Clays  or  earths: 

IJuwrought  or  nnmanufactnred. 

tons 

China  clay,  or  kaolin tons... 

Vvronghtor  mamifactnred,   not 

specially  provided  for tons... 

Brown  earthenware,  common  stone- 
ware,    and     crucibles    not    orna- 
ruented  or  decorated  in  any  manner.. 
China,    porcelain,     parian,    bisque, 
earthen,  stone,  and  crockery  ware, 
including  plaques,  ornaments,  toys, 
charms,  vases,  and  statuettes — 
Painted,   tinted,   stained,   enam- 
eled, printed,  gilded,  or  other- 
wise decorated  or  ornamented 

in  any  manner 

Clocks,  china,  chief  value 

Plain  white,  and  not  ornamented 

or  decorated  in  any  manner 

Gas  retorts ' No... 

Bottles  and  vials,  flint  and  lime: 
Empty- 
Holding  more  than  1  pint. lbs... 
Holding  not  more  than  1  pint 
and  not  less  than  }£  pint, 

lbs 

Holding    less   than   X    pint, 

gross 

Other  on  which  .specific  duty 
would  be  less  than  40  per 

cent 

Filled- 

Holding  more  than  1  pint. lbs... 

Holding  not  more  than  1  pint 

and  not  less  than  }4  pint, 

lbs 

Holding    less  than    J^    pint, 


McKinlcy  lav.-. 


New  law 


McKin-     New. 


!leylav\-.     law. 


8  c.  per  100  lbs   8  c.  per  100  lbs 

20percent |  lOpercent 

6  c.  per  100  lbs    5  c.  per  100  lbs 

$1.75  per  ton..    .SI. 25  per  ton... 


per  ton $1  per  ton 


Per  ct.  I  Per  ci. 

24.03  ,       24. 0& 

20  :       10 
30.41  25.34 


17.97 
6.07 


81. 50  per  ton do 19.72'       13.15 

f^Sperton |  82  per  ton 39.56  1       26.3S 


.do. 


.do. 


25  per  cent 20  per  cent 


I  per  cent i  35  per  cent. 

..do I  25  per  cent. 


55  per  cent i  30  per  cent. 

f  3  each 20  per  cent. 


1  c.  per  lb %  c.  per  lb... 

lJ-2  c.  per  lb... I  l>s  c.  per  lb. 
50  c.  per  gross   40  c.  per  gross 


Other  on  which  specific  duty 
would  be  less  than  40  per 

cent 

Bottles  and  vials,  green  and  colored, 
molded  cr  i)resscd: 
Empty- 
Holding  more  than  1  pint.  lbs. . . 
Holding  not  more  than  1  pint 
and  not  loss  than  ^4  pint, 
lbs 


40  per  cent 40  per  cent... 

1  c.  per  lb i  M  c.  per  lb.. 


1}4  c.  per  lb...!  13^  c.  per  lb... 
50  c.  per  grossl  40  c.  per  gross 


22.35 


55 

20.22  ; 


81.30 
50.34 


116.05 
119.80 


40  per  cent 40percent- 


40 


1  c.  per  lb  %  c.  per  11; 70.17 

! 

IK  c.  per  lb...    ly^  c.  per  Ib...^     85.67 


14.90 


61.27  45.95 


GO.  97 
40.27 

40 
65.84 

87.04 
95.84 

40 

52.63 
64.25 


TABIFF  SCHEDULES.  37 

Comparison  of  rates  of  dniies  hciireiu  }h'Kinley  act  and  )u'w  laii — Continued. 


ScHIiDrLE  B.— EaKTHS,  EAKTHEKWArE, 

AND  Glassvake — Contimied. 

Bottles  and  vials,  &c. — Continued. 
Empty— Continued. 

Holding  less    than    .Y    pint, 


Other  on  which  specific  dnty 
■would   be  less  than  40  per 

cent 

Filled— 

Holding  snore  than  1  pint.lLs.. 

Holding  not  more  than  1  pint 

and   not  less  than  )i  pint. 

lbs 

Holding    less    than  3€   pint, 

gross 

Other  on  Mhich  specific  duty 
would  be  less  than  40  per 

cent 

Demijohns  and  carboys  (covered  or 
uncovered): 
Empty- 
Holding  more  than  Ipint.lbs.. 
Other  on  which  specific  duty 
-would  be  less  than  40  per 

cent 

Filled— 

Other  on  which  specific  duty 
would  be  less  than  40  per 

cent 

F"lint  and  lime,  pressed  plassMaie, 
not  cut,  engraved,  painted,  etched, 
decorated, colored,printed, stained, 

silvered,  or  gilded 

Articles  of  glass,  cut,  engraved, 
painted,  colored,  printed,  stained, 
decorated,  silvered,  or  "■jlded,  net 
including  plate   glass  silvered,  or 

looking-glass  plates 

Chemical  glassware  for  use  m  labo- 
ratory, and  not  otherwise  specially 

provided  for 

Thin-blown  glass,  blown  with  or 
without  a   mold,  including    glass 

chimneys 

All  other  manufactures  of  glass,  or 
of  T.hich  glass  shall  be  the  ccmpc- 
ntnt  material  of  chief  value,  not 

specially  provided  for 

Heavy-blown  gj,ass,  blown  with  or 
without  a  mold,  not  cut  or  deco- 
rated, finished  or  unfinished.. 

Porcelain  or  opal  glassware 

Cylinder,  crown  and   con.mon  win- 
dow glass,  uupofished: 
Not  exceeding    10  by  15  inches 

square lbs... 

Above   10  by  15  inches,  and  not 
exceeding  16  by  24  inches. ..lbs... 


Eates  of  duty  unde 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKinlev  law. 


New  law. 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.      law. 


:0  c.  per  gross    40  c.  per  gross 


40  per  cent i  40  per  cent., 

1  c.  per  lb j  H  c.  per  lb 


]K  c.  per  lb...j  lys  c.  per  lb... 
CO  c.  per  gross   40  c.  per  gross 


40  per  cent. 


40  per  cent 


1  c.  per  lb !  H  c.  per  lb 

40  per  cent i  40perctnt., 


.do. 


.do 


CO  per  cent. 


.do 


.do. 


do 

45  per  cent ' do 

eO  per  cent i do  . 


•  do I  35  per  cent. 


.do -lOpercent. 

.do do 


1%  c.  per  lb... I  1  c.  per  lb.... 
IK  c.  per  lb...    IH  c.  per  lb. 


Pe7-  cf.  ! 
64.47 

40        ! 
71.48 

314.42  I 
148.08  i 

40 

37.91 
40 


40 


47.47 
106.19 


DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinlci/  act  and  new  law — Continued. 


;McKinley  law. 


Schedule  B.— Earths,  Eaethenwake, 
AND  Glassw ABE— Continued. 

Cylinder,  crown,  .fee— Continued. 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not 

exceeding  24  by  30  inches... lbs.. 

Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not 

exceeding  24  by  36  inches... lbs.. 

All  above  24  by  36  inches lbs.. 

Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished, 
unsilvered: 
Not  exceeding   16    by   24  inches 

square sq.  ft.. 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  30  inches. ..sq.  ft.. 
Above  24  by  SO  inches,  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  60  inches... sq.  ft.. 
Plate  glass,  fluted',  rolled,  or  rough 
(excess  of  1  pound  per  square  foot, 
dutiable  at  same  rates): 
Not  exceeding   10  by  15   inches 

square sq.  ft.. 

Above  10  by  15  inches  and  not  ex- 
ceeding ie  by  24  inches... sq.  ft.. 
Above  16  by  24  inches  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  30  inches... sq.  ft.. 
All  above  24  by  30  inches. ..sq.  ft.. 
Plate  glass,  fluted,  rolled,  or  roui;h, 
ground,    smoothed,    or    otherwise 
obscured  (excess  of   1   pound  per 
square  foot,  diitiable  at  same  rates): 
Not  exceeding  16  by  24    inches 

square sq.  ft.. 

Above  16  by  24  inches  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  30  inches.. .sq.  ft.. 
Above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  60  inches... sq.  ft.. 
All  above  24  by  60  inches. ..sq.  ft.. 
Plate  glass,  cast,  polished,  finished, 
or  uutinished,  and  unsilvered: 
Nut  exceeding  16  by   24    inches 

sqiiare sq    it.. 

Above  16  by  24  inches  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  30  inches. ..sq.  ft.. 
Above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 24  by  GO  inches. ..sq.  ft.. 
All  above  24  by  60  inches... sq.  ft.. 
Plate  glass,  cast,  polished,  silvered: 
Not  exceeding   16  by   24   inches 

s(iuare sq.  ft.. 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not 
exceeding     24    by     30     inches 

sq.   ft 

Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not 
e:-;ccediug    24     by     60     inches 

sq.ft 

Airab()ve;!4liy  GOinches sq.  ft.. 

Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished, 

silvered,  and  looking-glass  plates: 

Not  exceeding    16  by  24  inches 

Bq.  ft 


Bates  of  duty  under- 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


2%  c.  per  lb... 

2%  c.  per  lb... 
Sj^  c.  per  lb... 


4  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 
6  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 
20  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 

%  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 

1  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 

l}.i  c.  p.  sq.  ft.. 

2  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 


5  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
8  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 


25  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 
50  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 


5  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
8  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
25  c.per  sq.ft.. 


New  law. 


McKin. 
ley  law 


1%  c.  per  lb. 

2  c.  per  lb.... 
2>^  c.  per  lb. 


23^  c.  p.  sq.  ft.. 
4  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
15  c.  p.  s<i.  ft.. 

%  c.  p.  sq.  ft.. 
do 


1  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
IM  c-  P-  sq.  ft. 


5  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 

8  c.  per  sq.  ft. 

20  c.  p.  sq.  ft.. 
35  c.  p.  sq.  ft.. 

5  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 

8  c.  per  sq.  ft. 

22J^  c.p.  sq.  ft 
50  c.  per  sq.  ft..]  35  c.  per  sq.  ft. 

6  c.  per  sq.  ft..j  6  c.  per  sq.  ft. 

10  c.  per  sq.  It.j  10  c.  ])er  sq.  ft.j     26.C6 


35  c.  per  sq.  ft.!  23  c.  persq.  ft. 
CO  c.  per  sq.  ft.    38  c.  per  sq.  ft. 


6  c.  per  sq.  ft..    6  c.  per  sq.  ft, 


j^er  ct. 
120.66 


124.97 
116.79 


20.07 
27.58 
63.84 


23.08 
56.58 


64.19 

48.74 


20.76 
34.97 


48.03 
91.32 


22.22 
33.22 


97.49 
174.45 


51.97 
49.39 


New 
law. 


TARIFF    8('lli:i>rLES.  39 

ComparitiQ)!  of  ratct<  of  datii'^  lutiveen  McKinlii  act  mil  nc.r  !a^i: — Contiuued. 


Schedule     B.— Earths,     Earthen- 
ware. AND  Glassware— Contiuued. 

Cylinder  aud  crowu  glass.  poli-;hed, 

silvered,  etc. — Coutiuiied. 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  aud  not 

exceeding  2i  by  30  incties..sq  ft.. 

Above  24  by  30  inches,   and  not 

exceeding  24  by  60  iuches..sq.  ft. . 

All  above  24  by  60  inches sq.ft.. 

Cylinder,  crown,  and  common  win- 
dow glass,  unpolished,  wheu 
ground,  obscured,  frosted,  sanded, 
enameled,  beveled,  etched,  em- 
bossed, engraved,  stained,  colored, 
or  otherwise  ornamented  or  dec- 
orated : 
Not   exceeding   10  by  15  inches 

square lbs.. 

Above  10  by  15  inches,  and  not 

exceeding  16  by  24  inches lbs. . 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and   not 

exceeding  24  Viy  30  inches lbs. . 

Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not 
exceeding  24  by  36  inches lbs.. 

All  above  24  by  36  inches lbs.. 

Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished, 
unsilvered,  when  ground,  ob- 
scured, frosted,  sanded,  enameled, 
beveled,  etched,  embossed,  en- 
graved, stained,  colored,  or  other- 
wise ornamented  or  decorated  : 
Not  exceeding  16  by  24  inches 
square sq.  ft.. 

Above  i6  by  24  inches,  and  not 
exceeding  24  by  30  inches 
sq.  ft 

Above  24  by  30  inches,  but  not 
exceeding     24     by     60    inches 

sq.  ft 

Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished, 
silvered,  when  ground,  obscured, 
frosted,  sanded,  enameled,  bevel- 
ed, etched,  embossed,  engraved, 
stained,  colored,  or  otherwise  or- 
n^r  .'t^iit  'd  or  decora':ed  ■ 
Not  excsediug  16  by  by  24  iuc'.ies 

sq  '.ar- ^q.  't.. 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  anl  not 
exce  diug    24    by     30     inch-js 

sq.  f  

Above  24  by  30  inches,  aud  not 

exceeding     24    bv     60     inches 

sq.  ft 

All  above  24  bv60inches..S(i.  ft.. 


Bates  of  duly  under- 


McKinley. 


10  c.  per  sq.  ft. 

35  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
60  c.  per  sq.  ft. 


1%  c.  per  lb. 
and  10  p.  c. 

1  }i  c.  per  lb. 
and  10  p.  c. 

2  %  c.  per  lb. 
and  10  p.  c. 

2  %  c.  per  lb. 
and  10  p.  c. 

3  >8  c-  per  lb. 
and  10  p.  c. 


4  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
aud  10  p.  c. 


6  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 


20  c.  per  sq.ft. 
aud  10  p.  c. 


6  C.  p.  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 

10  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 
an(l  10  p.  c. 

3.5  c.  p.  s(i.  ft. 

and  10  \).  c. 
00  c.  p.  .sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 


New  law. 


10  c.  psr  sq.ft 

23  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
33  c.  persq.  ft. 


Ic.  per  lb.  and 

10  p.  c. 
IV  c.  per  lb. 

and  10  p.  c. 
1%  c.  per  lb. 

and  10  p.  c. 
2  c.  per  lb.  and 

10  p.  c. 
2}i  c.  per  lb. 

and  10  p.  c. 


2J^c.persq..ft. 
aud  10  p.  c. 


4  c.  per  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 


15c.  per  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 


6  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 

10  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 

23  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
3S  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 


A  verage  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


McKin-    New 
ley  law.     law. 


23.63 


49.77 

43.83 


19.84 


31.79 


36.49 
40 


40  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  aet  and  new  law — Continued. 


Bates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law. 


New  law. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKiu-     New 
ley  law.      law. 


Schedule  B.— Earths,  Earehen- 
WARE.  AND  Glas.swaee— Continued. 
Plate  glass,  cast,  polished,  silvered, 
when  ground,  obscured,  frosted, 
sanded,  enameled,  beveled,  etch- 
ed, embossed,  engraved,  stained, 
colored,  or  otherwise  ornamented 
or  decorated : 
Not    exceeding    16   by  24  inches 

square '...sq.  ft.. 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not 

exceeding  24  by  30  inches..sq.  ft. . 

Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not 

exceeding     24    by     60    inches 

sq.  ft 


Ail  above  24  by 60 inches sq.ft... 

Plate  glass,  cast,  polished,  unsil- 
vered,  when  groimd,  obscured 
frosted,  sanded,  enameled,  bev- 
eled, etched,  embossed,  engraved, 
stained,  colored,  or  otherwise  or- 
namented or  decorated : 
Not  exceeding  16   by    24   inches 

square sq.  ft... 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not 

exceeding  24  by  30  inches..sq.  ft... 

Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not 

exceeding  24  by  CO  inches  .sq.  f  t. . . 


All  above  24  by  60  inches... sq.  ft... 

Spectacles  and  eyeglasses,  or  spec- 
tacles and  eyeglass  frames gross... 

Lenses  costing  $1..50  per  gross  pairs, 
or  less gross  pairs... 

Spectacle  and  eyeglass  lenses  with 
their  edges  ground  or  beveled  to 
fit  frames gross.. 

Stained  or  painted  window  glass 
and  stained  or  painted  glass  win- 
dows, and  hand,  pocket,  or  table 
mirrors  not  exceeding  in  size  144 
square  inches,  with  or  without 
frames  or  cases,  of  whatever  ma- 
terial composed 

(a)  Lenses  of  glass  or  pebble,  wholly, 
or  partly  manufactured,  and  not 
specially  provided  for,  and  fusi- 
ble euamel 

Marble    and    stone,  and    manufac- 
tures of  marble : 
In  blocks,  rough  or  squared,  of 
all  kinds cu.  ft... 


Veined  marble,  sawed,  dressed,  or 
other  wise. including  marble  slabi 
and  marblepaviugtiles...cu.  ft.. 

All  manufactures  of,  not  espe- 
cially provided  for 

Clocks,  marble,  chief  value 


6  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
10  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 

35  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
60  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

ana  10  p.  c. 


5  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  c.  p. 
8  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
25  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
50  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
60per  ctnt 


.do. 


.do. 


45  percent. 


65  cents    per 
cubic  foot. 


6  c.  p.  sq.  ft, 
and  10  p.  c. 

10  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 
and  10  p.  c. 

23  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
38  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 


5  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  c.  p. 
8  c.  p.  sq.   ft. 

and  10  p.c. 
23  C.  p.  sq.  ft. 

and  10  p.  c. 
38  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 

aud  10  p.  c. 
40  percent 


35  per  cent. 


.do. 


.do. 


50    cents    per 
cubic  foot. 


$1.10  per  cu-     85   cents    per 
bic  foot.        !      cubic  foot. 


I  per  cent 45  per  cent. 


.do I  25  per  cent. 


Per  ct.  1  Fer  c(, 
14.80         14.80 


29.54 


20.55 
39.48 


24.52 

30.98 

65.32 

51.95 

60 

00 


00 


TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  41 

Coiiij'arisou  of  rates  of  dulUs  between  McKlnJey  Act  and  new  /aw.— Continued. 


Schedule      B— Eakth.      Eaethfn- 
■WAEE,  AND  Glassware—  Contiimed. 

Frei'stoue,  grauite,  saudstoue, 
liuKStone.  and  other  l.mildiug 
or  ]i;fummei)tal  stone,  exceijt 
marble,  not  spociallv  t)rovided 
for— 
Undressed  or   mannfactnred 

cu.ft 

Hewn,  dressed,  or  poli'-bed 

Grindstones,   finished  or  nntin- 

ished tons... 

Slates,  slate  chimney  pieces, 
mantels,  slabs  for  tables,  and 
all  other  mannfactnres  of  slate  .. 

Slate  roofing 

Total  Schedule  B,  earths, 
earthenware,  and  glass- 
ware   


SCHEDTLTIE     C— !^IeTALS    AND    MANU- 
FACTURES  OF. 


[ron  ores . 

All  otuer  ore tons...'  75   cents 

[ron  in  pigs,  kentledge,  spiegcleiseu,  j      ton. 
ferromangaue.se,  and  ferrosilicon : 


Eatcs  of  duty  under- 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKinley  law.  i       New  law. 


JMcKin. 

jley  law, 


New 
law. 


11  c.  p.  cu.  ft.      7  c.  per  cu.  ft. 
40  per  cent ]  .SO  percent 


$1.75  per  ton 


10  percent. 


Per  cf. 
34.41 
40 


30  percent 20percent. 

25  percent \ do 


40  cents 
ton. 


Ferrosilicon tons... 

Spiegeleisen     and     ferromanga- 

ne&e tons... 

All  other tons... 

Scrap  iron  and  steel,  waste  or  re- 
fuse, fit  only  to  be  remanufac- 
tured  : 

Iron,  wroiight  and  cast tons... 

Steel tons...! 

Bar  iron,  rolled  or  hammered,  com-  j 


*6.72  per  ton..'  $4  per  ton 


$6.72  per  ton ..'  .*4  per  ton 


.do... 


prising—  I 

Flats  not   less  than  1  inch  wide  j 
ncr  less  than  %  of  one   inch  ! 

thick lbs...]  8-10  c.per  lb. 

i-    of  I 


Round  iron  not  less  than  ,ii  of 
1  inch  in  diameter,  and  square 
iron  not  less  than  %  of  1  inch 

square lbs.. 

Flats  less  than  1  inch  wide  or 
less  than  %  of  1  inch  thick; 
round  iron  less  than  %  of  1 
inch  and  not  less  than  7-16  of 
1  inch  in  diameter :  anrl  square 
iron    lesH    than    %    of    1    inch 

square lbs... 

Bars  or  shapes  of  rolled  iron  not  spti-  j 
cially  provide.  I  for.  and  round  iron  ' 
in  coils  or  rods,  less  than  7-16  of  1  i 

inch  in  diameter lbs... 

Bars,    blooms,   ]<illets,    or    sizes    or  [ 
shapes  of  any  kind,  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  which  charcoal  is  used  as  ; 
fuel tons...' 


9-10  c.  per  lb. 


1  cent  per  lb. 


.do. 


-10  c.  per  lb.. 


.do 


.do. 


1  l-lOc.perlb.     8-10  c.  per  lb. 


Per  cl. 
21.89 
30 


per  ]     42.70 


25.54 
40.94 


47.83 
43 


$22  per  ton $12  per  ton. 


35.21 


22.77 


15.44 
24.37 


28.47 
25.59 


27.22 


31.58 


44.93 


42 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Co7nparison  of  rates  of  ihdiis  hciircm  McKinhy  act  and  new  laie — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKinley  law. 

1 
New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  C— Metals  and  Manufac 

TCRES  OF.— Continued. 

All    other,    and    slabs,    blooms,    or 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

looi)S lbs... 

35  per  cent 

5-10  c.  per  lb.. 

35 

8.29 

Beaiijs,  girders,  joists,  angles,  chan- 

nels, car-truck  channels,   TT   col- 

uuins  and  posts,  or  parts  or  sec- 
tions of  columns  and  posts,  deck 
and    bulb    beams,    and     building 

forms,  together  with  all  other  struc- 

' 

tural  shapes,  of  iron  or  steel...  lbs... 

9-10  c.  per  lb... 

6-10  c.per  lb... 

74.64 

49.76 

Boiler  or  other  plate,   iron  or  steel 

( except  sa\\pla+es)  not  thinner  than 

No.  10  wire   gauge,  sheared  or  un- 

sheared,  and  skelp  iron  or  steel, 

sheared  or  rolled  in  grooves  : 

Valued    above    1    cent    and  not 

above   1  4-10  cents  per  pound. 

lbs                       

65-100  c.  per  lb.. 

do 

49  47 

45  & 

Valued    above    1  4-10  cents  and 

not  above  2  cents  per  pound. 

lbs 

8.10  c.  per  lb... 

30  per  cent 

54  35 

30 

Valued    above    2    cents  and  not 

above  3  cents  per  potmd lbs... 

Valued  above    3    cents   and  not 

1  1-10  c. per  lb. 

do 

30 

above  4  cents  per  pound lbs... 

1  5-10  c.per  lb. 

do 

40.58 

30 

Valued    above    4    cents  and  not 

above  7  cents  per  pound lbs... 

2  c.  per  lb 

25  per cent 

37.77 

25 

Valued    above    7    cents  and  not 

above  10  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 
Valu'-d   above    10  cents  and  not 

2  8-10  c.  per  lb. 

do 

31  02 

25 

abo-\  e  13  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

3K  c.  per  lb... 

do 

32.03 

25 

Valued  above  13  cents  per  pound. 

lbs 

45  per  cent 

..   ..do ■. 

25 

Forgrngs  of  iron  or  steel,  or  forged 

iron  and  steel  combined,  not  spe- 
ciallv  provided  for lbs... 

2  3-10  c.per  lb. 

13.;^  c.per  lb.  (a) 

44.95 

29.3 

Hoop.  1  and  or  scroll,  or  other  iron 

or    steel,    valued    at   3  cents    per 

pound  or  less,  8  inches  or  less  in 

1 

width,  and  less  than  3-8  of  an  inch 

1 

thick: 

1 

Not    thinner    than    N".    ]0  wire 

1 

gauge lbs... 

1  c.  per  lb  

1  30  per  cent.... 

1     45  70 

30 

Ihinner    than   No.    10    and    not 

1 

thinner     than     No.    20     wire 

1 

gau^e lbs 

1  1-10  c.per  lb. 

!        do 

41  41 

30 

Thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gauge. 

lbs 

1  1  3-10  c.  i)erlb 

i do 

49.52 

30 

Bars  or  rails  for  railways  : 

! 
1 

Flat  rails  punched — 

Iron  or  steel tons.. 

f  13.44  per  ton. 

1  7-20  c.per  lb.. 

44.38 

25.8 

T  rails  and  other  railway  bars- 

Iron tons.. 

do 

do 

50.09 

29.2 

Steel  or  in  part  of  steel     tons 

'        do 

do 

58.24 

33  1 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  48 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  hctwecn  McKinley  act  and  new  law — Continued. 


Schedule  C— Metals  and  MANtiFAO- 
TUKES  OF — Continued. 

Sheets  of  ivon   or  steel,  common  or 
black,    inchicliug    iron     or     steel 
known  as  common  or  black  taggers' 
iron   or  sttel.   and   skelp    iron  or 
sfeel,  valued  at  3  cents  per  pound 
or  less: 
Thinner  than  No.  10  and  not  thin- 
ner than  No.  20wiregauge..lbs... 
Thinner    than    No.  20    and    not 
thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Corrugated  or  crimped lbs... 

Sheets  or  plates  of  iron  or  steel  (ex- 
cepting  what  are  commercially 
kuo\\  u  as  tin  plates,  tcrne  plates, 
and  taggers'  tin),  galvanized  or 
coated  with  zinc  or  spelter, or  other 
metals,  or  any  alloy  of  these  met- 


Thinuer  than    No.    10    and    not 
thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Thinner    than    No.    20,  and  not 
thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Sheets  and  plates  pickled  or  cleaned 

by  acid  or  by  any  other  material  or 

process,  and'  cold  rolled,  smoothed 

not  polished: 

Thinner   than  No.   10  and  not 

thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Thinner    than    No.    20    and  not 
thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge, 

lbs 

Sheet  iron  or  sheet  steel  polished, 

planished  or  glanced lbs.. 

Tin  plates:  (a)  Sheets  or  plates  of 
iron  or  steel,  or  taggers  iron,  or 
steel  coated  with  tin  or  lead,  or 
with  a  U'ixture  of  which  these  met- 
als are  a  component  part,  by  the 
dipping  or  any  other  process,  and 
commercially  known  as  tin  plates, 
terne  plates  and  taggers'  tin — 
Lighter  than  63  pounds  per   100 

square  feet lbs.. 

Another lbs.. 

Tin.  uianufaotures  of : 

All   manufactures  of,  not  speci- 
ally provided  for 

Foil.: 


EateB  of  duty  nnder- 


McKinley  law.       New  law. 


1  c.  per  lb. 


1  1-10  c.  per  lb. 


1  4-10  c.  per  lb. 
do 


1%  c.  per  lb... 

185-lOOc.perlb. 
215-lOOc.perlb. 


1}4  c.  per  lb. 


1  35-100  c.  per 

lb. 
1  65-100  c.  per 

lb. 
2V2  c.  per  lb.. 


7-10  c.  per  lb. 


8-10  c.  per  lb. 


1  1-10  c.  per  lb, 
do 


95-100  c.  per  lb. 

1  5-100  c.  per  lb. 
1 35-100  c.per  lb. 


825-1000  c.  per 
lb. 

925-1000  c.per 

Ih. 
1    225-1000    c. 

per  lb. 
iVi  c.  per  lb.. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


2  2-10  c.per  lb. i  1  l-Sc.perlb. 

'to ; '1- I 


5  percent ,  35  percent. 

...do ' do 


New 
law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

Per  ct. 
48.90 

Per  ct. 
34.23 

39.46 

28.69 

70.24 
25.24 

55.19 
19.83 

40.48 

21.97 

72.70 

41-26 

49 

30.76 

34.73 

22.92 

44.40 

30.46 

72.79 

64.  f  4 

45.93 

32.15 

78.44 
73.20 

42.32 
39.86 

55 
55 

35 
35 

44  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  hetireea  McKiuley  act  and  new  law — Continued. 


Eates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

ScHDtTLE  C— Metals  and  Mantjfac- 

TUKES  OF — Continued. 

Steel  ingrots,  cogged  ingots,  blooms, 

and    slabs,    by    wLatever    process 

made;  die  blocks  or  blanks;  billets 

and  bars  and   tapered  or  beveled 

bars;     steamer,    crank    and    other 

shafts;  shafting;    wrist    or    crank 

pins;    connecting  rods    and     pis- 

ton    rods;      pressed,    sheared    or 

stamped  shapes;  hammer  molds  or 

swaged  steel;  gun-barrel  molds  not 

in  bars;  alloys  used  as  substitutes 

for  steel  tools;  all  descriptions  and 

shapes  of  dry  sand,  loam,  or  iron- 
molded  steel  castings;  and  steel  in 

all  forms  and  shapes  not  specially 

pro-v'ided  for: 

Valued  at  1   cent  per  pound  or 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

less lbs... 

4-10  c.  per  lb... 

3-lOc.per  lb... 

50.48 

37.86 

Valued  at  1  cent  and  not  above  1 

4-10  cents  per  poiind lbs... 

5-lOc.per  Ib- 

4-lOc.per  lb... 

39.06 

31.25 

Valued  above  1  4-10  cents  and  not 

above    1  8-10  cents  per  pound. 

lbs 

S-lOcper  lb... 

6-lOc.per  lb... 

52.76 

39.57 

Valued  above  1  8-10  cents  and  not 

above  2  2-10  cents  per  pound 

lbs 

9-10  c.  per  lb... 

7-10  c.  per  lb... 

44.68 

34.76 

Valued  above  2  2-10  cents  and  not 

above  3  cents  per  pound lbs... 

1 2-10  c.  per  lb.. 

9-10  c.per  lb... 

43.11 

32.33 

Vahied   above   3    cents    and  not 

above  4  cents  per  pound lbs... 

1  6-10  c.  per  lb.. 

1  2-10  c.  per  lb.. 

41.54 

31.16 

Valued   above    4    cents  and  not 

above  7  cents  per  pound lbs... 

2  0.  per  lb 

1  3- 10c.  perlb. 

35.64 

23.16 

Valued    above    7  cents  and  not 

above  10  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

2  8-10 c.  per  lb.. 

19-10  c.per  lb. 

30.36 

20.60 

Valued  above   10   cents  and  not 

above  13  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

3Xc.  per  lb... 

2  4-10 c.per  lb. 

30.07 

20.62 

Valued  above   13   cents  and  not 

above  16  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 

4  2-10  c.  per  lb.. 

2  8-lOc.perlb.. 

29.38 

19.58 

Valued  above  IG  cents  per  pound. 

lbs 

7  c.  per  lb 

4  7-10  c.  perlb. 

30.75 

20.65 

Sheets  and  plates  and  saw  plates  of 

steel,  not  specially  provided  for; 

Valued  above    1    cent    and    not 

above  1  4-10  cents  per  pound, 

lbs 

5-10  c.  per  lb... 

4-10  c.  perlb... 

42.91 

34.33 

Valued  above  1  4-10  centsand  not 

above  1  8-10  cents  per  pound, 

lbs 

8-10  c.  perlb... 

6-10  c.  perlb... 

48.11 

36.  C8 

Valued  ubov.-  1  8-10  cents  and  not 

above  2  2-10  cents  per   pound. 

lbs 

9-10  c.  perlb... 

7-10  c.  perlb... 

41.45 

32.24 

Valued  above  2  2-10  cents  and  not 

above  3  <euts  per  pound lbs... 

12-lOc.perlb.. 

9-10  c.  perlb... 

43.33 

32.50 

Valued    above    3    cents  and  not 

above  4  ceutsper  pound lbs... 

1  6-10  c.  per  lb.. 

1  2-lOc.perlb.. 

49.48 

37.11 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  45 

A  comparison  of  raU'x  ofduttcs  bctwe'a  McK'mleu  (id  and  new  htn'. — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under - 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


iMcKinlev  law.  I      New  law. 


IMcKin. 
[ley  law. 


Schedule  C— Metals  and  manufac- 

Tt'KEs  OF — Coutiuued.  i 

Sheets  and   plates  and  saw  jjlates  of  | 

steel,  uot  specially  provided  for—  ! 

Continued. 

Valued    above    4    cents  and  not  | 

above  7  cents  per  poxmd lbs...i  2  c.  per  lb 

A^ahied    above  7    cents  and  not 

above  10  cents  per  pound.,  lbs... i  28-10  c.  per  lb. 
Valued  above   10  cents  and  not  \ 

above  13  cents  per  pound. ..lbs...    3}-j  c.  per  lb.. 
Valued  above   13  cents  and  not 

above  16  cents  per  pound. ..lbs...    '12-lOc.  per  lb. 
Valued      above     1*5      cents     per 

pound lbs...    7  c.  per  lb 

"Wire  rods:  {a)  I 

Eivet.    screw,  fence,    and  other  1 
iron  or  steel  wire  rods,  whether 
round,  oval,  flat,  sqiiare.  or  in  j 
any  other  shape,   in    coils    or  I 
otherwise,  not  smaller  than  No. 
6  wire  gauge,  valued  at  3}-<  cents 

or  less  per  pound. lbs...    61-10  c.  per  lb 

Flat  iron  or  steel  with  longitudi- 
nal ribs,  tor  the  manufacture  of 
fencing,    valued    at   3   cents  or 

less  per  pound Ibs.-.j do 

Wire  cf  iron  or  steel: 

Flat  steel  wire  or  sheet  steel  in  | 
strips  of  any  width,  wheiher  i 
drawn  through  dies  or  rolls,  1 
untempered  or  tempered,  25-  [ 
lOOOth  of  an  inch  thicK  or  thin-  i 

ner lbs...{  50 per  cent 

Not  smaller    than    No.    10  wire 

guage lbs...    l}^  c.  per  lb.. 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not 
smaller  than  No.  16  wire  guage,  [ 

lbs 1%  c.  per  lb.. 

Smaller  than  No.  16  and  not 
smaller  than  No.  1.6  wire  gauge  i 

lbs 23^0.  per  lb., 

Smaller  than  No.  26  wire  gauge, 

lbs 3  c.  per  lb 

Coated  with  zinc  or  tin  or  any  i 
other  metal  (except  fence  wire  i 
and    iron    or    steel,   flat,    with  \ 
longitudinal  ribs,  for  the  mau- 
itfacture  of  fencing)—  ! 

Not  smaller  than  No.  10  wire 

gauge lbs...    ly.i  c.  p  rib. 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and   not  \  f 

smaller    than  No.    16  wirt;  j 

gauge lbs...    2^  c.  per  lb. 

Smaller     than    No.    26    wire  ! 

gauge lbs... I  3J^  c.  per  lb. 

Wire  of  iron  or  steel,  covered  with  I 
cotton,  sdk,  or  other  material,  and  j 
wires  or  strip  steel  commonly  > 
known  as  crinoline,  c  rset  and  hat  1 
■wire lbs...:  5  c.  per  lb.... 


13-10  c.  per  lb.. I 

19-lOc.  per  lb.  i 

i 

2  4-10  c.  per  lb..' 

2  8-10  c.  per  lb.. 

47-10  c.  per 'b.. 


4-10  c.  per  lb.., 
4-10  c.  per  lb.. 


40  per  cent 

1}^  c.  per  lb... 


Now 
law. 


Per  ct.    Per  ct. 
31.71  20.61 


33.26  I       22.57 
31        i       21.30 


2  c.  per  lb. 
do 


l|i   c.  per  lb.. 

IJ^  c.  per  lb.. 
40  per  cent... 


29.81 
24.78 


\}i  c.  per  lb...;     48.77 


93.25 
15.75 


40  i)er  cent. 


22.70 


50  40 

32.54  i       32.54 


45.95  I       30.63 
26.03  i       17.39 


34.28 


65.50 
40 


40 


46 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Comparison  of  rates  awl  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


Schedule  C— Metals  and  mantttac- 
TUEES  OF — Continued. 

Wire  of  iron  or  steel,  valued  at  more 
than  4  cents  per  pound  (on  which 
the  specific  duty  does  not  amount 

to  45  per  centj lbs.. 

Do.,  galvanized lbs.. 

Wire,  card,   for  the  manufacture  of 

card  clothing lbs.. 

Wire  rope  and  wire  strand  : 
Made  of  Iron  wire — 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not 
smaller   than    No.    16  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than   No.  16  and  not 
smaller    tnan    No.   26  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller    than    No.    26     wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller     than     No    26   wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Galvanized— 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and 
not  smaller  than  No.   16 

wire  gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than  No.  16  and 
not  smaller  than  No.  26 

wire  gauge lbs.. 

Sujaller  than  No.  26  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than  No.  26  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Made  of  steel  wire^ 

Not  smaller  than  No.  10  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not 
smaller    than   No.    16  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than  No.  16  and  not 
smaller  than    No.   26  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Smaller    than    No.     26   wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Galvanized— 

Not  smaller  than  No.  10 

wire  gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than  No.    10  and 
not  smaller  than  No.  16 

wire  gauge lbs.. 

Smaller  than  No.   16  and 
not  smaller  than  No.  26 

wire  gauge lbs. . 

Smaller  than  No.  26  wire 
gauge lbs.. 


Rates  of  duty  under-  t>?emf;nTer- 


McKinleylaw.i      New  law.       f^^l^l]    f^^w 


45  per  cent.. 
45  per  cenl^] 
3^0.  per  lb. 


35  per  cent. 


2%  c.  per  lb. 

i}i  c.  per  lb. 
4  c.  per  lb... 


45  per  cent-|- 
1  c.  per  lb 


3)^  c.  per  lb... 

3M  <^-  per  lb... 

4K  c.  per  lb... 

45  per  cent-;- 
\}i  c.  per  lb... 

^K  c.  per  lb... 


Z%  c.  per  lb. 

4x4'  c.  per  lb.. 
5  c.  per  lb.... 


Z%c.  per  lb... 
4>^  c.  per  lb. 


.do 
.do. 


2}i  c  per  lb. 


2Kc.  per  lb... 
3  c.  per  lb 


2K  c.  per  lb...' 


1  cent  per  Ib.l 

and  40  per  ct. 

do 


.do 


1  cent  per  lb. 
and  40  per  ct. 


^%  c  per  lb... 
5}4  c  per  lb. 


.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
..do. 


Perct. 
45 
54 

Perd. 
40 
40 

35 

40 

73.94 

60.49 

57.56 

44.27 

26.50 

19.87 

61.74 

52.26 

88.85 

68.35 

53.60 

55 

86.72 

59.27 

63.86 

52.57 

66.' 8 

60.61 

57.02 

55.20 

47.66 

51.21 

13.67 

42.79 

80.65 

61.51 

77.40 
80.84 


TARIFF    SCIIEDILES.  47 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duty  between  McKinleu  act  and  the  new  law. — Contimiod. 


Kates  of  duty  iiuder- 


McKinley  law.       New  law. 


45  p.  C.-I-2  cts 
per  pound. 


3}i  c.  per  11) 


434'cts.-|-Kct 
per  pound. 


Schedule  C. — Metals  and   Manufac- 
tures OF — Coutintied. 

Wire  rope  and  wire  strand— Cont'd 
Not  smaller  than  No.  5 
wire  grange,  cold-rolled, 
cold-banniiered,  or  pol- 
ished in  addition  to  the 
ordinary  process  of  hot 
rolling    or    hammering 

lbs....:: 

Wire  dotirs  and  wire  nettings,  made 
meshes  of  any  form,  from  iron  or 
steel  wire — 
Not    smaller    than    No.    10  wire 

gauge lbs.. 

Galvanized — 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not 
smaller  No.   16  wire  gaxige 

lbs 

Steel   ingot  ,  cogged  ingots,  blooms 
and    slabs,   by    whatever    process 
made;  die  blocks  or  blanks:  billets 
and  bars  and  tapered  or  beveled  i 
bars;    steamer,    crank    and    other 
shafts;    shafting;    wrist    or    crank  I 
pins;  connecting  rods  and  piston  j 
rods;  pressed,  sheared,  or  stamped 
shapes;  hammer  molds  or  swaged 
steel;     gun-barrel    molds,    not    in 
bars;  alloys  used  as  substitutes  for 
steel    tools;    all   descriptions    and 
shapes  of  dry-sand,  loam,  or  iron- 
molded   steel  castings;    and    steel 
in      all     forms     and     shapes    not 
specially  provided  for,  cold-rolled, 
cold-hammered,  or  polished  in  any 
way  in  addition  to    the   ordinary 
process  of  hut-rolling  or  hammer-  j 
ing:  i 

\alued  above  7  cents    and    not  i 

above  10  cents  per  poiind...lbs...]  28-10  c. 
Valued  above   13  cents  and  not       per  pound. 

above  16  cents  per  pound. ..lbs... 
Valued  above  16  cents  per  pound 

lbs 

Boiler  or  other  plate  iron  or  steel  Tex-' 
cept  saw  plates),  not  thiuu  r  than  < 
No.  10  wire   gauge,  .sheared  or  un-  | 
sheared,  aud  skelp  iron   or   steel,  j 
sheared  or  rolled  in  grooves,  cold-  [ 
rolled,  cold-hammered,  or  polished 
in  addition  to  the  ordinary  process 
of  hot  rolling  or  hammering- 
Valued  above  2  cents   aud   not  | 
above  3  cents  per  pound lbs...| 


2-10  c.  per  lb., 
per  lb 


Valued  above  3  cents  and  not 
above  4  cents  per  pound 
lbs 


ll-10c.-;->^c. 
per  pound. 


1  5-10  e.  -;-)ic, 
per  pound. 


40  per  cent. 


1  cent  per  lb. 
and  40  per  ct 


.\v3raTo    adva- 
lorum  under 


1  9-10  c  per  lb. 

2  8-10  c.  per  lb. 
4  7- 10 c.  peril).. 


35  per  cent. 


35  per  cent. 


Mc  Kin- 
ley  law. 

New 
law. 

Per  ct. 
96.15 

Per  ct. 
40 

79.30 

64.40 

24.84 

44.97 

36.63 

22.75 

29.41 

18.51 

25.85 

16.76 

55.81 

35 

48 

35 

48  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  hehceen  McKinley  act  and  new  I  m . — Continaea. 


1 
Rates  of  duty  under — 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin.y 

eylaw.l 

New 
law. 

SOHEDTTLE    C— MeTALS    AND  MANUFAC- 

1 

TTJEES  OF— Continiied. 

Sheets  of  iron  or  steel,  common  or 

black,    including    iron    or    steel 

known  as  common  or  black  tag- 

gers' iron  or  steel,  and  skelp  iron 

or  steel,   valued  at   3  cents  per 

pound  or  less,  cold-rolled,  cold- 

hammered,   or    polished    in  any 

waj'  in  addition  to  the  ordinary 

process  of  hot  rolling  or  hammer- 

ing- 

Thinner  than  No.   10  and  not 

thinner    than     No.    20    wire 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

gauge lbs... 

\}i  c.  per  lb... 

.825  c.per  lb... 

41.70 

27.52 

Thinner  than  No.  20  and  not 

thinner    than    No.    25    wire 

gauge lbs... 

1.35  c.  per  lb... 

.925  c.per  lb... 

55.61 

38.10 

Thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge 

lbs 

1.65  c.  per  lb... 

1.225  c.  per  lb.. 

79.47 

58.99 

Sheets  and  plates  and  saw  plates  of 

steel,  not  specially  provided  for, 

cold-rolled,    cold-hammered,    or 

polished  in  any  way  in  addition 

to  the  ordinary   process  of   hot 

rolling  or  hammering- 

Valued  above  16  cents  per  lb. 

lbs 

1  c.+}4  c.per 
pound. 

4  7-10  c.per  lb.. 

31.19 

20.22 

Sheets  and  plates  and  saw  idates  of 

steel,  not  specially  provided  for. 

cold  -  rolled,      cold  -  hammered, 

blued,  brightened,  tempered,  or 

polished  by  any  proce  s  to  such 

perfected  surface  finish  or  polish 
better    than   the  grade  of  cold- 

rolled,  smooth  only,  hereinbefore 

provided  for— 

Valued  above  4  cents  and  not 

above  7  cents  per  pouud..lbs... 

2  c.  +  13-4^  c. 

13-10  c.per  lb.. 

50.11 

20.04 

Valued  above  7  cents  and  not 

per  pound. 

above  10  cents  per  pound..lbs... 

28-10c.  +  l>^c. 

1 9-10  c.  per  lb. 

51.48 

24.14 

Valued  above  10  cents  and  not 

per  pound. 

above  13  cents  per  pound..lbs... 

33^  c.  +  \}i  c. 

2  4-10  c.per  lb.. 

42.34 

21.39 

Valued  above  13  cents  and   not 

per  pound. 

above  16  cents  per  pound. .lbs... 

42-10c.  +  13^c. 
per  pound. 

2  8-10  c.  per  lb.. 

35.05 

18.00 

Valued  above  16  cents  per  pound 

lbs 

7   c.-l-lj^  c. 
per  pound. 

4  7-10  c.per  lb.. 

15  33 

8.74 

Steel  circnlar-saw  plates- 

■ 

Valued  above  4  cents  and  not 

above  7  cents  per  pound. .lbs... 

3  c.  per  lb 

1  3-10  c.jH  rib.. 

50.81 

22.01 

Valued  above  7   cents  and  not 

above  10  cents  per  pound. .lbs... 

3  8-10  c.per  lb.. 

1  9-10  c.  per  lb.. 

39.48 

19.74 

Vah;ed  above  10  cents  and  not 

above  13  cents  per  pound. .lbs... 

43^  c.  per  lb... 

2  4-10  c.  per  lb.. 

35  99 

19.20 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES. 


49 


Comparison  of  rates  of  dutUs  heiicecn  McKinley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


SCHEDUI.E  C— Metals  and  manufac- 
tures OF— Continued. 

Anchors  or  parts  tliereof,  mill  irons 
and  mill  cranks,  of  wrought  iron, 
and  ^Yro^<Jht  iron  for  ships,  and 
forgings  of  iron  or  steel,  for  ves- 
sels, steam  engines,  and  locomo- 
tives,  or  parts  thereof,    weighing 

each  25  pounds  or  more lbs... 

Axles  or  parts  thereof,  axle  bars,  axle 
blanks,  or  forgings  for  axles,  of  iron 
or  steel,  without  reference  to  the 
stage  or  state  of  manufacture  (a) 

lbs 

Anvils lbs... 

Hammers  and  sledges  (blacksmiths'), 
track  tools,  wedges,  and  crowbars, 

of  iron  or  steel..... lbs... 

Tubes,  pipes,  fliies.  or  stays,  boiler 
or  other,  of  wrought  iron  or  steel 

lbs 

Bolts,  with  or  without  threads  or 
nuts,  or  bolt  blanks,  and  finished 
hinges  or  hinge  blanks  of  iron   or 

steel lbs... 

Nuts  and  washers  of  wrought  iron  or 

steel lbs... 

Card  clothing : 

Manufactured     from     tempered 

steel  wire sq.  ft... 

Other sq.ft... 

Castings: 

Cast-iron  pipe  of  every  descrip- 
tion  lbs... 

Cast-iron  vessels,  plates,  stove 
plates,  andirons,  sad  irons, 
tailors'  irons,  and  hatters'  irons, 
and  castings  of  iron  not  spec- 
ially provided  for lbs... 

Malleable-iron  castings,  not  spec- 
ially provided  for lbs... 

Hollow  ware,  coated,   glazed,  or 

tinned lbs... 

Chain  or  chains  of  all  kinds,  made  of 
iron  or  steel : 
Not  less  than  %  of  1  inch  in  diam- 
eter   lbs... 

Less  than  %  of  1  inch  and  not 
less  than  %  of  1  inch  in  diame- 
ter   lbs... 

Less  than  %  of  1  inch  in  diame- 
ter   lbs... 

Other lbs... 

Cutlery  : 

(a)  Penknives  or  pocket  knives  of 

all  kinds,  or  parts  thereof,  and 

erasers,  or  parts  thereof,  wholly 

or  partly  manufactured— 

Valued  at  not  more   than  50 

cents  per  dozen doz... 


Bates  of  duty  under- 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKinley  law 


1 8-10  c.  per  lb. 


2  c.  per  lb 

2li  c.  per  lb  .. 


2}i  c.  per  lb  ... 
23^  c.  per  lb.., 

1}i  c.  per  lb  ... 
do 


50c.  per  sq.  ft. 
25c.  per  sq.  ft. 


9-10  c.  per  lb.. 

1  2-10  c.  per  lb.. 
1%  c.  per  lb  ... 
3  c.  per  lb 


16-10  c.  per  lb. 


1  8-10  c.  per  lb. 

2Kc.  per  lb  ... 
45  per  cent 


12  c.  per  doz. 
and  50  p.  ct. 


New  law. 


1 2-10  c.  per  lb. 


1}4  c.  per  lb 
\%  c.  per  lb 


\li  c.  per  lb 
25  percent... 


IJi  c.  per  lb 
25  percent... 


40  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 
20  c.  p.  sq.  ft. 


6-10  c.  per  lb. 

8-10  c.  per  lb 
9-10  c.  per  lb 
2  c.  per  lb 


per  cent. 


-do. 


25  per  cent  .. 
12  c.per  doz. 
and  25  p.ct. 


McKin- 
ley law. 


Perct. 
32.95 


27.35 
39.04 


36.50 
10.18 


31.88 
26.35 


58.10 
25.92 


26.97 
31.83 
35.33 


51.84 
45 


79.72 


50  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Coinparl-fon  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  iwr  lai>\ — Continued. 


Kates  of  diity  \inder- 
McKinley  law.       New  law. 


Average  adval- 
orem  under— 


ScKEDiLE  C— Metals  and  Manufac- 
TCBES  OF — Continued.  j 

Valued  at  more  x.x.ri  :,?    • 
p^r  n  .7.fn  and   uut  e:,     •, 
iug  fsl.50  per  dozen..  ..loz.. 

Valued  at  more  than  ^-l.SO 
per  dozen  and  not  exceed- 
ing $3  per  doz doz.. 

Valued  at  more  than  $3  per 

doz doz.. 

Eazors  and  razor  blades,  finished 
or  unfinished — 
Valued  at  less  than  ^4   per 
dozen doz.. 

Valued  at  $4  or  more  per 
dozen doz... 

Swords,  sword  blades,  and  side  arms. 
Table  knives,  forks,  steels,  and  all 
butchers',  bunting,  kitchen,  bread, 
vegetable,  fruit,  cheese,  plumbers', 
painters',  palette,  and  artists' knives 
of  all  sizes,  finished  or  unfinished: 
Valued  at  not  more  than  f  1  per 

dozen  pieces doz.... 

Valued  at  more  than  ^1  and  not 
more  than  ^2  per  dozen  pieces 

doz 

Valued  at  more  than  $2  and  not 
more  than  f3  per  dozen  pieces 

doz 

Valued  at  more  than  $3  and  not 
more  than  $8  per  dozen  pieces 

doz  

Valued    at    more  than  $8    per 

dozen  pieces doz... 

All   carving  and   cooks'  knives  and 
forks  of  all  sizes,  finished  or 
unfinished — 
Valued  at  not  more  than  ^4  per 

dozen  pieces  doz... 

Valued  at  more  than  f  4  and  not 
more  than  $'.8  per  dozen  pieces 

doz 

Valued  at  more  than  (s8  and  not 
more    than    #12    per    dozen 

pieces doz... 

Valued   at   more  than   $12  per 

dozen  pieces doz... 

Files,  file  blanks,  rasps,  and  floats  of 
all  cuts  and  kinds: 
4  inches  in  leugtli  and  under..doz... 
Over  4  inches  in  length  and  un- 
der 9  inches doz. ..I 

Files,  file-blanks,  rasps,  and  floats  of 
all  cuts  aud  kinds— Ccmtinued. 
9  inches  in  length  and  under   14 
inches doz...    $1.30  per  doz.. 


50  c.  per  doz. 
and  50  p.  ct. 

f  1  per  dozen 
and  50  p.  ct. 

$2  per  dozen 
and  50  p.  ct. 


$1  per  dozen 
and  30  p.  ct. 

.f  1.75  per  doz. 
aud  30  p.  ct. 
35  percent 


10  c.  per  doz. 
aud  30  p.ct. 

35  c.  per  doz. 
and  30  p.  ct. 

40  c.  per  doz. 
and  30  p.  ct. 

$1  per  dozen 
and  30  p.  ct. 

^2  per  dozen 
and  30  p.  ct. 


$1  per  dozen 
and  30  p.  ct. 

$2  per  dozen 
aud  30  p.  ct. 

f;3  per  dozen 
and  30  p.  ct. 

•t5  per  dozen 
and  30  p.  ct. 

35  c.  per  doz.. 

75  c.  per  doz.. 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.  I    law. 


^  25  c.per  doz. 
1  and  25  p.ct. 
1  40  c.  per  doz. 
and  25  p.ct. 
75  c.  per  doz. 
and  25  p.  ct. 

50  percent 

45i:percent 

do 

35  percent 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


45  per  cent 
do 


35  percent. 
45  per  cent. 


.do. 
.do. 


35  c.  per  doz. 
60  c.  per  doz. 


ijl  per  doz. 


96.17 
94.47 

86.95 


62.74  ;       45- 
35        I       35 


}  61.94 


47.64 
52.99 


51. e 


74.46 

60.97 

59.83 
58.52 


46.05  I       35 


35 

45 

45 
45 

67.08 


65.48  j       52.39 
50.97         39.20 


TARIFF   SCUEDULES.  51 

Coinpirkoa  of  ra'e^  of  'luties  between  Mc KM e-j  ad  and  new  law.  —  Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

P  er  ct 
49.76 

64.03 

68.43 

67.99 

80.30 
46.49 
41.10 

45 
50 
23.58 

36.48 

46.43 

36.50 

30.91 
107.15 

19.66 

New 
law. 

ScHEDtJLE  C— Metals  and  maxufac- 
TTJREs  OF—  Continued. 

Files,  fih:-blanks.  &c.— Coii^i-rriod. 
14  iuehos  in  length  auau>fr,  doz.. 
Firearms: 

Mnskets  and  sportin^f  rifles 

$2  per  dozen... 
25  per  cent 

40c.  each  and 
35  per  cent. 

$1    each  and 
35  per  cent. 

fl.  50  each  and 
35  per  cent. 

$4  each  and 
35  per  cent. 

.fe  each  and 
35  per  cent. 

$1   each    and 
35 per  cent. 

45  per  cent 

50  per  cent 

1  c.  per  lb 

4  c.  per  lb 

do 

fl  per  doz 

25  per  cent 

30  per  cent 

do 

Per  ct. 
24.88 

25 

Pistols.  revolving- 
Valued  at  not  more  than  *1.50 
each  number 

30 

Valued  at    more    than    $1.50 

Shotguns,  double-barreled  sport- 
ing, breech-loading— 
Valued  at  not  more  than  $6. 

each No... 

Valued  at  more  than   fe  and 

do 

30 

do 

30 

Valued  at  more  than  $12  each, 
No 

do 

30 

Shotguns, single  barreled, breech- 
loadin"  No 

do 

30 

Sheets  and  plates,  wares  or  articles, 
of  iron  and  steel: 
Enameled  or  glazed  with  vitreous 

35  per  cent 

do 

35 

Enameled  or  glazed  with  vitreous 
glasses    with     more  than     one 

.5 

Nails,  spikes  and  tacks: 

Nails  and  spikes,  cut,  of  iron  or 
steel,  pounds 

Nails,   horseshoe,    hob,    and  all 
other    wrought    iron    or    steel 
nails,  not  specially  provided  for 
lbs 

22}-.1  per  cent... 
30  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

do 

22.5 
30 

Nails,  wire,  made  of  wrought  iron 
or  steel- 
Shorter  than  1  inch  and  light- 
er than  No.  16  wire  gauge, 
lbs 

25 

From  1   inch  to  2  inches  in 
length,  and  lighter  than  No. 
12  and  not  lighter  than  No. 

'2X  c   per  lb 

25 

2  inches  long  and  longer,  not 
lighter    than    No.    12    wire 

do 

25 

Spikes  of  wrought  iron  or  steel... lbs... 

Horse,  mule  or  ox  shoes  of  wrought 

iron  or  steel lbs 

1  8-10  c.  per  lb. 
do 

.   ..do. . 

25 

do 

25 

Tacks,  brads  or  spi'igs,  vut — 

Not   exceeding  16   ounces  to  the 
M 7. M... 

2){  c.  per  M.... 

do.... 

25 

Needles: 

For  ki'itting  or  sewing  machines, 
crochet  and  tape  needles,  and 

do 

35 
25 

Knitting  and  all   others  not  spe- 
cially provided  for 

25  per  cent 

do 

25 

52  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  nii^^i  of  duties  between  McKinly  act  and  the  nevj  Za;/'.— Continued. 


Schedule  C— Metals  and  Manufac- 
tures OF— Contined. 


Engraved  plates  of  steel 

Stereotype  plates  and  electrotype 
plates,  and  plates  of  other  materials 
engraved  or  lithographed  for  print- 


ing  

Railway  fish  plates  or  splice  bars,  of 

iron  or  steel lbs... 

Rivets  of  iron  or  steel lbs.. 


Rates  of  duty  under- 


McKinlej  law.       New  law 


25  per  cent 
do 


Ic.  per  lb 

2}4  c.  per  lb. 


Circular  saws ■• 

Crosscut  saws ....linear  feet... 

Hand,  back,  and  other  saws  not 

specially  provided  for 

Mill,  pit,  and  drag  saws— (a) 

Not  over  9  inches  wide,  linear 

feet 

Over  9inches  wide,  linear  feet.. 
Screws,  commonly  called  wood  sere  ws- 

^-2  inch  and  less  in  length lbs... 

Over  }4  inch  and  not  more  than 

1  inch  in  length lbs... 

Over  1  inch  and  not  more  than  2 

inches  in  length lbs... 

More  than  2  inches  in  length.. lbs... 

Umbrella  and  parasol  ribs,  stretcher 

frames,    tips,   runner   handles,   or 

parts  thereof,  made    in   whole    or 

chief  part    of    iron,  steel    or    any 

other  metal  (no  data) 

"Wheels  or  parts  thereof ,  made  of  iron 
or  steel,  and  steel-tired  wheels 
for  railway  purposes,  whether 
wholly  or  partly  iinished,  and  iron 
or  steel  locomotive,  car,  or  ether 
railway  tires,  or  parts  thereof, 
wholly     or    partly    manufactured 

(a) lbs... 

Ingots,  cogged  ingots,  blooms,  or 
blanks,f  or  railway  wheels  and  tires, 
without  regard  to    the    degree    of 

manufacture lbs... 

Aluminum: 

In  crude  form,  and  alloys  of  any 
kind  in  which  aluminum  is  the 
component  material   of    chief 

value lbs... 

Argentine,  albata  or  German  silver, 

unmanufactured lbs... 

Brass: 

Bars  or  pigs lbs... 

Old  and  cliyipings  from  brass,  or 
Dutch  metal,  and  old  sheathing, 
or  yellow  metal,  fit  only  for  re- 
manufacture lbs... 

Bronze  powder lbs... 

Bronze  or  Dutch  metal,  in  leaf,  in 
packages  of  100  leaves pkgs... 


30  per  cent 

8  c.  p.  Im.  ft.. 

40  per  cent... 

10  c.  p.  lin.  ft. 
15  c.  p.  lin.  ft. 

li  c.  per  lb 

10  0.  per  lb.... 


7  c.  per  lb. 
5  c.  per  lb. 


25  per  cent 


.do. 


do. 

do. 


...do 

c.  p.  lin.  ft. 

25  per    cent... 


45  per  cent. 


2}{  c.  per  lb. 
1%  c.  per  lb. 


15  c.  per  lb  .. 
25  pei  cent... 
l}4  c.  per  lb.. 


do 

12  c.  per  lb. 

8  c.  per  pack... 


10c. p.  lin.  ft. 
8c. p.  lin.  ft. 

10  c.  per  lb... 

7  c.  per  lb — 


5  c.  per  lb.... 
S  c.  per  lb... 


50  per  cent. 


IX  c.  per  lb. 


.do. 


10  c.  per  lb. 
15  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 


do 

40  per  cent.. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under-- 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.     law. 


Pei~  ct.     Ver  ct. 
25  25 


72.18 
20.78 


16.67 
1.33 


46.67 
110.95 


.do. 


22.28 
25 
9.97 

11.37 
36.26 

102.25 


TARIFF   SCHEDULES, 


53 


Comparison  of  rates  of  dtUies  btiween  McKinley  act  and  new  law — Continued. 


Schedule  C. — Metals  and  MANtnPAC- 
TUBES  OF— Contined. 

Aluminum— leaves  in    packages    of 

100  leaves pkgs.. 

Plates,  rolled,  called  brazier's  cop- 
per, sheets,  rods,  pipes  and  copper 

bottoms lbs... 

Sheathing  or  yellow  metal,  of  which 
copper  is  the  component  material 
of  chief  value,  and  not  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  iron  ungalyan- 

ized lbs... 

Gold  and  silver,  manufactures  of: 
Bullions    and    metal    thread    of 
gold,  silver,    or    other    metals 

not  specially  provided  for 

Gold    leaf,   in    packages    of    500 

leaves pkgs... 

Silver  leaf,  in    packages    of    500 

leaves pkgs... 

Lead,  and  manufactures  of  :  (b) 

Lead  contained  in  silver  ore,  (b) 

lbs 

Lead  contained  in  other  ore  and 

dross lbs... 

Pigs  and  bars,  molten  and  old  re- 
fuse lead,  run  into  blocks  and 
bars,  and  old  scrap  lead  fit  only 
to  be  remanufactured  (c)  ...lbs... 
Sheets,  pipes,  shot, glaziers'  lead, 

and  lead  wire lbs... 

Metals  nnwroiTght,  and  metallic  min- 
eral substances  in  a  crude  state, not 

specially  provided  for 

Mica lbs... 

Nickel,  nickel  oxide,  alloy  of  any 
kind  in  which  nickel  is  the  material 

of  chief  value lbs... 

Pens,  metallic,  except  of  gold. .gross... 

Gold  pens 

Penholder  tips  and  penholders,    or 

parts  thereof 

Pins,  solid  head  or  other,  including 
hair,    safety,   hat,    bonnet,   shawl, 

and  belt  pins 

Quicksilver 

Type  metal 

Types,  new 

Chronometers,    box    or  ship's,   and 

parts  thereof 

Watches,  and  parts  of  : 

Watches 

Watch  cases,  movements,  glasses. 

and  parts  of 

Zinc  or  .spelter,  and  manufactures  of ; 

In  blocks  or  pigs lbs 

Id  sheets lbs 

Old  and  worn  out,  fit  only  to  be 
remanufactured '. lbs 


Bates  of  duty  nnde,— 


McKinley  law 


8  c  per  pack. 
35  percent.... 


30  per  cent 

^2  per  pack.... 
75  c.  per  pack. 

Il4  c.  per  lb... 
do 


2  c.  per  lb 

2>.2  c.  per  lb.. 


per  cent 
per  cent  . 


10  c.  per  lb.... 
12c.  per  gross. 
30  per  cent , 


30  per  cent. 


do 

10  c.  per  lb 

13'2  c.  per  lb... 
25  per  cent.... 

10  percent 

25  per  cent 

do 


1^4  c.  per  lb.. 
2>i  c.  per  lb.. 

!}■{  c.  per  lb.. 


New  law. 


40  per  cent . 
20  per  cent. 


.do. 


25  per  cent.. 
30  per  cent. 
do 


%  c.  per  lb. 
do 


1  c.  per  lb 

1}^  c.  per  lb... 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKin. 
ley  law, 


Perct. 


6  c.  per  lb 

8.  c.  p.  gross. 
25  per  cent 

25  per  cent 


do 

7  c.  per  lb  .. 
%  c.per  lb., 
15  percent., 

10  per  cent.. 

25  per  cent. 

do 


I  c.  Y>er  lb 

1>4  c.  per  lb  ... 

%  c.  per  11 


44.87 

77.78 


75.36 
28.20 


49.13 
36.65 


20  per  cent 20 

do .35 


23.77 
44.47 


24.79 
47.66 
25 

10 

25 
25 

•32.32 

2t'.l'.> 


54  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK, 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  beturen  McKinley  act  and  new  lav — Continued. 


Kates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

SoHDEULE  C— Metals  a>d  manuf  c- 
TUKis  OF — Continued. 

Mantifactnres,  articles  or  wares  not 
specially  provided  for : 
Brass        

45  per  cent 

do 

35  per  cent 

do 

Per  ct. 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 

Per  ct.  ■ 
35 

35 

riarriacrpR   pfn 

do  .. 

do 

35 

Clocks 

do 

25  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

.    .    do 

35 

do 

35 

do 

35 

do 

do 

45 

do 

do 

35 

Lead 

do 

do.. 

35 

do 

do 

35 

do 

do 

35 

Metals  11  e  s 

do 

do 

35 

Nickel.     .   .. 

do. 

do 

35 

do 

do 

35 

Zinc  

do do 

35 

Total  Schedule  C   metals 

58.33 

36.53 

$1.50 per  Mft. 

#2  per  M  ft 

do 

Free 

Schedule  D.— Wood  and    manufac- 
tures OF. 

Boards,  planks,  deal,  and  other  sawed 
lumber : 
Of    hemlock,    whitewood.   syca- 
more,    white    pine,    and    bass 
wood — 
Planed  or  finished  on  one  side, 
M  ft 

21.66 
15.26 
13.85 
13.20 

26.35 
26.24 
24.16 
30.99 

15 

30 
30 

35 

Free 

Planed  or  finished  on  two  sides, 
M  ft 

Free 

Planed  on  one  side  and  tongued 

and  grooved Mft... 

Planed  on  two  sides  and  tongued 

and  grooved M  ft... 

All  sawed  lumber  not  specially 

provided  for : 
Planed  or  finished  on  one  side, 

M  ft 

Free 

Free 

$2. 50  per  M.  ft.. 
do 

Free.   .. 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Planed  or  finished  on  two  sides, 
M  ft 

fSperMft 

do 

Planed  on  one  side  and  tongued 
and  grooved                          M  ft 

Free 

Free 

Planed  on  two  sides  and  tongued 

and  grf)ovt'd M  ft... 

Sawed  hoards,  planks,  deals,  and  all 
forms  of  sawed  cedar,  lignum  vitae, 
lancewood,  ebony,  box,  granadilla, 
mahogany,    rosewood,   satinwood, 
and  ail  other  cabinet  woods  not 
further  manufactured  than  sawed, 
Mft 

$3. 50  per  Mft.. 

15  per  cent 

30  percent 

do 

Free 

Free 

25  per  cent 

20  percent 

...do. 

25 

Shooks,     sugar    box.     and    packing 

boxes  and  packing-box  shooks 

Casks  and  barrels  empty 

20 
20 

Tooth-i)icks  of  vegetable  substance 
(no  data) 

35  percent 

25  per  cent 

25 

TARIFF  SCHEDULE.'^.  55 

Comparison  of  rati's  of  'huiex  hctweea  McKiulcy  ad  and  Xcw  Law. — Continued. 


Schedule  D.— Wood  and  manufac- 
ture OF— Contined. 

Chair  cane,  or  reeds  wrought  or 
manufactured  from  rattans  or  reeds 

Furniture,  cabinet  or  house,  wholly 
or  partly  finished 

All  other  manufactures  of  wood,'orof 
which  wood  is  the  component  ma- 
terial of  chief  value,  not  specially 
provided  for 

Clocks,  wood  chief  value 

Carriages  and  parts  of,  wood  chief 
value 


Rates  of  duty  uuder- 


McKinley  law.        New  law 


Total  Schedule  D,  wood 

Schedule  E.— Sug-e. 

Su«;ar  and  molasses : 
Molasses galls... 


10  per  cent. 
35  per  cent.. 


do 

35  per  cent. 


Free. 


Sugar  all  not  above  No.  16.  Dutch 
standard  in  color,  tank  bottoms, 
sugar  drainings,  and  sugar 
sweepings,  sirups  of  cane  juice, 
melada,  concentrated  melaila, 
and  concrete  and  concentrated 

mola  ses..- lbs...    Free. 

Sugar,  above  No.  16,  Dutch  stand- 
ard in  color- 
Beet,  cane,  and  other  except 

maple lbs...'  5-10  c.  per  lb.. 

Beet,  cane,  and  other,  except  i 
maple  (if  export  bounty  is 
in  excess  of  that  paid  on  su- 
gar of  a  lower  grade). ..lbs...    6-10  c.  per  lb.. 


Maple lbs...!  5-10  c.  per  lb. 

Sugar  candy  and  confectionery,  I 
including     chocolate     confec-  i 
tionery,  made  wholly  or  in  part 
of  sugar- 
Valued  at  12  cents  or  less  per 
pound,  and  refined   sugar, 
when  tinctured,  colored,  or 
in  any  wav  adulterated -lbs...    5  c.  per  lb 
Other,  not  specially  provided 

for j  50  per  cent. 

Glucose  or  grape  sugar lbs...|  %  c.  per  lb. 

Saccharine  (not  enximerated) • 


10  per  cent. 
25  per  cent. 


do 

25  per  cent. 


Above  40°  and 
not  above 
56°,  2  c.  per 
gal.,  above 
56°,  4  c.  per 
gall. 


40  per  cent.. 


40  per  ct.  and 
1-8  c.  per  lb. 


40  per  cent, 
and  1-8  cent 
plus  1-10  c. 
per  lb. =40 
per  cent 
and  2}^ 

mills  per  lb. 

40  per  cent 
and  1-8  c. 
per  lb. 


35  percent. 


do 

15  percent. 
25  percent. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


McKin-    New 
ley  law.     law. 


Per  ct. 
10 


35 
31.79 


Free 


Free 


12.86 


16,12 


6.20 


Total  Schedule  E.  sugar... ! 14.55  |       39.59 

Note. — Hawaiian  molasses  and  sugar,  now  free  of  duty,  are  excluded  from  the 
estimate.     There  was  imported  of  the  same  during  the  fiscal  year  1893,  from  Hawaii 
67,324  gallons  of  molasses  and  288,517,929  pounds  of  sugar. 


56  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comporisons  of  raUs  of  dutieJi  between  the  McKinley  act  and  new  law. 


BcBLEDxn>E  F.— Tobacco, AND  MANUFAC- 
TURES OF. 

Tobacco,  and  manufacture  of  : 

Leaf  tobacco,  suitable  for  cigar 
wrappers — 

Not  stemmed lbs... 

Stemmed lbs... 

Leaf,  other,  unmanufactured  and 

not  stemmed lbs... 

Leaf,  other,  stemmed lbs... 

All  other lbs... 

Suuff  and  snuff  flour,  manufac- 
tured of  tobacco,  groimd  dry, 
or  damj),  and  pickled,  scented 

or  otherwise lbs... 

Cigars  and  cheroots  of  all  kinds, 

lbs 

Cigarettes  and  paper  cigars,  in- 
cluding wrappers lbs... 


Kates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law.        New  law 


Total  Schedule  F,  tobacco. 


Schedule  G.— Agricultural  products 
and  provisions. 

Animals,  not  elsewhere  specified : 
Horses- 
Valued  at  less  than  $150  each, 

No 

Valued  at  }a50  and  oyer... No.. 

Mules No.. 

Cattle- 
One  year  old  or  less No.. 

More  than  1  year  old No... 

Hogs No 

Sheep- 
Less  than  1  year  old No... 

One  vear  old  or  more No.. 

All  other 

Breadstuffs  : 

Barley bush.. 

Barley  malt bush.. 

Barley,  pearled, patent,  or  hiilled, 

lbs 

Buckwheat bush.. 

Corn  or  maize bush.. 

Corn  meal bush.. 

Macaroni.  Yermicelli,  and  similar 

preparations lbs... 

Oats bush... 

Oatmeal lbs... 

Eice  : 

Cleaned lbs... 

Uncleaned lbs... 

Paddy lbs... 

Eice  flour,  rice  meal,  and  broken 
rice  which  will  pass  through  a 
wire  sieve  known  commercially 

as  No.  12 lbs... 

Eye bush... 


$2  per  lb 

^2.75 per  lb.. 

35  c.  per  lb... 
50  c.  per  lb... 
40c.  per  lb... 


50  c.  per  lb.... 

#4.50  per  lb. 

and  25  per  c. 

do 


$30  per  head...    20  per  cent. 

30  per  cent do. 

$;30  per  head do. 


$1.50  per  lb. 
$2.25  per  lb.. 

35  c.  per  lb.. 
50  c.  per  lb. 
40  c.  per  lb.. 


50  c.  per  lb.... 

$4  per  lb.  and 

25  per  cent.. 

do 


t2  per  head.... 
$10  per  head.. 
$1.50  per  head, 

75c.  per  head., 
Iill.25perhead, 
20  per  cent.... 


30c.  per  h\\. 
45c.  per  bu.. 

2c.  per  lb 

15c.  per  bu.. 

do 

20c.  per  bu.. 


2c.  per  lb... 
15c.  per  bu. 
Ic.  per  lb... 


2c.  per  lb 

l>^c.  per  lb. 
%c.  per  lb... 


}{c.  per  lb... 
lOc.  per  bu.. 


..do. 
..do 
..do. 


30  per  cent. 
40  per  cent.. 

30  percent.. 
20  percent.. 

do 

do 


20  per  cent.... 

do 

15  per  cent... 

lyic  per  lb.. 
8-lOc.  per  lb. 
%c.  per  lb.... 


McKin-    New 
ley  law.     law. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


Per  ci. 


81.93 
95.44 
198.59 


125.36 
155.44 


31.55 

30 

93.26 

43.53 
63.22 
12.03 

22.01 
25.35 
20 


15.95 
37 

22.20 
24.58 

39.26 
35.99 
17.82 

111.85 
64.19 
51.04 


c.  per  lb 14.08 

)  per  cent I   4.94 


TARIFF  SCHBDULBS.  5T 

Comparison  of  rate*  c^  duiks  between  McKinley  act  and  new  Imv. — Continued. 


Schedule  G. — Agriccltubal  products 
AND  PROVISIONS. — Continued. 

Eye  flour lbs.. 

Wheat bush.. 

Wheat  flour bbls.. 

Dairy  Products: 

Butter,  and  substitutes  therefor, 

lbs 

Cheese lbs.. 

Milk,  preserved  or  condensed,  in- 
cluding -weight  of  package..lbs... 

Milk,  sugar  of lbs... 

Vegetables: 

Beans bush... 

Prepared  or  preserved— 
Beans,  pease,   and  mushrooms, 
in  tins,  jars,  bottles,  or  other- 
wise  

Eggs doz... 

Hay tons... 

Honey galls... 

Hops lbs... 

Onions bush... 

Pease: 

Dried bush... 

Split bush... 

Others,  in  carton,  papers,  or  small 

packages lbs... 

Potatoes bush... 

Seeds,  not  elsewhere  specified: 

Castor  beans  or  seeds bush... 

Linseed  or  flaxseed bush... 

Poppy  and  other  oil  seeds.. .bush.. 
Garden  seeds,  agricultural  and  other 

seeds,  n.  s.  p 

Pickles  and  sauces 

All  other,  not  specially  provided 

for 

Vegetables,   other    in    their   natural 

state '. 

Straw tons.. 

Teazles  


Fish: 


Anchovies  and  sardines,  packed 
in  oil  or  otherwise: 
In  tin  boxes- 
Whole  boxes,  measuring 
not  more  than  5  by  4 
by  33'2  inches.. boxes... 
Half    boxes,    measuring 
not  more  than  5  by  4 
by  1%  inches..boxes... 
Quarter    boxes,  measur- 
ing not  more  than  4% 
by  3>.2  by  \.]4  inches. 

boxes 

In  auy  other  form 


Rates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law.        New  law 


3^c.  per  lb.. 
25c.  per  lb.. 
25  per  cent. 


6c.  per  lb. 
do 


3c.  per  lb.... 
8c.  per  lb.... 

40c.  per  bu. 


40  per  Cf nt. . . 
5c.  per  doz... 
.f  4  per  ton.... 
20c.  per  gall. 
15c.  per  lb.... 
40c.  per  bu... 

20c.  per  bu... 
50c.  per  bu... 

Ic.  per  lb 

25c.  per  bu... 

50c.  per  bu... 
80c.  per  bu... 
do 


20  per  cent. 

do 

do 


4c.  per  lb. 
do 


2c.  per  lb.... 
5c.  per  lb... 

20  per  cent. 


20  per  cent. 
45  per  cent. 

do 


25  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 
do 


30  per  cent.... 
3c.  per  doz... 
f  2  per  ton.... 
10c.  per  gall. 

8c.  per  lb 

20c.  per  bu.... 

do 

50c.  per  bu... 

Ic.  per  lb 

15c.  per  bu... 

25c.  per  bu.. 
20c.  perbu... 
do 


10  per  cent.. 
30  per  cent. 

do 


10  per  cent. 
15  per  cent. 
do 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.      law. 


10c.  per  box. 


5c.  per  box. 


10c.  per  box  .. 
5c.  per  box.... 


2lic.  per  box. 
40  percent 


Cod,  haddock,  hake, etc..  pickled  , 
in  barrels bbls... I     Ic.  per  lb. 


23ic.  per  box. 
40c.  per  cent.. 

%c.  per  lb 


Perct. 


20.42 
25 


32.88 
42.96 


Perc(. 
20 


21.92 
28.64 


33.92  22.62 

65.37  40.85 


40 

30 

41.29 

24.78 

43.31 

21.65 

44.83 

22.42 

36.21 

19.28 

51.48 

25.74: 

18.10 

18.10 

15.84 

15.84. 

49.38 
23.31 
9.41 

20 
45 

45 

25 


31.18 

24.69 
15.54 
6.28 

10 
30 


3.12  30.12 

2.43    «<.22.43 


31.03         31.03 

40        \-\    40. 


25.80 


58                                               DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rales  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  knv— 

Continued. 

Bates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New- 
law. 

•Schedule  G.— Agrictjltukal  pkoducts 
AND  PROVISIONS.— ContiDued. 

Fish— Continued. 

Mackerel,  pickled  or  salted..bbls... 

Salmon,  pickled  or  salted lbs... 

Other  fish: 

Pickled  or  salted,  in  barrels 
bbls                     

Ic.  per  lb 

fi  c.per  lb 

do  . 

Per  ct. 
17.32 
14.25 

26.42 

19.12 
37.94 
17.90 

17.17 
14.16 

30 
30 
30 
30 

Per  ct. 
13.15 
10  69 

do 

do    

19  82 

Cod.  haddock,  hake,  and  pollock: 

Dried,     smokad,     salted,     or 

pickled  otherwise    than  in 

do 

19.12 

do 

37.94 

Other  fish   dried  or  smoked    lbs 

do 

do     .     . 

17  90 

Pickled  or  salted,  not  iu  barrels 

do 

do 

17  17 

Herring,  pickled  or  salted... bbls... 

In  cans  or  packages  made   of  tin 
or  other  material,   except  an- 
chovies and  sardines  and   fish 
packed  in  any    other  manner, 
not  specially  provided  for— 

Kc  per  lb 

30  per  cent 

do  

He.  per  lb 

20  percent 

do 

14.16 
20 

Mackeral 

20 

do 

do 

•10 

Other          

do 

do  . 

20 

€ans  or  packages,  made  of  tin  or 
other  material,  containing  shell- 
fish admitted  free  of  duty,  not 
exceeding   1  quart  in  contents 

Grapes bbls... 

Plums  and  prunes lbs... 

60c.  per  bbl... 

2c.  per  lb 

2Jic.  per  lb 

13c.  per  pkg... 

25c.  per  pkg... 

50c.  per  pkg... 

10c.  per  cu  ft. 
$1.50  per  M.... 

13c.  per  pkg... 

25c.  per  pkg... 

50c.  per  pkg... 

10c.  per  cu.  ft. 
$1  50  M 

20  per  cent 

l>^c.  per  lb 

19.62 
44.24 

45.77 

15.86 
19.18 

24.41 

18.25 
31.15 

12.56 

13.16 

18.71 

19.09 
11.63 

20 
33.18 

27.47 

Oranges: 

In   packages  of  capacity   of  1}^ 
cubic  fett  or  less pkgs... 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing 1}^  cubic  feet  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 2J^  cubic  feet,....pkgs... 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing 2K  cubic  feet  and  not  ex- 
ing  5  cubic  feet pkgs... 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing 5  cubic  feet cu.  ft... 

In  bulk M... 

Lemons: 

In  pa  kages   of  capacity  of   !}■{ 
cubic  feet  or  less pkgs... 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing 1^4  cubic  feet  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 2K  cubic  feet pkgs... 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing   2^    cubic  feet     and   not 
exceeding 5  cubic  feet pkgs... 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 

8c.  per  cu.  ft.. 
.      do 

12.20 
15  34 

do       

19  53 

do 

14  60 

.fl.50per  M.... 
8c.  per  cu.  ft... 
do 

31.15 

9.66 

10.53 

do 

14.97 

do 

15.27 

In  bulk .'.M... 

fl.SOperM.... 

11.63 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  59 

'oinjunrlmn  of  fifrx  i,f  'hifn-x  l.rtnyen  MrKinle;/  (.wf  (tnd  nen:  lau: — Continued. 


Schedule  G  —  AGEict^LTTTnAL  pro- 
ducts AND  PROVISIONS— Coiitinued. 

Limes: 

lu  packases  of  capacitj'  of  1}{ 
cubic  feet  or  less pkgs.. 

Ill  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing 1)4  cubic  feet  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 2}4  cubic  feet pkgs.. 

In  packages  of  capacity-  exceed- 
ing 2)^2  cubic  feet  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 5  cnbic  feet cu.  ft.. 

In  packages  of  capacity  exceed- 
ing 5  cubic  feet en.  ft... 

In  bulk M... 

Barrels  or  boxes  containing  oranges, 
lemons  or  limes,  exclusive  of  con- 
tents (a) 

Eaisins lbs... 

[Preserved — 

'  Comfits,  sweetmeats  and  fruits 
preserved  in  sugar,  sirup,  mo- 
lasses or  spirits,  not  .speciafly 
provided  for,  and  jellies  of  ail 

kinds 

Ginger,  preserved  or  pickled 

Cocoauut,  dessicated 

Fruits  preserved  in  their  own  juices... 
Orange  and  lemon  peel,  preserved  or 

candied lbs... 

KutS: 

Almonds: 

Not  shelled lbs... 

Shelled lbs... 

Filberts  and  walnuts: 

Not  shelled lbs. 

Shelled lbs. 

Peanuts  or  ground  beans: 

Unshelled lbs. 

Shelled , lbs. 

All  other  shelled  or  unshelled, 
not  specially  provided  f  or..lbs. 

Cocoanuts 

Apples : 

Green  or  ripe biish., 

Dried,    dessicated,     evaporated, 

lbs 

Currants,  Zante lbs., 

Dates lbs.. 

Pineapples 

Olives,  green  or  prepared 

Orchids,  lily  of  the  valley,  azaleas, 

(  palms  and   other  plants  used  for 

forcing  under  glass  for  cut  flowers 

or  decorative  purposes 

Bacon  and  hams lbs.. 


Beef. 


.lbs... 


Fresh-  Mutton 

'Pork lbs. 


Bates  of  duty  under- 


McKiuleylaw.        New  law. 


13c.  per  pkg... 
23c.  per  pkg... 


50c.  per  pkg. 


lOe.  per  cu.  ft, 
$1.50  per  M.... 


30  percent.... 
2}4  c.  per  lb. 


35  percent. 

do 

20  per  cent. 
30  per  cent. 

2  c.  per  lb.. 


5  c.  per  lb.... 
7Ji  c.  per  lb. 


3  c.  per  lb. 
6  c.  per  lb. 


1  c.  per  lb.... 
1>^  c.  per  lb. 


do.. 

Free... 


25  c.  per  bii. 


2  c.  per  lb. 

Free 

do 

do 

do 


do 

5  c.  per  lb. 
2  c.  per  lb. 

do 

do 


8c.  per  en.  ft. 
do 


.do. 


do 

f  1.50  per  M. 


30  per  cent.... 
13^  c.  per  lb. 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKin 
ley  law 


Per  ct. 
41.05 


19 
25.17 


21 
26.59 


30  per  cent. 

do 

30  percent. 
20  per  cent. 


percent 29.92 


3  c.  per  lb. 
5  c.  per  lb. 

2  c.  per  lb. 

4  c.  per  lb. 

20  per  cent. 
do 


.do. 


do 

IH  c.  per  lb... 

20  percent 

....do 

do 


10  percent. 
20  percent. 

do 

do 

do 


51.34 
42.42 


52.99 
49.04 


72.86 
16.82 


39.22 
Free.. 


42.41 
Free .. 
Free.. 
Free.. 
Free .. 


Free.., 
26.06 
36.05 
17.13 
24.33 


60                                    .         DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN 

BOOK. 

Compnruon  of  raks  of  diUies  between  McKinley  ad  and  nnc  fciu,-— Continued,     fl 

Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 1 
lorem  under— tj 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

80HEDULE     G.— Agrictiltubal      pko- 

DTJCT6  AND  PBOTisioNs— Continued. 

Meats,  dressed  or  undressed,  but  not 

Perct. 

Per  ct. , 

10  per  cent 

20per  cent 

10 

20 

Meats  of  all  kinds,  prepared  or  pre- 

served                    

25  per  cent 

do 

25 

20 

Extract  of  meat: 

Fluid  extract lbs... 

15  c.  per  lb 

15  per  cent 

18  01 

15 

All  other  not  speciallj^  provided 

for lbs- 

35  c.  per  lb 

15  per  cent 

17.95 

15 

Lard lbs... 

2  c.  per  lb 

1  c.  per  lb 

23.72 

•  11. 8< 

Poultry,  live lbs... 

3  c.  per  lb 

2  c.  per  lb 

32.51 

21.6'; 

Poultry,  dressed lbs... 

5  c.  per  lb 

3  c.  per  lb 

53.93 

32.34 

Chicory    root,    burnt    or     roasted. 

ground  or  granulated,  or  in  rolls, 

or  otherwise  prepared lbs... 

2  c.  per  lb 

2  c.  per  lb 

54.40 

54.40 

Chocolate,  other  than  confectionerv. 

and  sweetened  chocolate  (b) lbs... 

do 

do 

9.21 

9.21 

Cocoa,   prepared  or    manufactured. 

not  specially  provided  for lbs... 

Cocoa  butter  or  butteriue lbs... 

do 

do 

5.80 
13.75 

5.80 
13.75 

3Ji  c.  per  lb... 

3)4  c.  per  lb... 

Dandelion  root  and  acorns  prepared, 
and  other  articles  used  as  coffee,  or 

• 

as  substitutes  for  coffee,  not  speci- 

ally provided  for lbs... 

IK  c.  per  lb... 

l}i  c.  per  lb... 

40.15 

40.15 

Starch,  and  all  preparations  for  use 

as  starch lbs... 

2  c.  per  lb 

IK  c.  per  lb... 

84.38 

63.28 

Dextrin,  burnt  starch,   gum   substi- 

tute or  British  gum lbs... 

IX  c.  per  lb... 

IX  c.  per  lb... 

43.51 

43.51 

Mustard,   ground    or    preserved,   in 

bottles  or  otherwise lbs... 

10  c.  per  lb 

25  per  cent 

38.09 

25.00 

Spices  not  elsewhere  specified; 

Cayenne  pepper,  unground... lbs... 

2X  c^er  lb... 

2K  c.  per  lb... 

35.10 

35.10 

Sage lbs... 

All  other,  ground  or  powdered, 

3  c.  per  lb 

1  c.  per  lb 

171.10 

57.03 

not  specially  provided  for..lbs... 

4  c.  per  lb 

3  c.  per  lb 

57.94 

43.46 

Yinegar stand,  galls... 

7^0.  per  gall.. 

7>2  c.  per  gall.. 

27.40 

27.40 

33.21 

23.10 

Schedule  H.— Splrits,  Wines,  etc. 

Spirits  distilled: 

Brandy prf.  galls... 

$2.50  per  prf. 

$1.80  per  prf. 

91.67 

65.98 

Other,  not  specially  provided  for. 

gallon. 

gallon. 

manufactured  or  distilled— 

From  grain prf.  galls... 

From         other       materials, 

do 

do 

293  26 

prf  calls.        ..           .          ... 

do 

.  .     do 

366  91 

264  06 

Compounds    or    preparations  of 
which    distilled    spirits  are    a 

component  part  of  chief  value, 
not    specially     provided     for. 

prf.  galls 

$2.50  per  prf. 
gallon. 

^1.80  per  prf. 
gallon. 

97  63 

70  27 

Cordials,    liquors,    arracks,    ab- 

sinthe, kirchwasser,  ratafia  and 

other  spirituous  beverages,  or 

bitters  containing  spirits,  and 

not      specially    provided    for. 

prf.  galls i do 

do  

115.05 

82.83 

- 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES. 

61 

Oomparlfon  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law — Continued. 

Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

80HEDULE  H.— Spieits,  Wines,  etc.— 

Continued. 

Bay  rum  or  bay  water,  whether  dis- 
tilled or  compounded prf.  galls... 

Per  ct. 

Perot. 

$1.50  per  prf. 

$1  per  proof 

227.13 

151.42 

Wines  containing  not  more  than  24 

gallon. 

gallon. 

per  cent  of  alcohol: 

Champagne  and  all  other  spark- 

ling, in  bottles — 

Containing  3^  pint  each  or 

less ^ doz... 

i$2  per  dozen.. 

$2  per  dozen.. 

53.82 

53.82 

Containing  more  than  K  pint 
each  and  not  more  than  1 

pint doz... 

$4  per  dozen.. 

$4  per  dozen.. 

52.62 

52.62 

Containing  more  than  1  pint 
each  and  not  more  than  1 

quart doz... 

$8  per  dozen.. 

$8  per  dozen.. 

55.22 

55.22 

Quantity  in  excess  of  1  quart  per 

bottle galls... 

Still  wines : 

$2.50  per  gall.. 

$2.50  per  gall.. 

In  casks galls... 

50  c.  per  gall... 

50c.  pergall... 

69.39 

69.39 

In  bottles  or  jugs — 

Containing  each  not  more  than 

1  pint doz... 

SO  c.  per  doz... 

80  c.  per  doz... 

26.25 

26.25 

Containing  each  more  than  1 

pint  and  not  more  than  1 

quart doz... 

fl.eOperdoz... 

$1.60 per  doz... 

28.96 

28.96 

Quantity  in  excess  of  1  quart 

or  1  pint  per  bottle pts... 

V«rmuth.  including  ginger  wine  and 

5  c.  per  pint... 

5  c.  per  pint... 

ginger  cordial : 

In  casks galls... 

50  c.  per  gall... 

50  c.  pergall... 

50.49 

50.49 

In  bottles  or  jugs — 

Containing    each    not    more 

than  1  pint doz... 

80  c.  per  doz... 

80  c.  per  doz... 

30 

30 

Containing  each  more  than  1 

pint  and  not  more  than  1 

quart doz... 

$1.60  per  doz.. 

$1.60  per  doz.. 

53.38 

53.38 

Bottles  or    jugs    containing    wines. 

cordials,  brandy  or  other  spiritu- 

ous liquors No... 

Malt  liquors,  viz,  ale,  beer  and  por- 
ter: 
In  bottles  01  jugs galls... 

3  c.  each 

40  per  cent 

a60 

40 

40  c.  per  gall... 

30  c.  pergall... 

41.56 

31.17 

Not  in  bottles  or  jugs galls... 

20  c.  pergall... 

15  c.  pergall... 

60.53 

45.40 

Malt  extract : 

Fluid- 

In  bottles  or  jugs galls... 

40  c.  pergall... 

30  c.  per  gall... 

43.35 

32.51 

Incayks galls... 

20  c.  pergall... 

15  c.  pergall... 

38.87 

29.15 

Solid  or  condensed 

40  percent 

30  percent 

40 

30 

Beverages  not  elsewhere  specified  : 

Cherry    juice    and    other    fruit 

juice,  not   specially  provided 

for- 

Containing  not  more  than  18 

per  cent  of  alcohol  ...galls... 

60  c.  pergall... 

56  c.  per  gall... 

156.41 

130.34 

Containing  more  than  18  per 

•                cent  of  alcohol galls... 

$2.50  per  prf. 
gallon. 

$1.80  per  prf. 
gallon. 

150.86 

108.54 

62                                               DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN 
Comparison  of  rates  ofdutiee  hetiveen  MrK'mlij'act 

BOOK. 

and  nev  hm;  — 

Continued. 

■ 

Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinly  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley  law. 

New 
law. 

ScHTuuLE  II.— Spirits,  Wixes.  etc.— 

''olltiDlU'd. 

Bevei'                             ;es['eoirit;cl— 

'"■•■-  : 

jeruHf  .inure  or  pruiii'  wine— 

Contaiuiugr  not  more  than  18 

per  cent  of  alcohol galls... 

Containing  more  than  18  per 

cent  of  alcohol galls... 

Ginger  ale  and  ginger  beer— 

In  plain,  green,  or  colored, 
molded,    or   pressed   glass 
bottles- 
Containing  each  not  more 

than  %  of  a  pint doz... 

Containing  more  than  %  of 
a  pint  each  and  not  more 

than  13^  pints doz.. 

Otherwise  than  in  such  bottles, 
or  ill  such  bottles  containing 
more  than  11-2  piutseach..galls... 
Mineral    waters,   and    all    imita- 
tions of  natural  mineral  waters, 
and    all  artificial  mineral    wa- 
ters not  specially  provided  for— 
In  plain,   green,   or  col6red 
glass  bottles — 
Containing  not  more  than  1 

pint doz... 

Containing    more    than    1 
pint  and  not  more  than 

1  quart doz... 

Otherwise  than  in  such  bottles, 
or  in  bottles  containing  more 

than  1  ciuart galls... 

Total  Schedule  H,  spirit6,wines. 
etc 

60  c.  per  gall... 
$2.50pergall... 

13  c.  per  doz... 
26  c.  per  doz... 
50  c.  per  gall... 

16  c.  per  doz... 
25  c.  per  doz... 
20  c.  per  gall... 

50  c.  per  gall... 

$1.80  per  proof 
gallon.    • 

20  percent 

do 

Pa-  cl. 
69.16 

Po-  cl. 
57.9 

17.25 
36.20 

20 
20 
20 

20 
20 
20 

, 

20  per  cent 

22.59 
19.52 
24 

do        



69.90 

61.01 

Seheddle     I.— Cotton    manufac- 

TURFS. 

Cotton,  manufactures  of : 
Thread,  yarn,  warp,  or  warp  yarn, 
whether  single  or  advanced  be- 
yond the  condition  of  single  by 
grouping  or  twisting  two  or  more 
single    yarns  together,   whether 
on  beams  or  in  bundles,  skeins,  or 
cops,  or  in  any  other  form— (a) 
Valued  at  not  exceeding  25  cents 

per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  over  25  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 40  cents  per  pound. 

10  c.  per  lb 

18  c.  per  lb 

23  c.  per  lb 

28  c.  per  lb 

8  c.  per  lb 

15  c.  per  lb...... 

45  percent 

do 

45.03 
51.12 
50.17 
48.96 

36.02 
42.60 

Valued  at  over  40  and  not  ex- 
ceediug  50  cents  per  pound, 
pounds 

45      • 

Valued  at  over  50  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 60  cents  per  pound, 
pounds 

45 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  63 

Comparison  of  rates  of  ditfies  between  McKinln  art  and  ncm  laiv. — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinly  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ly law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  I.— Cotton  Manufactures— 

* 

Coutinued. 

Cotton,  --r,   nufaf.tnros  of— Cont'd. 

' 

Valued  at  over  60  and  not  ex- 

ceeding 70  cents  per  pound. 

Fer  ct. 

Per  cL 

pounds 

33  c.per  lb 

25  per  cent 

50.19 

45 

Valued  at  over  70  and  not  ex- 

ceeding 80  cents  per  pound, 

pounds 

38  c.per  lb 

do 

49.95 

45 

Valued  at  over  80  cents  and  not 

exceeding  $1  perpotiud...lbs... 

Valued  at  over  $1  per  pound.. lbs. . . 

Thread  on  spools,  100  yards  on 

48  c.per  lb 

do 

53.55 

45 
45 

50  i)er  cent 

do 

50 

each  si)ool doz... 

7  c.  per  doz 

5}^  c.  per  doz.. 

56.38 

44.30- 

Cloth- 

Not  exceeding  50  threads  to 

the  square  inch,  counting 

the  warp  and  filling— 

Not  bleached,  dyed,  col- 

ored, stained,  painted. 

or  printed,  valued  at  6X 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.  yds... 

2  c.  per  sq.  yd.. 

1  c.  per  sq.  yd. 

41.65 

20.83 

Bleached,  valued  at  9  cents 

or  less  per  square  yard.. 

sq .  yards 

2Jic.persq.yd 

Deeper  sq. yd 

29.61 

14.80 

Dyed",    colored,    stained. 

painted,  or  printed,  val- 

ued at  12  cents  or  less 

per  square  y  ard..sq.  yds. . . 

4  c.  per  sq.  yd.. 

2  c.  per  sq.  yd. 

46.68 

23.34 

Exceeding  50  and  not  exceed- 

ing 100  threads  to  the  square 

inch,  counting  the  warp  and 

filling— 

Not  bleached,  dyed,  col- 

,  ored,  stained,  painted. 

or  printed,  valued  at  6>^ 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.  yds... 

23ic.  persq.yd 

Ij^.U^andW 
c.  per  sq.  yd. 
=1}4  c.  per. 
sq.  yd. 

40.83 

27.22 

Bleached,  valued  at  9  cents 

or  less  per  square  yard.. 

sq.  yards 

3  c.  persq.yd.. 

I^,l%.and2c. 
per    sq.    yd. 

47.79 

27.88 

=1%    c.   per 

sq.  yd. 

Dyed,      colored.      stained. 

painted,    or  printed,  val- 

ued at  12  cents  or  less  per 
square  yard sq.  yds... 

4  c.  per  sq.  yd.. 

2^,3,and3Vc. 

43.57 

32.68 

Not  exceeding  100  threads  to 

per    sq.    yd. 

the   square  inch,  counting 

=3  c.  per  sq. 

the  warp  and  filling— 

yd. 

Not    l>leached,    dyed,    col- 

ored, stained,  painted,  or 

printed,  valued  at  over  6)^ 

cents    per    scpmre    yard.. 
S(i.  yards 

35  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

35 

25 

€4  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  ratei  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


Kates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  I.— Cotton  Manufactures— 

Continued. 

€otton  manufacturers  of— Cont'd. 

Bleached,  valued  at  over  9 

cents    per    square    yard- 

Per  ct. 

Per  d. 

square  j'ards 

25  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

35 

25 

Dyed,      colored,      stained, 

painted,  or  printed,  val- 

ued at  over  12  cents  per 

sq.  yard sq.  yds... 

do 

30  per  cent 

35 

30 

Exceeding  100  and  not  exceed- 
ing 150  threads  to  the  square 

inch,  counting  the  warp  and 

filling- 

* 

Not  bleached,  dyed,  col- 

ored, stained,   painted, 

or  printed,  valued  at  73^ 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.yds... 

3  c.  per  sq.  yd 

1-^,1%,  2.  and 
23i,  c.  per  sq. 
yd.=l%  c.  p. 

52.74 

32.96 

Valued  at  over  1%  cents 

sq.  yd. 

per sqiiare  vard-sq.  yds... 
Bleached,    valued    at    10 

40  per  cent 

30  per  cent 

40 

30 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.yds... 

4  c.  per  sq.  yd. 

21-5^2%,  3,  and 
3^  cts.  p.  sq. 
yd.  =  2%    c. 

49.59 

35.65 

Valued  at  over  10  centsper 
square  yard sq.  yds... 

per  Sq  yd. 

40  percent 

35  per  cent 

40 

35 

Dyed,    colored,    stained. 

painted,  or  printed,  val- 

ued at  123^  cents  or  less 

per  square  yard. .sq.yds... 

5  c.  persq^yd. 

3H,3M,4,and 
4>^  c.  p.  sq. 
yd.  =3K    c. 

48.76 

37.78 

Valued  at  over  12^'  cents 

per  Sq.  yd. 

, 

per  square yard..sq.  yds... 

40  percent 

35  per  cent 

40 

85 

Exceeding  150  and  not  ex- 

ceeding 200  threads  to  the 

sciuare  inch,  counting  the 

warp  an'1  tilling — 

N(^t  bhaclifd.  dyed,   col- 

ored, stained,  painted. 

or  printed,  valued  at  8 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.  yds... 

S.Si'c.persq.yd 

2,2>,^,2K,and 
2%  c.  per  sq. 
yd. =2%  c. per 
sq.  yd. 

67.35 

45.71 

Valued  at. over  8  c.    per 

square   yard sq.  yds... 

45  percent 

35  per  cent 

45 

35 

Bleachefi,  valued  at  10  cents 

per  square  yard sq.  yds... 

4,-2C.persq.  yd 

2%,  3,  33^,  and 
3K  cts.    per 
sq.    yd.  =33^ 
cts.   per  sq. 

61.66 

42.83 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  65 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under — 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

1 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  I.  Cotton  Manufactures.— 

k                         Coutiniied. 

Cotton,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Cloth— Continued. 

Exceeding  150  and  not  exceed- 
ing 200  threads  to  the  square 

inch,    counting    the     warp 

and  filling— Continued. 

Yahied  at   over   10  cents 

Perct. 

Per  ct. 

per  square  j'ard.sq.  yds.. 

45  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

45 

35 

Dj^ed,    colored,    stained. 

painted,     or      printed. 

valued  at  12  cents  or  less 

per  square  yard..sq.  yds.. 

53^  c.  persq  yd 

43€,    4>i,    4M. 
and  5  c.  per 
sq.  yd.=4Mc. 
per  sq.  yd. 

51.33 

43.16 

Valued  at  over   12  cents 

per  square  yard..sq.  yds.. 

45  per  cent 

40  per  cent. 

45 

40 

Exceeding  200  threads  to  the 

square  inch,    counting    the 

warp  and  filling— 

Not  bleached,  dj'ed,  col- 

ored, stained,  "^painted. 

or  printed,  vahied  at  10 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.  yds... 

4Kc.  persq.  yd 

3.  SX,  3}i,  and 
3H  c.  per  sq. 
yd.=3M      c. 
per  sq.  yd. 

53.36 

40.02 

Valued  at  over  10  cents  per 

square  vard sq.  vds... 

45  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

45 

40 

Bleached,    valued    at    12 

cents  or  less  per  square 

yard sq.  vds... 

5)^  c.  persq.  yd 

4,  4K,  4K,  and 
4%  c.  per  sq. 

55.18 

43.89 

yd.=4M     e. 

per  sq.  yd. 

Valued  at  over  12  cents 

per  sqvare  yard..sq.  yds.. 

45  percent 

40  per  cent 

45 

40 

Dj-ed,    colored,    stained, 

painted,     or     printed, 

valued  at  15    cents   or 

less     peii    square    yard 

S(i.  vds 

e,%  c.  per  sq.  yd 

5%  ancl  6  c. 
per  sq.    yd. 

54.14 

47.12 

=5K  c.  per 

sq.  yd 

Valued  at  over  15  cents 

per  square  yard..sq.  yds.. 

45  per  cent ^ 

40  per  cent 

45 

40 

Bleached,      dyed,      colored. 

stained,  painted,  or  printed. 

containing  an  admixture  of 

silk,  and  not  otherwise  pro- 

vided for sq.  yds... 

10  c.   per  sq. 
yd.     and    35 
per  cent. 

45  per  cent 

61.57 

45 

Corsets  not  elsewhere  specified 

'^^'^ 

50  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

50 

40 

66  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


Bates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

' 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

ScHEDTiLE  I.  Cotton  Manufactuees  — 

Coutinued. 

Cotton,  manufactures  of— Continued. 

Other  articles  of  wearing  apparel 

and  ready-made  clothing — 

■ 

Of  which   India  rubber  is  a 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

component  material lbs... 

50  cents    per 
pound     and 

40  per  cent 

89.44 

40 

All  other  not  specially  pro- 

50 per  cent. 

vided  for 

50  per  cent 

do 

50 

40 

Plushes,  velvets,  velveteens,  cor- 

duroys, and  all  other  pile  fab- 

rics   composed    of    cotton    or 

vegetable  fibre — 

Plushes,    velvets,  and  velve- 

teens— 

Not  bleached,  dyed,  col- 

ored, stained,   painted. 

or  printed sq.  yds... 

10   c.    per  sq. 
yd.     and    20 

do 

72.65 

40 

per  cent. 

Bleached sq.  yds... 

12  c.  per  sq.  yd. 

47K  per  cent.. 

53.95 

47.5 

Dyed,    colored,    stained. 

and  20  per  ct. 

painted,      or      printed 

Mc.persq.  yd. 
and  20  per  et. 

do 

60.25 

47.5 

All  other sq.  yds... 

Corduroys   and    other  pile  fab- 

40 per  cent 

40  per  cent 

40 

40 

rics — 

Not  bleached,  dyed,  col- 

ored,  stained,    painted 

or  printed sq.  yds... 

10  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 
and  20  p.  ct. 

40  per  cent 

68.75 

40 

Bleached sq.  yds... 

12  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 

47K per  cent... 

62.42 

47.5 

Dyed,    colored,    stained, 

and  20  p.  ct. 

painted      or      printed. 

sq.  yds 

14  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 
and  20  p.  ct. 

do 

60.52 

47.5 

All  other sq.  yds... 

40  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

40 

40 

Chenille   curtains,  iable   covers. 

and  all  goods  manufactured  of 

cotton   chenille,    or  of    which 

cotton  chenille  forms  the  com- 

ponent material  of  chief  value... 

60  percent 

45  per  cent 

60 

45 

Knit  goods  made  oh  knitting  ma- 

chines or  frames- 

Stockings,  hose  and  half  hose. 

other,  valued  at  not  mo  re  than 

$1.50  per  dozen doz... 

35  percent 

30  per  cent 

35 

30 

Shirts  and   drawers  valued  at 

not     more    than     $1.50    per 

/l/-\ypi-l                                                           floy 

clo 

50  percent 

35 

50 

\x\jzik:;u viv.7Zj.  . . 

Valued  at  more  than  $1.50 

and  not  more  than  .$3 

per  dozen doz... 

Valued  at  more  than  .f3 

$1  per  dozen 
and  35  p.  ct. 

do 

74 

50 

and  not  more   than  $5 

per  dozen doz... 

$1.25  par  doz. 
and  iO  p.  ct. 

do 

72.86 

60 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  67 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinleif  act  and  new  lav — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New"  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  I.    Cotton  MANurACTUBES 

— Contimied. 

Other  artel's  of  wearing  app'l— Cu'td. 

Valued  at  more  than  $5 

and  not  more  than  $7 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

per  dozen doz... 

$1.50  per  doz. 

50  per  cent 

65.59 

50 

Valued  at  more  than  $7 

and  40  p.  ct. 
$2  per  dozen 
and  40  p.  ct. 

per  dozen doz... 

Stockings,     hose    and     half 

do 

59.51 

50 

hose— 

Selvedged, fashioned, nar- 
rowed, or  shaped  wholly 

or  in  part  by  knitting 

machines  or  frames,  or 

knit  by  hand,  including 

such  as  are  commerci- 

ally known  as  seamless 

stockings,  hose  or  half 

• 

hose,  finished  or  unfin- 

ished- 

Valued  at  not    more 

than    60   cents    per 

dozen  pairs doz... 

Valued  at  more  than 

20  c.  per  doz. 
and  20  p.  ct. 

clo 

54.19 

50 

60  cents  and  not  more 

than  $2  per   dozen 

pairs doz... 

50  c.  per  doz. 

do 

71.97 

50 

Valued  at  more  than 

and  30  p.  ct. 

$2    and    not    more 

than  $4   per  dozen 

pairs doz... 

75  c.  per  doz. 

do 

67.54 

50 

Valued  at  more  than 

and  40  p.  ct. 

$4  per  dozen  pairs. 

doz 

fl  per  doz.  and 
40  p.  ct. 

clo 

.    56.74 

50 

Cords,  braids,  boot,  shoe  and  cor- 

set lacings— 

On  which  duty  computed  at 
35  cents  per  pound  is  less 

than  40  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

lbs 

40  percent 

35  c.  per  lb 

45  percent 

clo 

40 
56.85 

45 
45 

Another , lbs... 

Gimps,   galloons,  webbing,   gor- 
ing,   suspenders    and    braces, 

elastic  or  non-elastic 

40  vDercent 

clo 

40 
40 

45 
35 

Damask 

.do ...■.■■■ 

35  per  cent 

All  other  manufactures  of  cotton 

not  specially  provided  for 

clo 

clo 

40 

35 

Total  schedule  I,  cotton  manu- 

factures   

V 

55.25 

43.54 

\ 

SuMKuuLE  J.— Flax,  hemp  and  jute, 

X 

AND  MANUFACTURES  OF. 

Flax  and  hemp,  and  manufactures  of 

flax,   hemp,   jute  and  other  vege- 

table fibers: 

Unmanufactured — 

Flax,      hackled,     known    as 

"dressed  line" tons... 

3  c.  per  lb 

IK  c.  per  lb... 

10.77 

5.39 

68 


DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law — Continued. 


Kates  of  duly  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under—  • 

McKinley. 

New  law. 

McKin-l 

ley  law. 

New 
^law. 

Schedule  J.    Flax,  hemp  and  jute, 

AND  MANUFACT>UKES  or— Continued. 

Flax,  hemp,  etc.,   nnraannfaetured— 

Continued. 

< 

Hemp,  hackled,  known  as  line 
of  hemp tons... 

Pe7-  ct. 

Per  ct. 

$50  per  ton 

1  c.  pe|lb 

23.35 

10.46 

Manufactures — 

Yarn,  jute lbs... 

35  per  cent 

30  per  cent 

35 

30 

Cables,  cordage  and  twine- 

Cables  and  cordage —           1 

Of  hemp,  untarred  ...lbs... 

2}^c.  per  lb... 

10  per  cent 

22.34 

10 

Other,     untarred,      corn- 

loosed  in  whole  or  in  part 

ofistleor  Tampicofibre, 

manila,    sisal  grass,   or 

sunn lbs... 

1}4  c.  per  lb... 

do 

16.86 

10 

Tarred lbs... 

3  c.  per  lb 

do 

31  '>'A 

10 

Ail  other lbs... 

1/4  c.  per  lb  ... 

do 

is!  78 
15.83 

10 

Hemp  and  jute  carpets  sq.  yds... 

6  c.  per  sq.  yd. 

20  per  cent 

20 

Burlaps,  of  flax,  jute,  or  hemp,  or 

of   which  flax,  jute,  or  hemp,  or 

either  of  them,  shall  be  the  com- 
ponent material  of  chief  value 

(except  such  as  may  be  suitable 

for  bagging  for  cotton) — 

' 

Not    exceeding    60    inches    in 

width lbs... 

Exceeding  60  inches  in  width 

iMc.  perlb... 

Free 

29.23 

Free. 

lbs 

40  per  cent 

do 

40 

Free. 

Bags  for  grain  made  of  burlaps..lbs. . . 
Bagging  for  cotton,  gunny  cloth, 

2  c.  per  lb 

do 

44.73 

Free. 

and  all  similar  material  for  cover- 

--- 

ing  cotton,  composed  in  whole  or 

in  part  of  hemp,  flax,  jute,  or  jute 

butts- 

Valued  at  6  cents  or  less  per 

square  yard sq.  yds... 

Valued  at  more  than  6  cents  per 

1   G-10  c.  per 
sq.  yd. 

Free 

32.52 

Free. 

sqiiare  yard sq.  yds... 

1  8-lO'c.  p.  sq. 

..'....do 

26.37 

Free. 

Gill  netting,  nets,  webs,  and  seines 

.  yc^- 

of  flax- 

\i 

Made  of  thread  or  twine  from 

varn  of  a  number  not  higher. 

than  20 lbs.... 

15  c.  lb.  and 
35  per  cent. 

40  per  cent 

144.63 

40 

Made  of  thread  or  twine  from 

yarn  finer  than  No.  20 lbs.. 

20  c.  lb.  and 
40  per  cent. 

do 

58.17 

1 

40 

Hose,   linen    hydraulic,    made,  in 

1 

whole  or  in  part  of  flax,  hemjfl,  or 

jute lbs.. 

20  c.  per  lb.... 

do 

34.31 

40 

Oilcloths     for    floors,    stamped, 
painted,  or  printed,  including 
linoleum,  corticene,  cork  car- 

I 

pets,  figured  or  plain,  and  all 

i 

other  oilcloth  i^except  silk  oil- 

1 

1 

cloth),  and  waterpi'oof  cloth. 

not  speciallv  provided  for— 

! 

Valued  at  25  cents  or  less  per 

square  yard sq.  yds.. 

'  40  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

!     40 

25- 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  69 

Cnwparhoii  of  rates  of  (hdies  beticeen  McKlnley  act  and  neiv  lav — Continued. 


Schedule  J.— Flax,  hemp,  and  jute, 

AND  MANUFACTURES  OF — CoutillUecl. 

Flax,  and  hemp,  and  manTifacturesof 
flax,  liemp,  jiite,  and  other  vegeta- 
ble fibres— Continvied. 

Valued  above    25    cents  per 
square  yard sq.  yds.., 


Yarns  or  threads- 
Flax  or  hemp — 

Valued  at  13  cents  or  less 

per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  13 

cents  per  pound lbs... 

Manufactures  of  flax  or  hemp,  or 
of  which  these  substances,  or 
either  of  them,  is  the  compon- 
ent material  of  chief  value 

Maniafactures  of  flax  containing 
more  than  100  threads  to  the 
square  inch,  counting  both 
warp  and  filling  (until  January 

1,  1895) 

Wearing  apparel- 
Collars  and  cuffs  entirely  of 

cotton doz.  pes... 

Collars  and  cuffs,  composed 
in  whole  or  in  part  of  linen 

doz 

Shirts  and  all  articles  of  wear- 
ing apparel  of  every  de- 
scription, not  specially  pro- 
vided for,  composed  wholly 

or  in  part  of  linen 

Tapes  composed  of  flax,  woven 
with  or  without  metal  threads, 
on  reels  or  spools,  designed  ex- 
pressly for  use  in  the  manufac- 
tiire  of  measuring    tapes    (no 

data) 

Laces,  edgings,  embroideries,  in- 
sertings,  neck  riifllings,  ruch- 
ings,  trimmings,  tuckings,  lace 
window  curtains,  and  other 
similar  tamboured  articles,  and 
articles  embroidered  by  hand 
or  machinery,  embroidered  and 
hemstitched  handkerchiefs,  and 
articles  made  wholly  or  in  part 
of  lace,  ruffiings,  tuckings,  or 
ruchings. composed  of  flax,  jute, 
or  other  vegetable  fibre,  except 
cotton,  or  of  which  either  of 
these  substances,  except  cotton, 
is  the  component  material  of 
chief  value,  not  specially  pro- 
vided for 


Rates  of  duty  tiuder- 


McKinley  law. 


15  c.  per  s 
yard  and  : 
per  cent. 


6  c.  per  lb.. 
45  per  cent , 


50  per  cent . 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKin- 
ley  law. 


40  per  cent. 


35  per  cent. 
do 


.do. 


35  per  cent do. 


15  c.  per  doz.    do 

and  35  p.  ct.  j 
I 
30  c.  per  doz,   j  30  c.  per  doz. 

and  40  p.  ct.      and  30  p.  ct. 


55  per  cent 50  per  cent 


35  per  cent . 


60  per  cent. 


25  per  cent 


50  per  cent. 


Per  ct. 
57.17 


35 

68.26 

68.54 


New 
law. 


Per  ct. 
40 


35 


35, 
58.54 


70  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Coinparifion  of  rates  and  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law 


— Continued. 


Schedule  J.— Flax,  hemp,  and  jute, 
AND  MANUFACTURES  OF— Continued. 

Flax  and  hemp,  and  mamifactiires  of 
flax,  etc.-— Continiied. 
Laces,  edgings,  embroideries,  in- 
sertings,  neck  rvifflings,  rncb- 
ings,  trimmings,  tuckings,  lace 
window  curtains,  and  other 
similar  tamliourod  articles,  and 
articles  emliniidfrcd  hy  hand 
or  machinery,  embroidered  and 
hemstitched  handkerchiefs,  and 
articles  made  whollj'  or  in  part 
of  lace,  rufflings,  tuckings,  or 
ruchings,  composed  of  cotton, 
or  of  which  cotton  is  the  com- 
ponent material  of  chief  value, 

not  specially  provided  for 

All  other  manufactures  not  spe- 
cially provided  for — 
Manufactures  of  jute,   or  of 
which  jute  is  the   compon- 
ent material  of  chief  value, 
not  specialli'  provided  for — 
Valued    at  5    cents    per 

pound  or  less lbs.., 

Valued  above  5  cents  per 

pound lbs... 

Manufacture  s  of  other  vege- 
table fibre, except  flax, hemp, 
or  cotton,  or  of  which  other 
vegetable  fibre,  except  flax, 
hemp,  or  cotton,  is  the  com- 
ponent material  of  chief 
value,  not  specially  pro- 
vided f  or— 
Valued  at  5  cents  per  pound, 

or  less lbs... 

Valued    above    5  cents    per 
pound lbs. 


Total  Schedule  J,  flax,  hemp, 
etc 


Schedule  K.— Woolen  Goods,  a 

Manufactures  composed  whollj'  or 
in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the  hair 
of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca,  or  other 
animals : 

Shoddy lbs... 

Yarns,  woolen  and  worsted- 
Valued  at  not  more  than  30 

cents  per  poimd lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  30  and 
not    more  than  40  cents 

per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  40  cents 
per  pound • lbs... 


Rates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law. 


60  per  cent. 


2c.  per  lb.. 
40  per  cent. 


2c.  per  lb.. 
40  percent. 


30c.  ])er  lb.. 


New  la 


50  per  cent. 


35  per  cent. 
do 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.     law. 


15  per  cent. 


27hiC.  per  lb. 
and  35  p.  c. 

33c.    per    lb. 

and  35  p.  c. 
38Kc.  per  lb. 

and  40  p.  c. 


per  cent. 


.do 


55.87 
40 


40  per  cent. 


52.50 
278.66 


118.79 
105.42 


Per  ct. 
50 


TARIFF    SCHEDULES.  71 

Compariso)i  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  neir  liv . — Continuea. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  K— Wcolen  Goods— Cont'd. 

Cloths,  woolen  or  worsted: 

Valued    at  not    more    thau   30 

cents  per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  30  and  not 
more  than  40  cents  per  pound 

33c.    per    lb. 
and  40  p.  c. 

38>i  c  per  lb. 

aud  40  p.  c. 
44  c.   per   lb. 

and  50  p.  c. 

33  c.  per  lb. 
and  40  p.  c. 

38Kc.  per  lb. 

and  40  p.  c. 
44   c.  per  lb. 

and  50  p.  c. 

33  c.   per  lb. 
and  40  p.  c. 

38}-i  c.  per  lb. 

and  40  p.  c. 
44  c.   per  lb. 

and  50  p.  c. 
49>^  c.  per  lb. 

and  00  p.  c. 

33  c.   per  lb. 
and  40  p.  c. 

381^  c.  per  lb. 

and  40  p.  c. 
44   c.   per  lb. 

and  50  p.  c. 

16)<2  c.  per  lb. 
and  35  p.  c. 

22  c.   per  lb. 
aud  85  p.  c. 

33  c.   per  lb. 

and  35  p.  c. 
38>i  c  per  lb. 

and  40  p.  c. 

16K  c.  per  lb. 
and  35  p.  c. 

22  c.   per  lb. 
and  35  p.  c. 

33  c.  per  lb. 

and  35  p.  c. 
38i^i  c.  per  lb. 

and  40  p. c. 

40  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

50  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

Per  ci. 
163.09 

114.86 
99.50^ 

Perct. 
40 

40 

Valued  above  40  cents  per  pound 
lbs                                     

50 

Shawls,  woolen  or  worsted  : 

Valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents 

35 

Valued  at  more  thau  30  aud  not 
more  thau   40  cents  per  pound 

do 

150.30 
88.60 

35 

Valued    at    above    40    cents   per 

pound lbs... 

Knit  fabrics,  and  all  fabrics  made  on 
knitting  machines  or  frames  : 
Valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents 

per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  30  and   not 
more  thau  40  cents  per  pound 

40  per  cent 

40 
35 

do 

40  per  cent 

do 

136 
82.25 
94.09 

159.60 

]42.59 
87.03 

88.22 

100 

103.90 
80.33 

86 

106.38 
104.22 

87.26 

35 

Valued    at    above    40    cents    per 
pound  lbs... 

All  ku't  wearing  apparal lbs... 

All  other  mauufactures,  not  specially 
provided  for  : 
Valued  at  not  more  thau  30  cents 

per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  30  and  not 
more  thau  40  cents  per  pound 
lbs 

40 
40 

do 

40 

do 

50  per  cent 

25  per  ceut 

30  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

do 

40 

Valued  at     above    40    cents    per 

pound   lbs... 

Blankets : 

Valued  at  not  more  thau  30  cents 
per  poiind lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  30  aud  not 
more  than  40  cents  per  pound 

50 
25 
30 

Valued  at  more  than  40  and  not 
more  than  50  cents  per  pound 
lbs 

35 

Valued  at  more  than  50  cents  per 

pound lbs... 

Hats  of  wool : 

Valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents 
per  pound lbs... 

Valued  at  more  than  30  and  not 
more  than  40  cents  per  pound 
lbs 

35 

25  per  cent 

30  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

do 

25 
30 

Vahied  at  more  than  40  and  not 
more  than  £0  cents  per  pound 

Valued  at  more  than  50  cents  per 
pound lbs... 

35 
35 

72  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinly  act  and  nev:  la^i:. — Continued. 


ScHEDTTLE  K— WooLEN  GooDs— Cont'd. 


Flannels  for  underwear  : 

Vahaed  at  not  more  than  30  cents 

per  pound lbs... 

Vahaed  at  more  than  30  and  not 
more  than  40  cents  per  pound 

lbs 

Valued  at  more  than  40 '  and  not 
more  than  50  cents  per  pound 

lbs 

Weighing     over    4    ounces    per 

square  yard lbs... 

Dress  goods,  women's  and  children's, 

coat    linings.    Italian    cloths,    and 

goods  of  similar  description  : 

Of  which  the  warp  consists  wholly 

of    cotton  or  other    vegetable 

materials,  with  the  remainder 

of  the  fabric  composed  wholly 

or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted,  the 

hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alpaca, 

or  other  animals — 

Valued  at  not  exceeding  15  cts 

per  square  yard sq.  yds... 

Valued  at  above   15  cents  per 

square  yard sq.  yds... 

Weighing  over  4  ounces  per 

square  yard lbs... 

Composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
wool,  worsted,  the  hair  of  the 
camel,   goat,   alpaca  or    other 
animals- 
Weighing  over  4  ounces  per 
square  yard lbs... 

All  other sq.  yds... 

Other  clothing,  ready-made,  and 
articles  of  wearing  apparel 
(except  knit  goods),  inade  up  or 
manufactured  wholly  or  in 
part lbs... 

Felts,  not  woven lbs... 

Plushes  and  other  pile  fabrics lbs... 

Cloaks,  dolmans,  jackets,  talmas,  ul- 
sters, or  other  outside  garments  for 
ladies'  and  children's  apparel,  and 
goods  of  similar  description,  or 
used  for  like  purposes lbs. 

Webbing, gorings, suspenders,  braces, 
beltings,  bindings,  braids,  galloons, 
fringes,  gimps,  cords,  cords  and 
tassels,  dress  trimmings,  laces  and 
embroideries,  head  nets,  buttons 
•  or  barrel  buttons,  or  buttons  of 
other  forms  for  tassels  or  orua- 
men's, wrought  by  hand,  orVjraided 
by  machinery,  which  are  elastic  or 
nonelastic lbs.., 


Bates  of  duty  under- 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


16}4  e.  per  lb. 
and  35  p.  c. 

22  c.  per  lb. 
and  35  p.  c. 

33  c.  per  lb. 

and  35  p.  c. 
383.^  c.  per  lb. 

and  40  p.  c. 


25  per  cent. 

30 per  cent. 

35  per  cent. 
50  par  cent. 


7  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 
and  40  p.  c. 

8  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 
and  50.  p.  c. 

44  c.   per  lb. 
and  50  p.  c. 


44  c.   per  lb. 

and  50  per  c. 
12  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 

and  50  per  c. 


: do. 

: do. 

i do. 


103.51 

103.22 
96.54 


.93         50 
50 


50  percent. 
do 


87.14 
109.09 


per  lb 
and  60  p  c. 


TARIFF  SCHEDULES. 


73 


Comparison  of  roics  of  diifirs  hctiirci}  }feKinI('i/  Act  ami  nov  lair. — Continued. 


Kates  of  d\ity  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  K.— Woolen   Goods— Con- 

tinued. 

Carpets  and  carpeting— 

Anbnssou,  Axminister.  moquette. 

and  chenille   carpets,  and  car- 

pets woven   whole  for  rooms. 

and  Oriental.  Berlin  and  other 

rer  ct. 

Per  ct. 

similar  rugs sq.  yds... 

60  c.p.  sq.  yd. 

40  percent 

60.85 

40 

Saxouv, Wilton  and  Tournav  vel- 

and 40  per  c. 

vet  carpets sq.  yds... 

Brussels  carpets sq.  yds... 

do 

do 

69  56 

40 

44  c.  p.  sq.  vd. 

do 

81.56 

40 

Velvet  and  tapestry  velvet  car- 

and 40  per  c. 

pets,    printed   on  the  warp  or 

otherwise sq.  j'ds... 

Tapestrv  Brussels,  printed  on  the 

40  c.p.  sq.  yd. 
and  40  p.  "c. 

do 

71.86 

40 

warp  or  otherwise sq.  vds... 

28  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 

42>^  percent... 

77.97 

42.50 

Treble  ingrain,  three-ply  and  all 

and  40  p.  c. 

chain  Venetian  carpets.. sq.  yds... 

19  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 

32X  percent... 

63.05 

32.50 

Wool.  Dtitch  and  two-ply  ingrain 

and  40  p.  c. 

carpets sq.  yds... 

14  c.  p.  sq.  vd. 

30  per  cent 

64.74 

30 

Druggets  and  bookings,  printed, 

and  40  p.  c. 

colored  or  otherwise sq.  yds... 

22  c.  p.  sq.  yd. 
and  40  p.  c. 

do 

82.57 

30 

Felt  carpeting sq.  vds... 

11  c.  p.  sq.  vd. 

do 

62.57 

30 

Carpets  of  wool,  or  in  partof.not 

and  40  p.  c. 

•          specially  provided  for..sq.  yds... 
Carpets  and  carpetiugs  of  cotton- 

50  per  cent 

do 

50 

30 

do 

do.  . 

50 

30 

Total,  schedule  K,  wool,  manu- 

98.62 

48.82 

SCHEDXTLE  L. — SiLK  AND  S ILK  GoODS. 

Silk,  manufactures  of : 

Silk,  not  raw- 

Partially  manufactured  from 

cocoons  or  from  waste  silk. 

and  not  further  advanced 

or       manufactured      than 

carded  or  combed  silk.. lbs... 

50  c.  per  lb 

20  percent 

60.50 

20 

Sewing  silk  and   silk  thread 

or  varus  of  every  descrip- 

tion  lbs... 

30  iiercent 

30  percent 

30 

30 

Spun  silk,  in  skeins  or   cops 

do 

Thrown   silk,    not  more  ad- 

vanced thun  singles,  tram 

or     organ zine,    twist    and 

floss lbs 

30  per  cent 

do 

30 

30 

Velvets,  plushes,  or  other  pile  fab- 

rics—C«) 

Containing,    exclusive    of    sel- 
vedges,  less    75    per  cent  in 

weight  of  silk lbs... 

.f  1.50  per  lb. 

Jfl.50perlb) 
1    1.00 per  lb)" 

72.63 

55.71 

Containing,    exclusive  of    sel- 

and 15  p.  c. 

vedges,  75  per  cent  or  more 

in  weight  of  silk lbs... 

$3.50  per  lb. 
and  15  p.  c. 

81.50  per  lb 

56.21 

17.66 

Other 

SOiK'r  cent 

50  per  cent 

50 

50 

74  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Comparison  of  ra'es  of  duty  between  McKinley  act  and  the  new  tac'.— Continued. 


Schedule  L.— Silk  and  Sllk  Goods- 
Continued. 

Silk,  mamifactnres  of— Conlinued. 
Webbings,    gorings,  suspenders, 
bz'aces.  beltings,  braids,  bind- 
ings, galloons,  fringes,  cords 
and  tassels,  elastic  or  nonelas- 

tic 

Buttons 

Handkerchiefs 

Laces  and  embroideries,   neck   ruf- 

fliugs,  and  ruchings 

Wearing  apparel- 
Knit  goods — 

Composed  in   part  of  In- 
dia rubber ozs.. 


Other 

Eeady-made     clothing     and 
other- 
Composed  in  part  of  In- 
dia rubber ozs.. 


Rates  of  duty  under- 


Average  ad  va- 
loriim  under— 


McKinley  law.'      New  law. 


50  per  cent 45  per  cent; 

do..; do 

60  per  cent 50  per  cent. 


.do.. 


3  cts.  per  oz. 
and  60  p.  ct. 
50  per  cent 


8  cts.  per  oz. 
I     and  60  p.  ct. 

Other 60  per  cent 

Dress  and  piece  goods. 50  per  cent 

Eibbous do 

All  other,  not  speciallj-  provided  for..| do 


.do.. 


Total  Schedule  L,  silk  and  silk 
goods 


Schedule 


M.-PULP, 

Books. 


Papeb,    and 


Pulp  of  wood: 

Mechanically  ground tons... 

Chemical ,  unbleached tons. . . 

Chemical,  bleached tons... 

Paper  sheathing 

Sheathing,  patent 

Printing  paper,  suitable  only  for 
books  and  newspapers  : 

Unsized lbs... 

Sized  or  glued lbs... 

Paper,  albumenized  or  sensitized 

Papers  known  commercially  as  copy- 
ing paper,  filtering  paper,  silver 
paper,  and  all  tissue  paper,  white 
or  colored,  made  up  in  coijying 
books,  reams,  or  (in  any  other 
form lbs... 


$2.50  per  ton. 

.f!6per  ton 

87  per  ton 

10  per  cent 

20  per  cent 


15  per  cent. 
20  per  cent. 
35  per  cent. 


i  cts.  per  lb. 
and  15  p.  ct. 


do 

45  per  cent. 

do 

do 


10  per  cent  ■ 

do 

do 

do 

do 


15  per  cent. 

do 

30  per  cent. 


McKin- 

New 

ley  law. 

law. 

Per  ct. 

Perct. 

50 

45 

50 

45 

60 

50 

60 

50 

81.42 

50 

60 

50 

77.79 

50 

50 

45 

50 

45* 

m 

45 

53.56 

46.39 

14.44 

10 

12.38 

10 

10.76 

10 

10 

10 

20 

10 

15 

15 

20 

15 

35 

30 

62.14 

35 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  *75 

Ccnnparison  of  mtc.^  of  c/m^/i'.v  between  McKlnley  act  and  ncii:  law — Continued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKlnley  law. 

New*  law. 

McKln- 
ley law. 

New- 
law. 

Schedule      M.— Pulp,     Papee     and 
Books — Contiuiied. 

Papers  known   commercially  as  sur- 
face-coated  papers,  and  luannfac. 
lures    thereof,    cardboards,    litho- 
prapliic  prints  from  either  stone  or 
zinc,  bound  or  unbound  (except  il- 
lustrations when  forming  a  part  of 
a    periodical,     newspaper,     or     in 
printed  books  accompanyingr  the 
same),   and    all    articles  produced 
either  in  whole  or  in*^iart  by  litho- 
graphic process,   and  [jhotograph, 
autofrraph,  and  scrap  albums  whol- 
ly or  partially  manufactured  {h) 

Envelopes  (o) M... 

Hangings,  and  paper  for  screens  or 

35  per  cent 

25cts.  per  M... 

25  per  cent 

do 

30  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

do 

Per  cl. 
35 
20.98 

25 

25 

25 
25 
286.70 

25 
25 

Per  d. 
30 
20 

20 

Book  pamphlets,  bound  or  unbound^ 
maps,  charts,  and  all  printed  mat- 

25 

Engraviugs,    bound     or     uubound, 

25 

do 

20  per  cent 

10  c.  per  pk. 

and  50  p.  c. 

20  per  cent 

do 

20 

Cards,  playing packs... 

Writing,  drawing,  and  all  other  pa- 
per, not  specially  provided  for 

Other  mauufaciures  of  paper,  or  of 
which  paper  is  the  component  of 
chief  value 

50  c.per  pk 

25  per  cent 

do 

107:24 
20 

20 

Total  Schedule  M,  pulp,  paper, 
etc 

- 

23.85 

10.67 
40 

40 

10 
25 
143.61 

50 
60 

65.03 

20  53 

Schedule  N. — Sundries. 
Bristles lbs... 

10  c.  per  lb 

40  per  cent 

do 

1)4  c.  per  lb... 
20  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

1  c.  per  line 
and  15  p.  c. 

35  per  cent 

8.10 
20 

Brvishes    of     all    kinds,    including 
feather  dusters  and  hair  pencils  in 
quills 

35 

Buttons  and  button  forms  : 

Button  forms:  Lastings,  mohair 
cloth,  silk,  or  other  manufact- 
ures of  cloth,  woven  or  made 
in  patterns  of  such  size,  shape, 
or  form,  or  cut  in  such  man- 
ner as  to  be  fit  for  bu  tons  ex- 
clusively 

10  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

2}i  c.  per  line 
and  25  p.  c. 

50  per  cent 

60  per  cent 

1  c.  per  gross.. 

10 

A  "ate  buttons 

25 

Pearl  and  shell  buttons line... 

Ivory,  vegetable   ivory,  bone   or 

84.50 
35 

35 

Shoe    buttons,    made    of    paper 
board,  papier  mache,  pulp,  or 
similar  ma  erial,  not  specially 
provided  for,  valued  at  not  ex- 
ceeding Scentspergross.gross... 

25  per  cent 

25 

76 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Comparison  of  rates  of  diiJics  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law — Continued. 


Schedule  N. — Sundries — Continued. 

Coal  and  coke : 

Bitnminous  coal'  and  shale. .tons... 

Slack,  or   ciilm  of  coal,  such  as 

will  pass  through  a  half-inch 

screen tons... 

Coke ,, tons... 

Corks lbs... 

Cork  bark,  cut  into  squares  or  cubes, 

lbs 

Dice,  drauf^hts,  chessmeu,  chessballs, 
and  billiard,  pool,  and  bagatelle 
balls,  of  ivory,  bone,  or  other  ma- 
terial  

Dolls,  doll  heads,  toy  marbles  of 
whatever  material  composed,  and 
all  other  toys  not  composed  of 
rubber,  china,  porcelain,  parian, 
bisque,  earthen  or  stone  ware,  and 

not  specially  provided  for 

Emery :  Gra  ns,  and  ground,  pulver- 
ized, or  reiined lbs.., 

Gunpowder,  and  all  explosive  sub- 
stances : 

Firecrackers  of  all  kinds lbs.., 

Fulmiuates,  fulminating  pow- 
ders, and  all  like  articles,  not 

especially  provided  for 

Gunpowder,    and    all    explosive 
substances,   used  for    mining, 
blasting,  artillery,  or  sporting 
purposes- 
Valued  at  20  cents  or  less  per 

Xiound lbs.. 

Valued  at  above  20  cents  uer 

pound lbs.. 

Matches,  friction   or  lucifer,  of  all 
descriptions: 
In   boxes  containing    not    more 
than'   100    matches    per    box, 

gross 

Otherwis  thau  in  boxes  contain- 
ing not  more  than  100  laatches 
each M... 


Musical  instruments  : 
Metal,  chief  value ... 
"Wood,  chief  vahie ... 

Percussion  caps .. 


Kates  of  duty  under- 


McKinlev  law. 


Feathers,  dressed,  colored,  or  manu- 
factured, including  dressed  and 
finished  bird's  suitable  for  millin- 
erv  (irnaiiieuts  : 

Ostrich  I'eatlier.s 

All  other 


75  c.  per  ton.. 


New  law. 


40  c.  per  ton. 


15  c.  per  ton. 
15  per  cent. 
10  c.  per  lb 

10  c.  per  lb i  25  per  cent. 


30  c.  per  ton... 

20  per  cent [  15  per  cent. 

15  c.  per  lb I  10  c.  per  lb.. 


50  per  cent ;  50  per  cent. 


35  per  cent 25  per  cent 

1  c.  per  lb '  8-10  c.  per  lb. 


8  c.  per  lb 50  per  cent. 

30  per  cent 30  per  cent. 

i 
5  c.  per  lb....*.;  5  c.  per  lb. 
8  c.  per  lb ;  8  c.  per  lb. 


10  c.  per  gr< 


20  per  cent. 


1  c.  per  thou-  ; do 

sand.     ■ 

45  per  cent 25  per  cent.... 

35  per  cent do 

( 30  per  cent. 

40  per  cent -^•^2.07  per  M 

(caps). 


.50  per  cent 35  per  cent. 

do do 


McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Per  ct. 

22.72 

Per  ct. 
12.12 

28.68 

20 

30.55 

14.34 

15 

20.37 

9.60 

25 

50 

50 

35 

25 

25.19 

20.  IE 

147.32 

50 

30 

-30 

25.80 

25. 8C 

8.68 

,8.68 

V 

33.93 

20 

21.19 

20 

45 
35 

25 
25 

i"  1 

30 

50 
50 

35 
35 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES. 


77 


.-1  comparison  of  rates  ofdufies  between  McKinlen  art  and  new  law. — Cuntiiiued. 


Rates  of  duty  under— 

1 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

tfcKin-l 
ey  law. 

New. 
law. 

Schedule  N.—Sundkies— Continued. 

Feathers  and  flowers,   artificial  and 
ornamental,    or  parts    thereof,   of 
whatever  material   composed,  not 

50  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

ao  

30  per  cent 

,20  per  cent 

do 

j 

Per  ct.  1 
50 

20 

20 

Per  ct. 
35 

Furs  dressed   on  the   skin,   but  not 

made  np  into  articles 

Furs,  not  on  the  skin,  prepared  for 

20 
20 

Fans,  of  all  kinds,  except  palm-leaf 

According  to 
material  of 
chief  value. 

10  per  cent 

35  per  cent 

2^  per  cent 

8  c.  per  sq.  yd. 

30c.persq.yd. 

15  per  cent 

55  per  cent 

50  percent 

10  per  cent 

do 

40 

Beads  of  glass,  loose,  unthreaded  or 

10  per  cent 

.do   

10 
35 

20 

27.99 

23.22 

15 

55 

50 
10 

10 
25 

10 
Free... 

i     1« 
!      30 

10 

Gun  wads  of  all  descriptions 

10 

Human  hair,  clean  or  drawn,  but  not 

20  per  cent 

6  c.persq.  yd. 
20  c.per  sqjyd. 
10  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

35  percent 

10  per  cent 

25  per  cent 

30  percent 

1  10  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

20  percent 

20 

Haircloth,  known  as  crinoline  cloth. 

20.99 

Haircloth,    known  as    hair    seating, 
sq    vds 

15  48 

Hair,   curled,   suitable    for  beds  or 
mattresses 

10 

Hats,  for  men's,  women's,  and  child- 
ren's wear,  composed  of  the  fur  of 
the  rabbit,   beaver,   or  other  ani- 
mals, or  of  which  such   fur  is  the 
component  material  of  chief  value, 
wholly  or  partially  manufactured, 

40 

.Jewelry    and    precious    stones,   not 
elsewhere  specified  : 
Jewelry  :   All  articles  not  spec- 
iallyprovided  for.  composed  of 
precious  metals  or  imitations 
thereof,  whether  set  with  coral, 
jet,    or    pearls,   or    with    dia- 
monds,    rubies,     cameos,      or 
other  precious  stones  or  imita- 
tions thereof,  or  otherwise,  and 
which  siiall  be  known  commer- 
cially as  "jewelry,"  and  cameos 
in  frames                 '. 

35 

10 

Precious  stones,  and  imitations 
of— 

25 

Set,   and    not.  specially  pro- 

!  25  per  cent 

t 

10  per  cent 

Free 

30 

Imitations  of,  not  set,  com- 
posed of  paste  or  glass,  not 
exceeding   1  inch  in  dimen- 
sions         .               

10 

Diamonds    and    other    iprecious 
stones   rouo'h  or  uncut       .    ... 

10 

Leather,  and  manufactures  of  : 

Bend  or  belting,  and  sole 

Calf  skins,  japanned 

1  10  per  cent 

1  30  per  cent 

10 
20 

78  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  law. — Continued. 


Schedule  N.—Sxjndkies— Continued. 

Calf  skins,  tanned,  or  tanned  and 

dressed  

Piano-forte  and  piano-forte  ac- 
tion leather 

Skins  for  morocco — 

Finished 

Tanned,  but  unfinished 

Skius,  chamois  or  other,  not  spec- 
ially provided  for;  bookbind- 
er'scalf  skins,  kangaroo,  sheep, 
and  goat  skins,  including  lamb 
and  kid  skins,  dressed  and  fin- 
ished   

Upper  leather,  dressed,  includ- 
ing patent,  enameled,  and  ja- 
panned leather,  dressed  or  un- 
dressed, and  finished 

All  leather  not  specially  provided 

for 

Boots  and  shoes 

Gloves,  composed  wholly  or  in  part 
of  kid  or  other  leather,  and  whether 
wholly  or  partly  manufactured— 
Ladies'  and  children's — 
Fourteen  inches  and  under  in 
extreme  length— 
Schmaschen — 

Plain doz.. 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  and 
embroidered  with  more 
than  3  single  strands  or 
cords doz.. 


Lined doz.., 

Lamb- 
Plain doz... 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  and 
embroidered  with  more 
than  three  single  strands 
or  cords doz... 


Rates  of  diity  under - 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 


McKinley  law.       New  law.       f^^^ll\     ^^^ 


Lined  doz.. 


Kid- 
Plain doz.. 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  and 
embroidered  with  more 
than  3  single  strands  or 
cords doz.. 


Lined  . 


.doz. 


20 per  cent.. 

35  per  cent. 

20  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 


20  per  cent. 


•do,, 


10  per  cent. 
25  percent. 


$1.75  per  doz  .. 

$2.25  per  doz ., 

$2.75  per  doz. 
$2.25  per  doz. 

f  2. 75  per  doz. 
$3.25  per  doz . 


.do. 


20  per  cent. 
do 


20  per  cent. 
10  per  cent. 


20  per  cent. 


10  per  cent.. 
20  per  cent. 


$3.75  per  doz.. 


$4.25  per  doz .. 


Ladies'  or  chil 
dreu's"glace" 
finish— Schma 
schen — 

Not  over  14  in, 
•flp.  doz.prs— 


Over  14  in.  and 
not  over  17 
$1.50.  p.  doz 
prs. 

Over  17  in..  $2 
p.  doz.  prs. 

Men's  $3  p.  doz 
prs.     ' '  glace 
finish,  lamb  or 
sheep ; 

Not  over  14  in 
$1.75  per  doz 
prs. ; 

Over  14  and  not 
over  17,  $2.75 
p.  doz.  prs 

Overl7in.$3.75 
per  doz.  prs. 


Men's  $4  per 
doz,  "glace" 
finish,  goat 
kid  or  other; 

Not  over  14  in. 
$2.25  p.  doz. 
prs. ; 


Per  ct. 
20 


TARIFF    SCHEDULES.  79 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  beeivecn  McKi)tley  act  and  nea-  Jaw — Continued. 


Schedule  N.—SuNDEiES— Continued. 

Gloves  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of 
kid  or  other  leather,  etc. — Cont'd. 
Snedesand  other,  whether  more 
or  less  than  14  inches  in  ex- 
treme length — 

Plain doz... 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  and  em- 
broidered with  more  than  3 
single  strands  or  cords..doz.. 


Lined doz.. 

Ladies'  and  children's,  on  which 

the  above  rates  of  duty  do  not 

equal  a  duty  of  50  per  cent..doz. 

Men's  gloves —  * 

Fourteen  inches  and  under  in 

extreme  length,  plain doz.. 


Over     14    inches    in    extreme 
length- 
Plain doz.. 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  and  em- 
broidered with  more  than 
3  single  strands  or  cords 
doz 

Lined doz. 

Do doz. 

Do doz. 


Kates  of  duty  under- 


McKinley  law.        New  law. 


Miscellaneous  manufactures : 

Alabaster    and     spar,     manufac- 
tures of 

Amber,  mauufactvires  of 

Asbestos,  manufactures  of 

Bladders,  manufactures  of 


50  per  cent. 


50c.  per  doz. 
and  50  p.  ct. 


$1    per    doz. 
and  50  p.  ct. 


50  per  cent. 


50  per  cent. 


$1   'per    doz. 
and  50  p.  c. 


$1.50  per  doz. 

and  50  p.  c. 
$2  per  dozen 

and  50  perc. 
$2.50 per  doz. 

and  50  per  c. 


•f  3  per  dozen 
and  50  per  c. 


25  per  cent. 

do 

do 

do 


Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 


McKin-     New 
ley  law.      law. 


Over  14  and  not 
over  17,  f 3  p. 
doz.  prs.; 

Over  17  in.  $4 
p.  doz.  prs.; 

Men's  f4  p. 
doz.  prs.  La- 
dies' or  child- 
ren's of  sheep 
origin. 

Not  over  17 in., 
$1.75   p.    doz. 


Overl7in..f2.75 

p.  doz.  prs.: 
Men's  t4p.  doz 

prs.     Ladies', 

etc.,  kid,  goat 

etc.— 
Not  over  14  in., 

$2.25    p.    doz 

prs. 
Over  14aud  not 

over  17,  f  3per 

doz.  prs. 

Over  17 In.,  $4 

p.  doz.  prs. 

Men's  $4  per 
doz.  prs.  ^ 

All  leather 
gloves,  when 
lined,  f  1  per 
dozen  addi- 
tional. 

Note:  Owing 
to  change  in 
classification 
of  sizes,  no 
comparis  o  n 
can  be  given, 
(Estimated 
rate  by  pro- 
posed bill=40 
p.  c.  on  all.) 


Per  ct. 
50 


57.82 


45  per  cent.. 
25  per  cent- 

do 

do 


70.29 


75.1 


80  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Comparison  of  rates  of  duties  between  McKinley  act  and  new  km — Continued. 


Kates  of  duty  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under — 

McKinley  law. 

New 

law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  N.—Sundkies— Continued. 

Miscellaneous  manufactures— Cont'd . 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

2o  per  cent 

25  per  cf'i'^' 

25 

25 

Catgut  or  wbipgut  or  -wormgut, 

manufactures  of 

Jet,  manufactures  of 

25 

25 

do  

do.. 

25 

25 

do 

do 

95 

25 

do 

do.. 

25 

95 

do 

do.. 

25 

Osier   or    willow,   prepared    for 

30  per  cent 

40  per  cent 

20  per 
25  per 

30 

20 
25 

Osier  or  willow,  manufactures  of.. 

cent 

40 

Bone  and  horn,  manufactures  of.. 

30  per  cent.:... 

do.. 

30 

25 

Chip,  mamifactures  of  (baskets).. 
Grass,  manufactures  of 

do 

do. 

30 

25 

do 

do. 

30 

25 

India  rubber,  manufactures  of 

do 

......  do. 

30 

25 

Palm  leaf,  manufactui-es  of 

do 

../.do. 

30 

25 

Str'iw  manufacture  of 

do 

do. 

30 

25 

Do  for  julips 

Whalebone,  uianufactures  of 

do 

do. 

30 

25 

do 

do. 

30 

25 

Leather,  manufactures  of. 

35  per  cent 

30  per 

cent 

35 

30 

Fur  manufactures  of 

do 

do.. 

35 

30 

India  rubber,  vulcanized,  known 

as  hard  rubber 

do 

do. 

35 

30 

Gutta  percha 

do 

do. 

35 

30 

do 

do. 

35 
35 

30 

Papier  mache,  manufactures  of.... 
Ivory  and  vegetable  ivory,  maniT- 

.....do 

do. 

30 

factures  of... 

40  per  cent 

35  per 

cent 

40 

35 

Shell  and  mother-of-pearl,  manu- 

..do  

do. 

cent 

40 
35 

35 

Masks.  composed  of  paper  or  pulp 

35  l^er  cent 

25  per 

25 

Matting    and    mats   made    of  cocoa 

-  -  - 

fibre  or  rattan : 

Matting sq.  vds... 

12  c.  persq.  yd. 

20  per 

cent 

71.87 

20 

Mats ? sq.  yds... 

8  c.  per  sq.  ft.. 

do. 

41.46 

20 

Pencils : 

Wood  filled  with  lead  or  other 

material  aud|  pencils    of  lead 
gross .T 

50  c.  per  gross 

50  per 

cent 

53.67 

50 

and  30  per  c. 

Slate  pencils  (a)... gross... 

Pencil  leads,  not  in  wood 

4  c.  per  gross.. 

30  per 

cent 

47.57 

30 

10  per  cent 

10  per 

cent 

10 

10 

Pipes  and  smokers'  articles : 

Common  pipes  of  clay gross... 

15  c.  per  gross. 

do. 

50.11 

10 

Pipes,  pipe  bowls  of  all  materials, 

and  all  smokers'  articles,  what- 

soever, not  specially  provided 

for,  including  cigarette  bookb, 

cigarette  book-covers,  pouches 

for  smoking    or    chewing    to- 

bacco, and   cigarette  paper  in 

all  forms 

70  per  cent 

50  per 

cent 

70 

50 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  and  sunshades, 

. 

and  sticks  for: 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  and  sun- 

shades- 

Covered     with     silk     or 

alpaca 

55  per  cent 

45  per 

cent 

55 

45 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  81 

Compai'l.son  of  rates  of  duty  between  McKinleij  act  and  the  new  law. — Continued. 


Rates  of  dutj-^  under— 

Average  ad  va- 
lorem under— 

McKinley  law. 

New  law. 

McKin- 
ley law. 

New 
law. 

Schedule  N.— Sundries— Contimied. 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  and  sunshades, 
and  sticks  for— Continued. 

Umbrellas,  parasols  and  sun- 
shades—Continued. 
Covered   with  other  ma 

45  per  cent 

50  per  cent 

45  per  cent 

30  per  cent 

do 

Perct. 
45 

50 
35 
10 

Perct. 
45 

Sticks   for  umbrellas,    para 
sols,  and  sunshades — 
Carved              

30 

Plain     

30 

Waste,  all  not  specially  provided  for.. 

10  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

10 

26.80 

24.45 

10  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

10  per  cent 

20  per  cent 

Free 

Section  4  (:actof  Oct.  1,  1890)  : 

10 
20 
20 
50 

10 

20 

Free 

50  per  cent 

50  per  cent 

50 

Total  sec   4    

18.98 

18  73 

Total  schedules 

49.58 

38.68 



82 


DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


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7,886,585.28 

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Chemicals,  oils,  and  paints 

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89 


STATEMENT  BY  GROUPS 


Reduction    of    Duty    from     McKinley    Law    Made    by 
New   Law. 


ONE  HUNDRED  PER  CENT. 


Para- 
graph 

present 
law. 


31 


49 


126 


Articles. 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


ScHEDiTLE  A. — Chemicals,  Oils,  and  Paints. 

Acid,  sulphuric,  or  oil  of  vitrei,  not  otherwise  specially  pro- 
vided for 100 

Copper,  sulphate  of,  or  blue  vitriol 100 

Coal  tar,  all  preparations  of,  not  colors  or  dyes,  not  specially  < 

provided  for 100 

Oils,  mineral  : 

Naphtha,  benzine,  benzole,  dead  oil,  and  similar  products  , 

of  coal  tar 100 

Another '  100 

Iron,  sulphate  of,  copperas 100 

Indigo: 

Carmined , 100 

Extracts  or  paste  of |  100 

Iodine,  resublimed 100 

Oils : 

Cotton  seed 100 

Croton 100 

Paints,  colors,  etc.: 

Baryta,  sulphate  of,  barytes,  including  barytes  earth,  un- 
manufactured.....'.  .". j  100 

Ocher  and  ochery  e  rths,  dry j  100 

Sienna  and  sienna  earths,  dry 100 

Umber  and  umber  earths,  dry 1  100 

Potash,  caustic  or  hydrate  of,  refined  in  sticks  or  rolls j  100 

Soda,  sulphate  of :   "         • 

Glauber  salts 100 

Salt  cake,  or  nitercake I  100 


ScHKDULf?  B. — Earth,  Eakthewvaui-:,  a.vu  (Glassware. 
Stone  : 

Burr  stone  manufactured  or  bound  up  into  millstones 

*A11  articles  in  group  of  10 J  par  cent  are  mala  free  of  duty. 


100 


90  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  Jaw,  etc. — Continued. 
ONE  HUNDRED  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

present 
law. 


132 
140 


187 


191  j 
to  -j 
195 

195 


216 
217 
217 

218 


219 


221 
222 
223 


224 
225 


Articles. 


linner  than  No.  20. 


Schedule  C. — Metals,  and  Manufactures  of. 
Iron  ores : 

Chromate  of  iron,  or  chromic  ore 

Cotton  ties  of  iron  or  steel : 

Not  thinner  than  No.  10  wire  gague 
Thinner  than  No.  10  and  not  tliinn 
Antimony,  as  r  gulus  or  metal. 
Copper,  and  manufactures  of : 

Ores  (fine  copper  contained  therein) 

Regulus  of,  and  black  or  coarse  copper,  and  copper  cement, 

fine  copper  contained  therein 

01 1,  fit  only  for  lemanufacture,  and  clippings  from  new  copper, 
Composition  metal,  of   which  copper  is  a  component  ma- 
terial of  chief  value  not  specially  provided  for 

Plates,  not  rolled,  bars,  ingots,  Cliile  or  other  pigs,  and  in 
other  form,  not  manufactured,  not  specially  provided  for... 

Schedule  D. — Wo  'D,  and  Manufactures  of. 
Timber: 

Used  for  spars  and  in  building  wharves 

Hewn  and  sawed 

Squared  or  sided,  not  .specially  provided  for 

Lumber: 

Boards,  planks,  deals,  and  other  sawed  lumber — 

Of  hemlock,    white   wood,  sycamore,  white  pine  and 
basswood — 

Not  planed  or  finished 

Planed  or  finished  on  one  side , 

Planed  or  finished  on  two  side.s 

Planed  on  one  side  :ind  tongued  and  grooved 

Planed  on  two  sides  and  tungued  and  grooved 

All  sawed  lumber,  not  -pecialiy  providt-d  for — 

Not  planed  or  finished .' 

Planed  or  finished  on  one  side 

Planed  or  finished  on  tv\'o  sides 

Planed  on  one  side  and  tongued  and  grooved 

Planed  on  two  sides  and  tongued  and  grooved 

Paving  posts,  railroad  ties,  and  telephone  and  telegraph 

poles  of  cedar 

Unn  anufactured,  not  specially  provided  for •. 

Veneers  of  wood 

Clapboard.-: — 

Pine 

Spruce 

Hubs  for  wheels,  posts,  last,  wagon,  oar,  gun,  and  head- 
ing blocks,  and  all  like  blocks  or  sticks,  rough  hewn 

or  sawed  only 

Laths 

Pickets  and  palings 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


TARIFF   SCHEDULES. 

Slaternn>t  h;/  gwaps  of  the  rediicHons  of  duly  by  pre>^cnt  law,  dr. —Continued. 
ONE  HUNDRED  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


91 


Para- 
graph 

)  resent 


226 
227 


268 
272 
273 

274 
276 

282 
281 

294 
293 
293 
316 

322 


340 


Articl  s. 


Shingles- 
White  pine... 
All  other 

Staves  of  all  kinds 


Perce^it 

rtduc- 

tion. 


Schedule  G.— Agricultural  Products, 


Milk,  fresh 

Broom  corn  — 

Cabbage 

Cider • 

Eggs,  yolk  of 

Plants,  trees,  shrubs,  and  vines 

Peas  ,  green,  in  bulk  or  packages 

Fish,  fresh: 

He  ring 

Salmon 

AU  other 

Tallow  

Gr  ase  of  wool,  known  as  degras 

Salt: 

In  bags,  sacks,  barrels,  or  other  packages. 

In  bulk 


356 
357 
359 
359 
360 


362 


364 


Schedule  H.— Spirits  Wines,  etc. 

Lemonade,  soda  water,  and  other  similar  water.s: 

In  plain,  green,  or  colored,  molded,  or  pressed  glass  bottles- 
Containing  each  not  more  than  three-fourths  of  a  pint. . . 
Containing  more  than  three-lourths  of  a  pint  each  and 

not  more  than  one  and  one-half  pints •  •  •  •  • 

Otherwise  than  in  such  bottles,  or  in  such  bottles  cont.iin- 
ing  more  than  one  and  one-half  pints  each 


-Flax,  Hemp,  Jute,  etc 


Schedule  J. 
Flax: 

Straw 

Not  hackled  or  dressed 

Tow  of 

Hemp,  tow  of 

Hemp ,••.•■•; " 

Twine,  manufactured  in  whole  or  in  i)art  oi  istlc  or  lampico 
fibre,  manila,  sisal  grass,  or  sunn: 

Burlaps,  of  flax,  jiite,  or  hemp,  or  of  which  fl:ix,  jute  or  hemp 
or  either  of  them,  shall  be  the  component  material  of  chief 
value  (except  such  as  may  be  suitable  for  bagging  for  cotton)— 

Not  exceeding  60  inches  in  width 

Exceeding  60  inches  in  width 


100 


100 
100 


92^ 


DEMOCRATIC    CAxMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  lav,  etc. — Continued. 
ONE  HUNDRED  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


Para- 

graph 

Per  cent 

Articles. 

reduc- 

present 

tion. 

law. 

Schedule  J. — Flax,  Hemp,  Jute,  etc. — Continued. 

365 

Bags  for  grain  made  of  burlaps 

100 

366 

Bagging  for  cotton,  gunny  clotli,  and  all  similar  material  for  cov- 
ering cotton,  composed  in  whole  or  in  part  of  hemp,  flax,  jute. 

or  jute  butts — 

Valued  at  6  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

100 

Valued  at  more  than  6  cents  per  square  yard 

10® 

SCHEDIE  K. — AVOOL. 

Wools,  hair  of  the  camel,  goat,  alapaca,  and  other  like  animals, 

and  manufactures  ot  : 

Unmanufactured — 

384 

Class  1 :  Merino,  mestiza,  metz,  or  metis  wools,  or  other 
wools  of  merino  blood,  immediate  or  remote,  Down 
clothing  wools,  and  wools  o!  like  character  with  any 
of  the  preceding,  including  such  as  have  been  hereto- 
fore  usually  imported  into  the  United   States  from 
Buenos  Ayres,  New  Zealand,  Australia,  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  Russia,  Great  Britain,  Canada  and  elsewhere, 
and  also  including  all  wools  not  hereinafter  described, 

or  designated  in  classes  2  and  3 — 

Unwashed  wool 

100 

AVashed  wool 

100 

Scoured  wool 

100 

Class  2  :  Leicester,  Cotswold,iincolnshire,  Down  comb- 

ing wools,  Canada  long  wools,  or  other  like  combing 

wools  of  English  blood,  and  usually  known   by  the 

terms  herein  used,  and  also  all   hair  of  the  camel. 

goat,  alapaca  and  other  like  animals- 

Wool,  unscoured '. 

100 

Wool,  scoured 

100 

AVool,  sorted 

10© 

Hair  of  the  goat,  alapaca  and   other  like  animals, 

unscoured 

100 

Hair  of  the  goat,  ala  aca,  and  other  like  animals, 

scoured 

100 

Class  3 :  Donskoi,   native  South   American,  Cordova, 

Valparaiso,  native  Smyma,  Russian  camel's  hair,  and 

including  all  such  wools  of  like  character  as  Irnve 

been   heretofore  usually  imported  into  the   United 

States  from  Turkey,  Greece,  Egypt,  Syria,  and  els- 

where — 

385 

Value  13  cents  or  less  per  pound — 
Wool „....!. ; 

100 

Wool,  sorted .' 

100 

Camel's  hair,  Russian 

100 

TARIFF    SCHEDULES. 


93 


Staiemrnfs  bij  groupn  of  the  reduction  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 
ONE  HUNDRED  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para 
graph 

present 
law. 


386 


388 

389 
388 

443 

465 
469 


Articles. 


Schedule  K. — Wool — Continued. 

Value  over  13  cents  per  pound — 

Wool 

Wool,  sorted 

Camel's  hair,  Ku-sian , 

Manufactures,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  worsted, 
the  hair  o.  the  camel,  goat,  alapaca,  or  other  animals — 
Rags,  mungo,  flocks,  noils  and  waste — 

Top,  slubbing,  roving,  ring,  yarn,  garnetted  and  other 

wastes , 

Rags,  mungo  and  flocks 

Noils 


Schedule  N. — Sundries. 

Feathers  and  downs,  crude,  not  dressed  : 

Ostrich  feath  rs , 

All  other 

Paintings,  in  oil  or  water  colors 

Sta,tuary 

Hatters,  plu  h,  b  ack,  composed  of  silk,  orof  silk  and  cotton.... 

Articles  under  section  3,  act  of  O.t.  1,  1890  : 

Coffee 

Goatskins,  raw , 

Hides,  raw  or  uncured,  whether  dry,  salted  or  pickled,  and 
other  skins,  except  shee  )skins  with  the  wool  on 

Uneniimerated  under  section  4,  act  of  Oct.  1,  1890  : 

Enfleurage,  pomades 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


TOO 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100* 
100 

100 

100 


FROM  SEVENTY-FIVE  TO  ONE  HUNDRED  PER  CENT. 


136 
175 
247 
391 


Bar  iron,  all  other,  and  slabs,  blooms  or  loops 

Spikes  of  wrought  iron  or  steel 

Mules » 

Yarns,  woolens,  etc.,  valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents  per 

p  )und 

392     Cloths,  woolens,  etc.,  valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents  per 

pound 

Shawls,  woolen,  etc,  valued  at  more  than  30  cents  and  not  more 

than  40  cent|i  per  pound 

Common  pipes  of  clay 


392 


468 


76.31 
7(5.67 

78.55 

89.23 

75.47 

76.71 
80.04 


FROM  FIFTY  TO  SEVENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT. 

14 

Borax,  refined 

60 

26 

Sumac,  extract  of 

56  ')7 

37 

Oil,  castor 

56  ••'8 

47 

Opium  : 

Aqueous,  extract  of 

50 

48 

Prepared  for  .smoking 

r>0 

94  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Statement  by  groups  of  the  reducli&ns  of  duty  by  present  lau;  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  FIFFY  TO  SEVENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

present 
lav. 


C. 


81 


9.5 
101 
125 
148 

152 


152 


•164 
16.5 
167 

168 
17  J 


170 


181 
185 
190 

198 


Articles. 


Paints  and  colors  :  Baryta,  sulphat*'  t 

Whiting  and  Paris  white,  drj- 

AVhiting,  ground  in  oil  (putty)  

Lead  : 

Acetate  of — 

White 

Litharge  

Nitrate  of 

Orange  mineral 

White  

Potash  : 

Hydriodate,  Iodide  and  iodate  of . 

Nitrateof 

Santonine  

Soap,  all  other 

Soda: 

Bicarbonate  of 

Hydrate  of 

Sal 


Sponges  

Cement,  other 

Clocks,  China,  chief  value 

Clocks,  mirble  chief  value 

Wire  rope  a  d  wire  strand,  made  of  steel  wire  galvanized,  not 

smaller  than  No.  5  wire  gauge,  cold  rolled,  etc 

Sheets  and  plates  and  saw  plates  of  steel  not  spe  ially  provided 
for,  cold  r  lied,  better  than  the  grade  her.'inbefore  provided 
for  : 

Valued  above  4  cents  and  not  above  7  cents  per  pound  .... 

Valued  above  7  cents  and  not  above  10  cents  per  pound...., 
Steel  circular  .saw  plates  valued  above — 

4  cents  and  not  above  7  ce  ts  p  r  pound 

7  ce  ts  and  not  above  10  cents  per  pou!id 

Chains,  not  less  than  f  of  1  inch  in  diameter 

Penknives  valued  at  not  more  than  oO  cents  per  dozen 

All  carving  or  cooking  kni  ^es,  valued  at  not  more  than  $4  per 

dozen  pieces 

Files,  14  inches  in  length  and  over  

Pistols,  revolvi  g  : 

Valued  at  not  more  than  $1. .50  each , 

Valued  at  more  than  $1.50  each 

Shotguns,  double-barreled,  valued  at — 

Not  more  than  $6  each 

More  than  $6  and  not  more  than  $12  each 

Railway  fish  plates,  etc 

Wheels,  or  parts  thereof,  etc 

Bronze  or  Dutch  metal,  etc 

aluminum  leaves  in  packages  of  100  Icavt-s  

Silver  leaf 


Per 
cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


55.36 

50 

50 


50 
50 
50 
50 
50 

50 
50 
60 
50 

50 

.50 

50 

.50 

50 

.5S.33 

50 

58.40 


60.09 
5.S.  1 1 

56.68 
50 

61.50 
68.64 

52.99 
50 

53.15 
56.16 

.5.5.88 

62.t)4 

6.5.36 

.50 

60.88 

.55.02 

61.43 


TARIFF   SCHEDULES. 

FROM  FIFTY  TO  SEVENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 

Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 


95 


Articles 


Le;\d: 

Contained  in  silver  ore 

Contained  in  otheiore 

Pigs  and  bars,  etc ; 

Sheets,  pipes,  shot,  etc 

Type  metal 

Zinc: 

In  sheets 

Sugar  candy  and  confectionery  valued  at  12c.  or  less  per  pound. 
Cattle  : 

One  year  old  or  less 

More  than  1  year  old 

Barley  

Beans 


Hay 

Onions 

Seeds:  Castor  beans  or  seeds 

Garden  seeds,  etc.,  n.  s.  p 

Vegetables,  other,  in  their  natural  state. 
Straw. 


Teazles 

Peanut!^,  unshelled. 
Apples,  dried,  etc... 

Lard 

Sage 


Cloth,  cotton  : 

Bleached,  not  exceeding  50  threads  to  the  square  inch,  valued 
at  9  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Dyed,  etc.,  valued  at  12  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Other  articles  of  wearing  apparel,  etc. ,  of  which  India  rubber  is 

a  compo-ent  material 

Hemp,  hackled 

Cables,  cordage  and  twine,  of  hemp,  untarred 

tarred..* ; 

Gill  netting,  made  of  thread  or  twine  not  higher  than  20 

Shoddy 

Yarns,  woolens,  etc.,  valued  at  more  than  : 

Thirty  cents  and  not  more  than  40  cents  per  pound 

Forty  cents  per  pound , 

Cloths,  woolen,  etc. ,  valued  at : 

More  tJian  .30  cents  and  not  more  than  40  cents  pound 

Above  40  cents  per  pound 

Shawls,  woolen,  etc.,  valued  at  above  40  cents  per  pound 

Kni  t  fabrics,  etc.,  valued  at : 

More  than  80  cents  and  not  more  than  40  cents  per  pound.. 


Above  40  cents  per  pound, 
jl.. 


All  knit  wearing  apparel 
All  other  manufactures : 

N.  S.  P.,  valued  at  not  more  than  30  cents  per  pound. 


96  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGX    BOOK. 

Statements  by  groups  of  tlie  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  FIFTY  TO  SEVENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 
of 
present 
law. 


393 


S93 


394 


396 


401 
405 
406 

409 
411 

416 
424 
427 
431 
43S 
432 
446 
464 


Articles. 


All  other  manufactures — Continued. 

Valued  at  more  than  30  cents  and  not  more  than  40  cents  per 

pound. ..     

Blankets,  valued  at : 

Nut  ijiore  than  30  '^ents  per  pounl. 

]More  than  30  cents  and  not  more  than  40  cents  per  pound. ... 

More  than  40  cents  and  not  more  than  50  cents  per  pound 

More  than  50  cents  per  pound , 

Hats,  of  wool,  valued  at : 

Not  more  than  30  cents  per  pound 

More  than  30  cents  and  not  more  than  40  cents  per  pound. ... 

More  than  40  cents  and  not  more  than  50  cents  per  pound.... 

More  than  50  cents  per  pound 

Flannels  for  underwear,  valued  at : 

Not  more  than  30  cents  per  pound 

More  than  30  cents  and  not  more  thnn  40  cents  per  pound 

More  than  40  cents  and  not  more  than  50  cents  per  pound... 
Dress  goods,  of  which  the  warp  consists  wholl)'  of  cotton,  etc., 

valued  at : 

Weighing  over  4  ounces  per  square  yard 

All  other.  

Felts  not  woven 

Plushes  and  other  pile  fabrics 

Carpets,  etc. : 

Brussels 

Wool,  Dutch,  etc 

Drugge  s  and  bockings,  etc 

Felt,  carpeting   

Silk,  not  raw,  partly  manufactured,  etc 

Vel  ets,  Plushes,  and  other  pile  fabrics  containing,  exclusive  of 

selvedges,  75  percent  or  more  in  weight  of  silk 

Sh  athing  pa]  er,  patent 

Cards,  playing 

Brooms....'. , 

Sho3  button.-,  etc 

Firecrackers 

S  ack  or  clum  of  coal 

Gun  wads 

Mattings  and  mats  made  of  cocoa  liber  or  rattan  : 

Matting 

Mats 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PI',R  CENT. 


A. 


Boracic  acid... 
Chromic  acid. 
Tartaric  acid 


TARIFF   SCHEDULF^. 


97 


Stati'iiienl  hy  (jroups  of  the  redactions  of  duty  by  present  law   etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT. —Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

of 

present 

law. 


100 
101 


Articles. 


AImn,  alumina,  etc 

Ammonia,  muriate  of 

Borax,  crude  or  borate  of  soda,  or  borate  of  lime. 

i  Chalk,  prepared 

j  Coal -tar,  colors  or  dyes 

Glycerine  : 

"Crude  not  purified 

Refined 

Iodoform 

Magnesia  : 

Carbonate  of 

Sulphate 

Oils: 

Cod-liver 

Fi ax  seed  or  linseed 

Poppy-seed 

Peppermint 

Whale 

Blanc  fixe 


Chrome  yellow  or  chrome  green,  dry  or  ground  in  oil . 
Ultramarine 


Spirit  varnishes  :  All  other,  including  gold  size  or  Japan 

Vermilion,  red,  containing  quicksilver 

Zinc,  oxide  of,  ground  in  oil 

Lead,  red 

Phosphorus 

Potash — chromate  and  bichromate  of 

Calomel,  etc 

Sola: 

Bichromate  and  chromate  of 

Silicate  of 

Strychnia 

Sulphur  : 

Sublimed 

Refined 

Sumac,  ground 

Tartar — tartars  and  less  crystals 

Tartrate  of  soda  and  potassa  or  Rochelle  salts 

Brick,  fire — glazed,  enameled,  etc 

Brick,  other  than  fire — ornamented,  glazed,  etc 

Plaster  of  Paris  :  Calcined 

Clays  or  earths  : 

Un  wrought 

China  clay 

AVrought ... 

Earthenware  and  china  : 

Painted,  tinted,  etc 

Plain  white 

Lava  tips 


98 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


Articles. 


Per  C'  nt 
reduc- 
ti'  >n. 


Bottles  and  vi.ls,  flint  and   ime  : 
empty-r-holding 

not  mor  •  thbu  1  pint  and  not  less  than  \  pint 

more  than  1  pint 

filled— holding 

not  more  tlian  1  pint  and  not  less  than  I  pint 

more  than  1  pint 

green  and  colored — 
empty— holdi  g 

not  more  than  1  pint  and  not  less  tlian  l  pint 

more  than  1  pint 

filled — holding 

not  more  than  1  pint  and  not  less  than  |  pint  

mo;e  than  1  pint 

Demijuhns  and  carboys,  emptj',  holding  more  than  1  pint 

Flint  and  lime,  pressed  glassware,  not  cut,  etc 

Articles  of  glass,  cut,  engraved,  etc 

Thin-blown  glass 

All  other  manufactures  of  glass 

Glass  buttons 

Heavy-blown  glass 

Porcelain  or  opd  glassware 

Cylinder,  crownand  common  window-glass  : 

Not  exceeding  10  by  15  inclies  square  

Above  10  by  15  inches,  and  not  exceeding  16  by  24  ir.ches.. 
Above  10  by  24  inches,  and  not  exceeding  24  by  30  indies.. 
Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not  exceeding  24  by  36  inches.. 

All  above  24  by  .36  inches    

Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished,  unsilvered  : 

Not  exceeding  16  by  24  inches  square 

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not  exceeding  24  by  30  inches.. 
Above  24  by  30  inches,  and  not  exceeding  24  by  60  inches.. 
Plate-glass : 

Fluted,  rolled  or  rough — 

Above  10  by  15  inches,  and  not  exceeding  16  by  24 

inches..  

Above  16  by  24  inches,  and  not  exceeding  24  by  30 

i  idle 

All  above  24  by  30  inches 

Fluted,  rolled  or  rough,  ground  smooth  or  otherwise  ob- 
scured, all  above  24  by  60  inches 

Polished,  finished,  etc.,  all  above  24  by  60  inches 

Cast,  polished  and  silvered  : 

Above  24  by  30  inc'ies  an  I  not  exceeding  24  by  60  in... 

All  above  24  by  60  inches 

Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished,  silvered  and  looking-glass 
plates  : 

Above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  exceeding  24  by  60  inches.. 
All  -..bove  24  bv  60  inches 1 


TARIFF   SCHEDULBB. 


99 


SiaU-ment  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT— Continued. 


118 


118 


118 

119 
120 
121 
127 

128 
129 
130 
C.  133 
134 


135 


13<j 


137 

138 


13'.* 
140 


141 
C.     142 


Cylinder,  crown  and  common  window  glass,  unpolished,  when 
groun  ,  obscured,  etc. : 

Above  10  by  15  inches  and  not  exceeding  16  by  24  inches. 

Above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  exceeding  24  by  36  inches. 

All  above  24  by  36  inches 

Cyhnder  and  crown  gla-s,  polished,  silvered  when  ground,  ob- 
scured, etc. : 

Above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  exceeding  24  by  60  inches. 

All  above  24  by  60  inches 

Plate-glas.s,  cast,  polished,  silvered,  when  ground,  ob.scured,  etc. : 

All  above  24  by  60  inches 

Spc'Ctacles  and  eyeglasses 

Lenses  costing  $1.50  per  gross  pairs,  or  less 

Spectacle  and  eyeglass  lenses,  with  edge-  ground,  etc , 

Free-tone,  sandsto  e,  granite,  etc. ,  except  marble,  undressed  or 

unmanufactured , 

Freestone,  sandstone,  granite,  etc.,  except  marble. 

Stone,  grindstone 

Slate,  slates,  slate  chimney  pieces,  etc 

Iron  ores:  AH  other  ore 

Iron  in  pigs,  etc. : 

Forrosilicon  . 


Spiegeleiseu 
Ail  other 


bcrap  iron,  etc. : 

Iron,  wrought  and  cast 

Steel 

Bar  iron,  rolled  or  hammered  flats  : 

Less  than  1  inch  wide  and  less  than  f  of  an  inch  thick,  etc.. 

Not  less  than  1  inch  wide,  etc 

Round  iron  not  less  than  |  inch,  etc 

Bars  or  shapes  of  rolled  irou  not  specially  provided  for 

Bars,  blooms,  billets,  etc. 

Beams,  girders,  joists 

Boiler  or  other  plate  iron  or  steel  valued  above  : 

1.4  cents  and  not  above  2  cents  per  pound 

2  cents  and  not  above  3  cents  per  pound 

3  cents  and  not  above  4  cents  per  pound 

4  cents  and  not  above  7  Ci  nt   per  pound  

13  cents  per  pound 

Forgings  of  iron  or  steel 

Hoop,  band  or  scroll,  etc.,  valued  at  3  cents  per  pound  or  less  : 

Not  thinner  than  No.  10  wire  gauge  

Thinner  than  No.  10  and  not  thinner  thai '.No  20wiregauge. 

Thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gauge 

Flat  rails  punched,  iron  or  sted , 

T-rails,  etc,  iron 

Sheets  of  iron,  etc,  thinner  than — 

No.  10  and  not  thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gauge 

No.  20  and  not  thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge 


IDO  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTi'-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT— Contnnued. 


Para- 
graph 

of 

present 

law. 


Articles. 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


143 


144 
145 


146 


146 


148 


Sheets  or  plates  of  iron  or  steel,  etc.,  thinner  than — 

No.  10  and  not  thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gauge  

No.  20  and  not  thinner  than  No.  2-5  wire  gauge 

No.  25  wire  gauge 

Sheets  and  plates,  pickled  etc.,  thinner  than — 

No.  10  and  not  thinner  than  No.  20  wire  gaug  ■ 

No.  20  and  not  thinner  than  No.  25  wire  gauge ,.., 

No.  25  wire  gauge 

Sheet  iron  or  sheet  steel,  polished,  etc < 

Tin: 

Plates,  lighter  than  63  pounds  per  100  square  feet ! 

All  other ' 

Manufactures  of,  not  specially  provided  for ! 

Foil I 

Steel  ingots,  cog  ingots,  etc.     Valued  :  j 

At  1  cent  per  pound  or  les: i 

Above  1  4-10  cents  and  not  above  1  8-10  cents  per  pound 

Above  2  2-10  cents  and  not  above  3  cents  per  pound 

Above  3  cents  and  not  above  4  cents  per  pound ' 

Above  4  cents  and  n  t  above  7  cents  per  pound j 

Above  7  cents  and  not  above  10  cents  per  pound 1 

Above  10  cents  and  not  above  13  cents  per  pound \ 

A  ove  13  cent-  and  not  above  16  cents  per  pound i 

I        Above  16  cents  per  pound ! 

Sheets  and  plates  and  saw  i^lates  of  steel  not  spi^cially  provided 
for,  valued  above — 

1  4-10  cents  and  not  above  1  8-10  cents  per  pound 

2  2-10  cents  and  not  above  3  cents  per  pound 

3  cents  and  not  above  4  cents  per  pound 

4  cents  an  '  not  above  7  cents  per  pound 

7  cents  and  not  above  10  cents  per  pound 

10  cents  and  not  above  13  cents  per  pound 

13  cents  and  not  above  16  cents  per  pound 

16  cents  per  pound 

Wire  rods : 

Rivet,  screw,  fence,  etc.,  valued  at3J  cents  or  less  per  pound.. 

Flatiron  or  steel,  etc.,  valued  at  3  cents  or  less  per  pound 

"Wire  of  iron  or  steel,  etc. — 

Flat  steel  wire  or  shee  steel,  etc. — 

Smaller  than  No.  16  and  not  smaller  than   No.  26  wire 


gauge 

Smaller  than  No.  26  wire  gauge 

Coated  with  zinc  or  tin  or  any  other  metal — 

Not  smaller  than  No.  10  wire  gauge 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not  smaller  than  No.  16  wire 


gauge 

Smaller  than  No.  26  wire  gauge 

"Wire  of  iron  and  steel,  ga'vanized,  valued  at  more  than  4  cents 
per  pound 


45.73 
43.25 
37.22 

34.01 
31.51 
25.66 
30 

46.05 
45.55 
36.36 
36.36 

25 

25 

25 

25 

35.02 

32.15 

31.43 

33.33 

32.85 


25 

25 

25 

35 

32.14 

31.29 

33.33 

32.93 

33.  .33 
33.33 


33.33 
33.:S3 


.40 


33.33 
42.82 


25.98 


TARIFF   SCHEDULES. 


Statement  by  groups  of  the  rebictioas  of  duty  by  preserd  .'aw.,  -,;/r:.T-C«^ntiji»,ed- 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

of 
present 

law. 

Articles. 

Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 

Wire  rope  and  wire  strand — 

25 

M  de  of  iron   wire,  galvanized,  smaller  than   No.    26   wire 

31  65 

Made  of  steel  wire,  galvanized — 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not  smaller  than  No.  16  wire  gauge. 
Smaller  than  No.  16  and  not  smaller  than  No.  26  wire 

39  85 
27.27 

32.34 

152 

Steel  ingots,  cog  ingots,  blooms,  and  slabs  : 

Valued  above  7  cents  and  not  above  10  cents  per  pound 

Valued  ab  -ve  13  cents  and  not  above  16  cents  per  pound 

Valued  above  16  cents  per  pound 

Boiler  or  other  plate  iron  or  steel  not  thinner  than  No.  10  wi  e 
gauge : 

37.89 
37.06 
35.16 

37.29 

Valued  above  3  cents  and  not  above  4  cents  per  pound 

27  08 

Sheets  of  iron  and  steel,  etc.,  valued  at  3  cents  per  pound  or 
less,  etc.,  thinner  than— 
No   10  and  not  thi"ner  than  No  20  wire  gauge  

34 

IVn    90  iinrl  nnt,  t.liiiiiipr  f.han  ]Vn    2.5   wiro  fauffe 

31  49 

25. 77 

Sheets  and  plates,  and  ga\\-  pLites  of  steel,  not  specially  provided 

35  17 

Sheets  and  plates,  and  saw  plates  of  steel,  not  specially  provided 
for,  cold  rolled,  better  than  the  grade  hereinbefore  provided 
for,  vilued  above— 

10  ppnt.c!  5111(1  not,  iibovp  1.3  ppnt^  n^^r  nnund                  

49  48 

1*^  ppnt«  nnrl  nnf,  nhnvp  16  fpnt^  npr  nnniifl              .                   .    . 

48  64 

42  99 

C      15o 

Steel  circular-saw  plates,  valuad  above  10  cents  -and  not  above 

13  cents  per  pound ... 

Anchors   or  parts  thereof  etc            

46.65 
33.57 

154 

Av1p>;    nr  nfirt^  thprpnf  pto,                           .          ...         

25 

155 

Anvils                                                                                          

30 

156 

TTnmniPTd  nnrl  slpdcp'?   pto 

33  33 

158 

33.31 

160 

33.32 

161 

33.33 

16'^ 

48.57 

163 

Hollow  ware             

33.34 

164 

Chains: 

Less  than  1  of  1  inch  and  not  less  than  f  of   1   inch  in  di- 

36.55 

Less  than  «  of  1  inch  in  diameter   

42.13 

Other 

33.  .33 

165 

Penknives  valued  at  not  more  than  50  cents  per  dozen 

31  36 

Valued  at  more  than  50  cents,  and  not  exceeding  $1.50 

35.59 

$1.50  and  not  exceeding  $3  per  dozen 

$3  per  dozen 

38.22 
42.5 

102  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Statement  hy  group,^  of  the  reditrtions  of  duty  by  present  lav,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Articles. 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


Razors: 

Valued  at  less  than  $4  per  dozen 

Valu  d  at  $4  or  more  per  dozen 

Table  knives,  etc.,  valued  at: 

Not  more  than  |lper  dozen  pieces 

More  than  |1  and  not  more  than  $2  per  dozen 

All  carving  and  cook  knives,  etc.,  value     ai,  more  than  $4  and 

not  more  than  $8  per  dozen  pieces 

Shotguns: 

Double-barreled,  valued  at  more  than  $12  each 

Single-barreled 

She  its  and  plates,  etc. ,  enameled  or  glazed  with  vitreous  glasses, 

with  more  thai  one  color  or  ornamented 

Nails,  wire: 

Shorter  than  1  inch  and  lighter  than  No.  16  wire  gauge 

From  1  to  2  inches  in  length  and  lighter  than  No.  12,  and 

not  lighter  than  No.  16  wire  gang',- 

Needles  for  knitting  or  sewing  machines 

Saws: 

Cross-cut 

Hand  back 

Screws: 

Over  h  inch  and  not  over  1  inch  in  length 

Over  i  inch  and  nv)t  more  thin  2  inches  in  length 

More  than  2  inches  in  length 

Ingots,  cogged  ingots,  blooms,  or  blanks  for  railway  wheels,  etc..| 

Aluminum  in  crude  form i 

Arg  ntine,  albata,  etc | 

Plates,  rolled,  called  brazier's  copper,  etc i 

Sheathing  or  yellow  metal,  etc | 

Gold  leaf 

Mica 


tc 


Nickel 

Quicksilver  .... 
Pens,  metallic. 

Types,  new 

Zinc: 

In  pigs  or  blocks 

Old  and  worn  out 

Manufactures,  articles,  or  wares  not  .specially  provided  for: 

Clocks,  and  parts  of 

Musical  instruments 

Shooks,  sugar  box,  etc 

Casks,  and  barrels,  empty 

Furniture,  cabinet  or  house 

All  other  manufactures  of  wood,  etc 

Musical  instruments,  wood  chief  value 

Clocks,  wood  chief  value         

Carriages  and  paits  of,  wood  chief  value 


32.76 

28.27 

26.53 
.3.3.95 

26.19 

35.47 
27.01 

30 

46.16 

31.51 

28  57 

27.91 
37.50 

30 

28.58 

40 

28.57 

33.35 

40 

42.86 

42.86 

.33.14 

42. 8§ 

40 

30 

33. 1» 

40 

42.85 
40 

44.44 
44.44 
3.3.33 
33.33 
28.57 
28.57 
28.57 
28.57 
28.57 


TARIFF    SCHEDULES.  103 

Stafement  hy  groups  of  the  reductions  of  ditty  by  present  lair,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Articles. 


Sugar  candy  and  confectionery,  etc.,  other  not  specially  prO' 

vided  for 

Glucose  and.  grape  su'ar 

Leaf  tobacco,  not  stemmed,  for  cigar  wrappers 

Horses  valued  at  less  than  $150  each 

$150  and  over , 

Buckwheat ~ 

Macaroni,  etc 

Oats 

Rice,  cleaned 

Butter  and  substitutes  therefor 

Cheese 

Milk,  preserved,  etc 

Milk,  sugar  of 

Prepared  or  preserved  :  Beans,  peas,  etc 

Eggs 

Honey 

Hops 

Potatoes ? 

Linseed  or  flaxseed.... 

Poppy  and  other  oil  seeds 

Pickles  and  sauces 

All  other  not  specially  provided  for 

In  cases  or  packages  made  of  tin  : 

Herring 

Mackarel 

Salmon 

Other 

Figs 

Raisins 

Fruits  preserved  in  their  own  juices 

Nuts  : 

Almonds — 

Not  shelled 

Shelled 

Filberts  and  walnuts — 

Not  shelled'. 

Shelled 

All  other  shelled  or  unshelled  n.  s.  p 

Apples  green  or  ripe 

Fresh  beef 

Poultry,  live 

Dressed 

Starch .' 

Mustard 

Spirits,  distilled— 

Brandy 

Grain 

Other  materials 


104 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  lav,  etc. — Continued. 
FRO-M  TWEXTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CEXT.— Cont  nued. 


Compounds  or  preparation?,  etc 

Cordials,  liquors,  etc 

Bay  rum 

Malt  liquors  : 

In  bottles  or  jugs 

Not  in  bottles  or  jugs 

Malt  extract : 

In  both  bottles  and  jugs ,  

In  casks 

Solid  or  condensed 

Cherry  juice  and  other  fruit  juice  containing  more  than  18  per 

cent  of  alcohol 

Ginger  ale,  etc.,  containing  more  than  |  of  a  pint  each  and  not 

more  than  1^  pints 

Cloth,  not  oleached,  dyed,  etc,  not  exceeding  50  threads  to  the 

square  inch,  valued  at  6^  cents  or  less,  per  square  yard 

Cloth  exceeding  .50  threads  and  not  exceeding  100  threads  per 
.square  inch : 

Not  bleached,  etc.,  valued  at  6 J  cents  or  less  per  square  yard.. 

Bleached,  etc.,  valued  at  9  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Cloth  not  exceeding  100  threads  per  square  hich  : 

Not  bleached,  etc.,  valued  at  over  6i  cents  per  square  yard. 

Bleached,  valued  at  over  9  cents  per  square  j-^aid l. 

Cloth  exceeding  100  threads  and  not  exceeding  150  threads  per 
square  inch  : 

Not  beached,  etc.,  valued  at  7i  cents  per  squire  yard 

Not  bleached,  etc.,  valued  at  over  7-}  cents  per  square  yard.. 

Bleached,  etc.,  valued  at  10  cents  or  les--  per  squ  ire  yard 

Cloth  exceeding  1-50  threads  and  not  exceeding  200  threads  per 
square  inch : 

Not  bleached,  etc.,  valued  at  8  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Not  bleached,  valued  at  10  cents  per  square  3'^ard 

Cloth  exceeding  200  threais  per  square  inch  : 

Not  bleached,  valued  at  10  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Bleached,  etc.,  n.  o.  s 

Plushes,  velvets,  etc.,  not  bleached 

Corduroys,  etc.,  not  bleached,  etc  

Chenille,  curtains,  etc 

Shirts  and  drawers  : 

Valued  at  more  than  $l..50  and  not  more  than  $3  perdozen.. 

Valu  d  at  more  than  $3  and  not  more  than  $5  p  r  dozen 

Stockings,  etc. ,  selvedged,  etc  : 

Valued  at  more  tlian  60  cents  and  not  more  than  $2  per 
dozen  pairs _ 

Valued  at  more  than  $2  and  not  more  than  §4  perdozen  pairs.. 

Flax,   hackled*. 

Cables,  cordage  and  twine — other  untarred,  etc 

All  other 

Gill  netting  made  from  thread  or  twine  finer  than  20 


TARIFF    SCHEDULES. 


105 


hiatimeiit  of  groups  of  fhe  reductions  of  dufij  hij  present  laic,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

of 

present 

law. 


3(;9 


M. 


370 
371 


372 
374 


K.    392 


393 
394 


:;96 

397 
398 

399 
400 
402 
403 
404 
407 
408 
413 


415 
41S 
419 
426 
429 
430 
434 
436 
432 

441 
442 
443 


448 
449 

4.5C 
4.5] 
452 


Articles. 


Oil  cloths  for '  floors,  etc. : 

Valued  at  25  cents  or  less  per  square  yard... 

Valued  above  25  cents  per  square  yard 

Yarns  or  threads,  flax  or  hemp,  valued  at  le.ss  than  13  cents  per 

pound 

Manufactures  of  flax  or  hemp,  of  which   these  substances   or 

either  of  them  is  the  component  material  of  chief  value 

Collars  and  cuffs  entirely  of  cotton 

Manufactures  of  jute,  etc.,  valued  at  5  cents  per  pound  or  less... 
]\Ianufactures  of  other  vegetable  fibre,  valued  at  5  cents  per 

pound  or  less 

All   other  manufactures  of  wool,  n.  s.  p.,  valued  at  above  40 

cents  per  pound 

Flannels  weighing  over  4  ounces  per  square  yard 

Dress  goods,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  wool,  etc.,  weighing 

over  4  ounces  per  square  yard 

Dress  goods,  not  exceeding  15  cents  per  squafe  yard 

Dress  goods,  valued  at  above  15  cents  per  square  yard 

Other  clothing,  ready  made,  etc 

Cloaks,  dolmans,  etc 

Webbhig,  gorings,  suspenders,  etc 

Carpets,  etc. 

Aubusson,  Axminster,  etc. : 

Saxony,  Wilton,  etc 

Velvet  and  tapestry  velvet 

Tapestry  .Brussels. ." 

Treble  ingrain,  etc 

Carpets  of  wool,  etc 

Carpets  and  carpeting  of  cotton 

Knit  goods,  composed  in  part  of  India  rubber 

Ready-made  clothing  and  other,  composed  in  part  of  India  rubber. 

Pulp  of  wood,  mechanically  ground 

Printing  paper,  etc.,  sized  or  glued 

Paper,  known  commercially  as  copying  paper,  etc 

Bristles 

Pearl  and  shell  buttons 

Ivory,  vegetable  ivory,  buttons 

Corks 

Dolls,  dollheads,  etc 

Bituminous  coal  and  shale 

Coke 

Matches,  in  boxes  containing  not  more  than  100  per  box 

Percussion  caps 

Ostrich  feathers,  dressed , 

All  other  feathers,  dressed 

Feathers,  and  flowers,  artificial,  ornamental,  etc 

Haircloth,  crinoline  cloth 

Haircloth   (seating) 

Hair  curled,  suitable  for  beds  or  mattresses 

Hats,  composed  of  rabbit  fur,  etc 

Jewelry,  n.  s.  p 


Percent 
reduc- 
t'on. 


106 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Stittemeni  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued. 
FROM  TWENTY-FIVE  TO  FIFTY  PER  CENT.— Continued. 


Articlt 


Calfskins,  japanned 

Pianoforte  and  pianoforte  action  leather 

I.adies'  and  children's  gloves  : 

Schmaehen,  pique  or  prick  seam,  etc 

•Schmachen,   lined  

Lamb,   plain 

Lamb,  pique  or  prick  seam,  etc ' 

I-amb,  lined 

Kid,  plain 

Kid,  pique  or  prick  seam   

Kid,  lined 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  etc 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  lined 

Gloves,  men's,  over  14  inches  in  extreme  length 

Plain 

Pique  or  prick  seam,  etc  

Lined,  composed  wholly  or  in  part  of  kid 

Do 

Do 

Osier  or  willow 

Osier  or  willow  manufactures  of 

Masks,  composed  of  paper  or  pulp 

Slate  pencils 

Pipes,  pipe  bowl«,  etc 

Stiksfor  umb-ellas,  pai^sols,  etc.,  carved 


Per 
cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


LE;S  TH\X  T\VE}^rY-FIVE  PER  CENT. 


Acids:  Acetic,  specific  gravity  exceeding  1.047 

Citric " 

Tannic  

Ammonia: 

Carbonate  of 

Sulphate  o' 

Blacking 

Bone  char 

Camphor,  rofined  

Co'^alt,  oxide  of 

Collodion: 

All  compounds  of  p  roxyln 

Rolled  or  in  sheets 

Ethers:  Fruit  ethers,  oils,  or  essences 

Logwoofl  and  other  dyewoods 

Fi.'ih  g  ue  or  isinglass: 

Valued  at  not  above  7  cents  per  pound 

VaUud  at  above  30  cent>  per  pound   

Gelatin,  valued  at  above  30  cents  per  pound  ... 
Glue:  \'ahn.'d  at  not  above  7  cents  per  pound  . 

Valued  at  above  30  cents  per  pound 

Ink  and  ink  powder 


TAEIFF   SCHEDULES.  lOT 

Statement  bii  groups  of  thf  rediu-tions  of  dafi/  hi/  present  Ixw,  tic — Continued. 
LESS  THAN  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT.— Continned. 


Articles. 


Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 


79 
90 
93 
94 
96 
99 
102 
10.3 


107 
114 


115 
IIH 


122 


Licorice 

^Nhxgnes  a,  calcined 

Oil,  fish 

Black  made  from  bone,  etc 

Ocher  and  ocher  earths,  ground  in  oil  

Sienna  and  sienna  earths  

Um'  er  and  unfber  earths 

Spirit  varnishes 

Zinc,  oxide  of,  drj' I 

All  other  paints  and  colors,  mixed  or  ground,  etc ! 

Pota-h,  prussiate  of:  | 

Red 

Yellow 

Pi-eparations  used  as  applications  to  the  hair,  mouth,  etc \ 

Soap,  fancy i 

Tartar,  cream  of  j 

Brick,  fire,  not  glazed | 

Tiles,  ornamented,  glazed,  etc i 

Lime 


I  Karthenware  and  china,  brown  

j  Gas  retorts 

I  Bottles  and  vials,  flint  and  lime: 

I  Empty,  holding  le-s  than  \  pint 

j  Filled,  holding  less  than  J  pint  

1  Bottles  and  vials,  green,  colored: 

I  Emptv,  holding  less  than  |^  pint 

i  Filled,  holding  less  than  \  pint 

i  Clieiiiical  glas-ware 

.  Plat*:-  glass,  fluted,  rolled,  or  rough,  ground  smooth  or  otherwise  j 
I      obscured,  above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  exceeding  24  by  60 
i      inches 

Plate  gla-s,  polished,  finished,  etc.,  above  24  by  30  inches  and 
not  exceeding  24  by  60  nches,  unsilvered 

Cylinder,  crown,  and  common  gla-s,  unpolished  when  ground, 
obs  ured,  etc: 


Not  exceeding  10  by  15  inches  square 

Above  16  bv  24  and  not  above  24  bv  30 . 


Cylinder  and  crown  glass,  polished  unsilv^'red  when  ground, 
obscured,  etc: 

Not  exceeding  16  by  24  inches  square  

Above  16  by  24  inches  and  not  exce  ding  24  by  30  inches  ... 
Above  24  by  .30  inches  and  not  exceeding  24  by  60  inches ... 
Plate  glass,  cast,  polished,  silvered  when  ground,  obscured,  etc., 

above  24  by  30  inches  and  not  exceeding  24  by  60  inches 

Plate  glass,  cast,  polLsh^d,  unsilvered  when  ground,  obscur^'d, 

etc.,  above  24  by  30  an  I  not  exceeding  24  by  60  inches 

All  above  24  hy  60  nches 

'Stained  or  painted'window  glass,  etc 

Tenses  of  glass  or  pebble  whol  y  or  partly  manufactured,  etc. ... 


9.11 
12.50 
22.17 
20 

16.66 
16.66 
16.66 
14.38 
20 
16.67 

13.91 
1.57 

20 
4.53 
6.76 
.60 

11.11 

16.67 

20 
1.09 

20 
20 

19.99 

20 

11.11 

20 

10 


13.56 
23.70 


22.58 
22.62 
20.94 

17  62 

6.78 
19.38 
22.22 
22.22 


108 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Statement  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  dnfij  hij  the  present  knv,  etc, — Continued.! 
LESS  THAN  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

present 
law. 

Articles. 

Pep 

cent 
redui 
tion 

123 
124 
125 

Marble: 

In  block,  rough,  or  squared 

Veined  marble,  sawed,  etc 

All  manufactures  of ,, 

23. 
22. 

10 
20 

7. 
19. 
21. 
24. 

131 

Slate,  roofing 

C.     138 
141 

Boiler  or  other  plate  iron  or  steel : 

Valued  above  1  cent  and  not  above  1.4  cents  per  pound 

Valued  above  7  cents  and  not  above  10  aents  per  pound 

Valued  above  10  cents  and  not  above  13  cents  per  pound... 

142 
146 

Sheets  of  iron,  etc.: 

Thinner  than  No.  25,  wire  gauge 

Corrugated  or  crimped 

Steel  ingots,  cog  ingots,  etc. : 

21. 
21. 

20 

148 

V  lued  above  1.8  cents  and  not  above  2.2  cents  per  pound.. 
Sheet  and  plates  and  saw  plates  of  steel,  not  specially  provided 
for: 

Valued  above  1  cent  and  not  above  1.4  cents  per  pound 

Valued  above  1.8  cents  and  not  above  2.2  cents  per  pound.. 
Wire  of  iron  or  steel : 

Flat  steel  wire  or  sheet  steel,  etc 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and  not  smaller   than   No.  16  wire 

gauge 

Wire  of  iron  and  steel  valued  at  more  than  4  cents  per  pound  ... 
Wire  rope  and  wire  strands,  made  of  iron  wire  : 

Smaller  than  No.  10  and   i.ot  smaller  than  No.  16  wire 
gauo^e 

22 

20 
22. 

20 

14. 
11. 

18 

Sm  Her  than  No.   16  and  not  smaller  than  No.  26  wire 
gauge .             . 

23 

15. 

Wire  rope  and  wire  strand,  made  of  iron  wire  galvanized  : 

Smaller  than   No.    10  and  not  smaller  than  No.  16  wire 

OO 

Smaller  than  No.  26  wire  gauge 

17. 

Wire  rope  and  wire  strand  made  of  steel  wire  : 

Not  smaller  than  No   lOwiregauge 

9 

Smaller  than  No.  10,  and  not  smaller  than  No.  16  wire 
gauge 

s 

Wire  rope  and  wire  strand  made  of  steel  wire,  galvanized,  not 
smaller  than  No  10  wire  gauge      ..    .    . 

23 

18. 

158 

159 

Card  clothing : 

20 

Other 

19. 

167 

Table  knives,  etc. : 

Valued  at  more  than  $2,  and  not  more  than  $3  per  dozen 
pieces 

23. 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  109 

Stakmeni  by  groups  of  the  reductions  of  duty  by  present  laiv,  etc. — Continued. 
LESS  THAN  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Aiticles. 


Per 

cent, 
reduc- 
tion. 


Table  knives,  etc. — Continued. 

Valued  at  more  than  |8,  and  not  more  than  |8  per  dozen 
pieces 

Valu  d  at  more  th'n  $8  per  dozen 

All  carving  and  cook  knives,  etc.: 

Valu.d  at  more  than  $8  and  not  more  than  $12  per  dozen 
pieces „ 

Valued  at  more  than  $12  per  dozen  pieces 

Files : 

Over  4  inches  in  length  and  under  9  inches 

Nine  inches  in  length  and  under  14  inches 

Sheets  and  plates,  etc.,  enameled  or  glazed  with  vitrious  glass- 
Nails  and  spikes,  cut  

Nails : 

Horseshoe,  hob,  etc „„.., 

Wire,  2  inches  long  and  longer,  not  lighter  than   No.   12   wire 

gauge 

Saws  : 

Circular 

Mill,  pit,  not  over  9  inches  wid-  

Screws,  half  inch  or  less  in  length , 

Brass,  old  and  clippings  from  brass,  etc 

Bullions  and  metal  thread  of  gold,  silver,  etc 

Gold  pens 

Penholder  tips,  etc 

Pins  

Manufactures,  articles  or  wares  not  specially  provided  for  : 

Brass 

Buttons,  metal 

Carriages,  etc 

Copper 

Gold  and  silver - 

Machinery 

Iron  and  steel 

Lead 

Aluminum 

Bronze 

Metals,  n.  e.  s 

Nickel 

Platinum 

Zinc 

Leaf  tobacco,  stemmed,  for  cigar  wrappers 

Cigars  and  cheroots 

Cigarettes  and  paper  cigars,  etc 

Sheep  : 

Less  than  1  year  old ., 

One  year  old  or  more 

Corn  or  maize 

Corn  meal , 


13.28 
7.65 


24.78 
23.10 

19.99 

23.09 

22.22 

4.5S 

17.76 

19.12 

16.67 
10.02^ 

24.81 
12.05 
16.67 
16.67 
16.67 
16.67 


22.22 


18.71 
8.8^ 
9.32 

9.13 
21.10 

9.91 
18.63 


110 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


StfUemeni  by  groups  of  tfie  reductions  of  duty  by  present  law,  etc. — Continued.. 
LESS  THAN  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

of 

present 

law. 

Articles. 

1 

Per  cent 
reduc- 
tion. 

2(i0 

Oat  meal 

15  82 

9(31 

Rice  uncleaned.. 

20 

264 

Wheat                  

2  OS 

265 

Wheat  flour               

20 

292 

Fish  : 

24.91 

24  91 

Salmon  pickled  or  salted 

24  9S 

Other  fish  pickled  or  <al ted    

24  9S 

299 

8.8-1 

301 

Oranges,  in  packages  : 

23.08 

Of  capacity  exceeding  1 }  and  not  exceeding  2 
Of  capacity  exceeding  2.]  not  exceeding  5  cub 
Of  capacity  exceeding  5  cubic  feet 

i  cubic  feet 

ic  feet 

20.02 
19.99 

20 

Lemons,  in  ])ackages : 

Of  capacity  of  11  cu'  ic  feet  or  less   ....  ,      ..    ,.              ...-.  , 

23  09 

Of  capacity  exceeding  1\  and  not  exceeding  2^  cubic  feet 

Of  capacity  exceeding  2^  and  not  exceeding  5  cubic  feet 

19.98 
19.99 
20  01 

Limes  : 

23  09 

Of  capacity  exceeding  1^  and  not  exceeding  2^  cubic  feet 

Of  capacity  exceeding  2^  and  not  exceeding  5  cubic  feet 

19.74 
19.98 
15.48 

303 

14.29 

14.29 

310 

23.25 

311 

17  80 

312 
313 

Meats  of  all  kinds  prepared  or  preserved 

Extract  of  meat : 

Fluid  extract 

20 
16  71 

All  other 

10  87 

326 
H.    339 

Spices,  n.  e.  s.,  all  otlier  ground  or  powdered,  n.  s.  p 

Cherry  juice  and  other  fruit  juice  containing  not  more   than  18 

24.99 
16  67 

16.18 

311 

Mineral  waters  in  bottles  : 

11  46 

Containing  more  than  1  quart 

1()  67 

I.      312 

Thread,  yarn  warp  oi-  waip  yarn,  etc  ,  of  cotton  : 

Valued  at  not  exceedin*  25  cents  per  pound 

20 

Valued  at  over  25  cents  and  not  exceeding 
pound    

40  cents  per 

16  67 

Valued  at  over  40  cents  and  not  exceeding 

50  cents  per 

10.  ;x) 

Valued  at  over  50  cents  and  not  exceeding 
pound 

60  cents  per 

8  09 

Valued  at  ever  60  cent',  and  not  exceeding 
pound 

70  cents  per 

10.34 

TARIFF   SCHEDULES.  HI 

Staiemeiif  by  groups  of  the  redactioiis  of  duty  by  prcdcnt  law,  etc. — Continued. 
LESS  THAN  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Thread,  warp  yarn  or  yarn  warp,  etc.,  of  cotton — Continued. 
Valued  at  over  70  cents  and   not  exceeding  80  cents  per 
pound 

Valued  at  over  80  cents  and  not  exce  ding  91  per  pound 

Valued  at  over  $1  [  er  pound 

Thread  on  spools 

Cotton  cloth  exceeding  50  and  not  exceeding   100  threads  per 
square  inch,  dyed,  etc.,  valued   12  cents  or  less  per  square 

yard.  

Cloth  not  exceeding  100  threads  per  square  inch,  dyed,  etc.,  val- 
ued at  over  12  cents  per  square  yard 

Cloth  exceeding  100  and  not  exceeding  150  threads  per  square 
inch : 

B  cached,  valued  at  over  10  cents  p  r  square  yard 

Dyed,  etc. ,  valued  at   12^  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Dyed,  etc.,  valued  at  over  12i  cents  per  square  yard 

Not  bleached,  valued  at  over  8  cents  per  square  yard 

Cloth  exceeding  150  and  not  exceeding  200  threads  per  square 
inch  : 

Not  bleached,  valued  at  over  8  cents  per  square  yard 

Bleached,  valued  at  over  10  cents  per  sq  are  yard 

Dyed,  etc.,  valued  at  12  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

DyeJ,  etc.,  valued  at  over  12  cents  per  square  yard 

Cloth  exceeding  200  threads  to  the  square  inch  : 

Not  b'eached,  etc.,  valued  at  over  10  cents  per  square  yard... 

Bleached,  valued  at  12  cents  or  less  per  square  yurd 

Bleached,  valued  at  over  12  cents  per  square  ya  d 

Dyed,  etc.,  valued  at  15  cents  or  less  per  square  yard 

Dyed,  etc.,  valued  at  over  15  cents  per  square  yard 

Coreets,  n.  e.  s 

Other  articles  of  wearing  apparel,  etc.     All  other.<  n.  s.  p 

Plushes,  velvets,  etc.: 

Blea';hed 

Dyed,  etc 

Corduroys,  etc.: 

Bleached 

Dyed,  etc 

Stockings,  etc.,  valued  at  not  more  than  .|1..50  per  dozen 

Shirts  and  drawers: 

Valued  at  more  than  $5  and  not  more  than  $7  per  dozen... 

Valued  at  more  taan  §7  per  dozen.... 

Stockings,  etc.,  selvedged,  etc: 

Valued  at  not  more  than  60  cents  per  dozen  pairs 

Valued  at  not  more  than  $4  per  dozen  pairs 

Damask 

Cords,  braids,  etc.,  all  other 

All  other  manufactures  of  cotton,  n.  s.  p 

Yarn,  jute , 

Yarn,  or  threads,  of  flax  or  hemp,  valued  at  more  than  i;>  cents 
per  poimd 


112  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Statement  by  yroups  of  tJit  ndactions  of  duty  by  present  luv,  etc — Continued. 
LESS  THAN  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 
of 

present 
law. 


372 
373 


374 


L.    410 
411 


412 
413 


414 


M.   415 


419 
420 
421 
422 
423 
425 

N.    427 
437 


441 
456 


458 


460 


Articles. 


Percent 
rtduc- 
tion. 


Collars  and  cuffs - 

Shirts,  etc 

Laces,  edgings,  etc. : 

Composed  of  flax,  jute,  or  other  fiber 

Composed  of  cotton 

Manufactures  of  jute,  etc.,  valued  above  5  cents  per  pound 

Manufactures  of  other  vegetable  fiber  valued  above  5  cents  per 

pound 

Spun  silk 

Velvets,  plushes,  or  other  pile  fabrics,  containing,  exclusive  of 

selvedges,  less  than  75  per  cent  in  weight  of  silk 

Webbings,  gorings,  suspenders,  etc 

Buttons 

Handkerchiefs [ 

Laces,  embroideries,  etc  

Knit  goods,  other 

Ready-made  clothing  and  other 

Dress  and  piece  goods ■ 

Ribbons 

All  other,  n.  s.  p 

Pulp  of  wood,  chemical: 

Unbleached 

Bleached 

Paper  albumenized,  etc 

Papers  known  commercially  as  surface-coated  papers,  etc 

Envel  pes 

Hangings  and  paper  for  screens,  etc 

Blank  books 

Writing,  drawing,  etc.,  pap^n* 

Other  manufactures  of  paper 

Brushes  of  all  kinds 

Emory,  grains  and  ground 

Matches,  otherwise  tlian  in  boxes  containing  more  than  100 

Boots  and  shoe-; 

Ladies  and  children's — 
•  Gloves: 

Schmaschen,  plain 

Suede- anil  other,  etc.,  plain 

Ladies  and  children's,  on  which  the  rates  of  duty  do  not 
equal  a  duty  of  50  per  cent 

Men's,  14  inches  and  under  in  extreme  length,  plain 

Bone  and  horn,  manufactures  of 

Chip,  manufactures  of  (baskets)  

Grass,  manufactures  of , 

India  rubber 

Palm  leaf,  manufactures  of 

Straw: 

Manufactures  of 

For  julips 


TARIFF    SCHEDULES.  118 

Statement  hi/  groups  of  the  vedKctiuus  of  dut)j  hy  present  lav;  etc. — Continued. 
LESS  THAX  TWENTY-FIVE  PER  CENT— Continued. 


Para- 
graph 

present 
law. 


Articles. 


Per  cent 
reduc- 


461 


462 

4()0 
470 
471 


AVhalebone,  manufactures  of 

Leather,  manufactures  of 

Fur,  manufactures  of 

India  rubber,  vulcanized 

Gutta-percha 

Hair,  manufactured  of 

Papier  mache,  manufactures  of 

Ivory  and  vegetable  ivory,  manufactures  of 

Shell  and  mother-of-pearl,  manufactures  of 

Pencils,  wood,  filled  with  lead,  etc 

X'mbrellas  and  parasols,  covered  with  silk  or  alpaca 
Sticks  for  umbrellas,  parasols,  etc.,  plain 


16.67 
14.29 
14.29 
14.29 
14.29 
14.29 
14.29 
12.50 
12.50 
6.84 
18.18 
14.29 


114  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


INCOME  TAX  PROVISIONS 

As  Contained  in  the  New  Revenue  Law. — Mr.  McMillin's 
Report  in  House. 


Sec.  27.  That  from  and  after  the  first  clay  of  January,  eigliteen  hundred  and 
nmety-live,  and  until  the  first  day  of  January,  nineteen  hundred,  tliere  shall  be 
assessed,  levied,  collected,  and  paid  annually  upon  the  gains,  profits,  and  income 
received  in  the  preceding  calendar  year'  by  every  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
whether  residing  at  home  or  abroad,  and  every  person  residing  therein,  whether 
said  gains,  profits,  or  income  be  derived  from  any  kind  of  property,  rents,  interest, 
dividends,  or  salaries,  or  from  any  profession,  trade,  employment,  or  vocation- car- 
ried on  in  the  United  States  or  elsewhere,  or  from  any  other  source  whatever,  a  tax 
of  two  per  centum  on  the  amount  so  derived  over  and  above  four  thousand  dollars, 
and  a  like  tax  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid  annually  upon  the  gains,  protits, 
and  income  from  all  property  owned  and  of  every  business,  trade,  or  profession 
carried  on  in  the  United  States  by  per.-ons  residing  without  the  United  States.  And 
the  tax  herein  provided  for  shall  be  assessed,  by  the  Commissioner  of  Internar 
Revenue  and  collected,  and  pa  d  upon  the  gains,  profits,  and  income  for  the  year 
ending  the  thirty-first  day  of  December  next  preceding  the  time  for  levying,  collect- 
ing, and  paying  said  tax. 

Sec.  28.  That  in  estimating  the  gains,  profits,  and  income  of  any  person  there 
shall  be  included  all  income  derived  from  interest  upon  notes,  bonds,  and  other 
securities,  except  such  bonds  of  the  United  States  the  principal  and  interest  of 
which  are  by  the  law  of  their  issuance  exempt  from  all  Federal  taxation  ;  profits 
realized  within  the  year  from  sales  of  real  estate  purcha-ed  within  two  years  prL-vi- 
ous  to  the  close  of  the  year  for  which  income  is  e-timated  ;  interest  received  or  ac- 
crued upon  all  notes,  bonds,  mortgages,  or  other  forms  of  indebtedness  bearing  in- 
terest, whether  paid  or  not,  if  good  and  collectible,  less  the  interest  which  has  become 
due  from  said  person  or  which  has  been  paid  by  him  during  the  year  ;  the  amount  of 
all  premium  on  bonds,  notes,  or  coupons  ;  the  amount  of  sales  of  live  stock,  sugar, 
cotton,  wool,  butter,  cheese,  pork,  beef,  mutton,  or  other  meats,  hay,  and 
grail  or  other  vegetable  or  other  productions,  being  the  growth  or  produce  of  the 
estate  of  such  person,  less  the  amount  expanded  in  the  purchase  or  production  of 
said  stock  or  produce,  and  not  including  any  part  thereof  consumed  directly  by  the 
family;  money  and  the  value  of  all  personal  property  acquired  by  gift  or  inheri- 
tance; all  other  gains,  profits,  and  income  derived  from  any  source  whatever  ex- 
cei^t  that  portion  of  the  salary,  compensation,  or  pay  received  for  services  in  the 
civil,  military,  naval,  or  other  service  of  the  United  States,  including  Senators, 
Eepresentatives,  and  Delegates  in  Congress,  from  which  the  tax  has  been  deducted, 
and  except  that  portion  of  any  salary  upon  which  the  employer  is  required  bv  law 
to  withhold,  and  does  wnthhold  the  tax  and  pays  the  same  to  the  officer  authorized 
to  receive  it.  In  computing  incomes  the  necessary  expenses  actually  incurred  in 
carrying  on  any  busin^^ss.  occupation,  or  profession  shall  be  deducted  and  also  all 
interest  due  or  paid  within  the  year  by  such  person  on  existing  indebtedness.  And 
all  national.  State,  countv,  school,  and  municipal  taxes,  not  including  those  assessed 
against  local  benefits,  paid  within  the  year  shall  be  deducted  from  the  gains,  profits, 
or  income  of  the  person  who  has  actually  paid  the  same,  whether  such  person  be 
owner,  tenant,  or  mortgagor;  also  losses  actually  sustained  during  the  year,  incurred 
in  trade  or  arising  from  fires,  storms,  or  shipwreck,  and  not  compensated  for  by  in- 
surance or  otherwise,  and  debts  ascertained  to  be  worthless,  but  excluding  all  esti- 
mated depreciation  of  values  and  losses  within  the  year  on  sales  of  real  estate  pur- 


INCOxME   TAX    PROVISIONS.  115 

chased  within  two  years  previous  to  the  year  for  which  income  is  estimated:  Provided, 
That  nodeduction  shall  be  made  forany  amount  paid  outfornewbuildings,  permanent 
imi^rovements,  or  betterments,  made  to  increase  the  value  of  any  property  ore stute: 
Proi'/(/«//»)-^/(f/-,  That  only  one  deduction  of  four  thousand  dollars  shall  be  made 
from  theaggregate  income  of  all  the  niembirs  of  any  family,  composed  ot  one  or 
both  parents,  and  one  or  more  minor  children,  or  husband  and  wife;  that  guardians 
shall  be  allowed  to  make  a  deduction  in  favor  of  each  and  every  ward,  except  that 
in  case  where  two  or  more  wards  are  comprised  in  one  family,  and  have  joint  prop- 
erty interests,  ihe  aggregate  deduction  in  their  favor  shall  not  exceed  four  thousand 
dollars:  A)id  procidfd  farther,  That  in  cases  where  the  salary  or  other  compensation, 
paid  10  any  person  in  the  employment  or  service  of  the  United  States  shall  not  ex- 
ceed the  rate  of  four  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  or  shall  be  by  fees,  or  uncertain 
or  irregular  in  the  amount  or  in  the  time  during  which  the  same  shall  have  accrued 
or  been  ea  ned,  such  sa  ary  or  other  comp.  nsation  shall  be  included  in  estimating 
the  annual  gains,  profits  or  income  of  the  person  to  whom  the  same  shall  have  been 
paid,  and  shall  include  that  portion  ot  any  income  or  salary  upon  which  a  tax  has 
not  been  paid  by  the  employer,  where  the  employer  is  required  by  law  to  pay  on 
the  excess  over  four  thousand  dollars:  Provided  also,  That  in  comptiting  the  income 
of  any  person,  corporation,  company  or  association  there  shall  not  be  included  the 
amount  leceived  from  any  corporation,  company  or  association  as  di\  idends  upon 
the  stock  of  such  corporation,  company  or  association  if  the  tax  of  two  per  centum 
has  been  paid  upon  its  net  profits  by  said  corporation,  company  or  association  as 
required  by  this  act. 

Sec.  32.  That  there  shall  be  assessed,  levied,  and  collected,  except  as  herein 
otherw  se  provided,  a  tax  of  two  per  centum  annually  on  the  net  profits  or  income 
above  actual  operating  and  business  expenses,  including  expenses  for  inateriala 
purchased  for  manufacture  or  bought  for  resale,  losses,  and  interest  on  bonded  and 
other  indebtedness  of  all  banks,  banking  institiitions,  trust  companies,  saving  in- 
stitutions, fire,  marine,  life,  and  other  insurance  companies,  railroad,  canal,  turn- 
pike, canal  navigation,  slack  water,  telephone,  telegraph,  express,  electric  light, 
gas,  water,  street  railway  companies,  and  all  other  corporations,  companies,  or  as- 
sociations doing  business  for  profit  in  the  United  States,  no  matter  how  created  and 
organized,  but  not  including  partnerships. 

******** 

The  net  profits  or  income  of  all  corporations,  companies,  or  associations  sha.l  in- 
clude the  amounts  paid  to  shareholders,  or  carried  to  the  account  of  any  fund,  or 
used  for  construction,  enlargement  of  plant,  or  any  other  expenditure  or  invest- 
ment paid  from  the  net  annual  profits  made  or  acquired  by  said  corporations,  com- 
panies, or  a-sociations. 

That  nothing  he  ein  contained  shall  apply  to  States,  counties  or  municipalities; 
nor  to  corporations,  companies  or  associations  organized  and  conducted  solely  for 
charitable,  religious  or  educational  purposes,  including  fraternal  beneficiary  socie- 
ties, orders  or  associations  operating  upon  the  lodge  system  and  p  oviding  for  the 
payment  of  life,  sick,  accident  and  other  benefits  to  the  members  of  such  societies, 
order-  or  associations  and  dependents  of  such  members;  nor  to  the  sti-cks,  shares, 
funds  or  securities  held  by  any  fiduciary  or  trustee  for  cliaritable,  religious  or  edu- 
cational pui-poses;  nor  to  building  and  loan  associations  or  companies  which  make 
loans  only  to  their  sli^reholders;  nor  to  such  savings  banks,  savings  institutions  or 
socitties  as  shall,  first,  have  no  stockholders  or  members  except  depn^itois  and  no 
capital  except  deposits;  secondly,  shall  not  receive  deposits  to  an  aggregate  amount, 
in  any  one  year,  of  more  than  one  thousand  dollars  from  the  same  depositor;  thirdly, 
shall  not  allow  an  accumulation  or  total  of  deposits,  by  any  one  depositor,  exceed- 
ing ten  thousand  dollars;  fourthly,  shall  actually  divide  and  distribute  to  its  depos- 
itors, ratably  to  deposits,  all  the  earnings  over  the  necessary  and  proper  expenses  of 
such  bank,  institution  or  society,  except  such  as  shall  be  applied  to  surplus;  fifthly, 
shall  not  possess,  in  any  form,  a  surplus  fund  exctn-ding  ten  per  centum  of  its  ag- 
gregate deposits;  nor  to  such  savings  banks,  savings  institutions  or  societies  composed 
of  members  who  do  not  participate  in  the  profits  thereof  and  which  pay  interest  or 
dividends  only  to  their  depesitors;  nor  to  that  part  of  the  business  of  any  savings 
banks,  institution  or  other  similar  association  having  a  capital  stock,  that  is  con- 
ducted on  the  mutual  plan  solely  for  the  benefit  of  its  depositors  on  such  plan,  and 
which  shall  keep  its  accounts  of  its  business  conducted  on  such  mutual  plan  sepa- 
rate and  apart  from  its  other  accounts. 


116  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Nor  to  any  insurance  company  or  association  which  conducts  all  its  business 
solely  upon  the  mutual  plan,  and  only  for  the  benefit  of  its  policy  holders  or  mem- 
bers, and  having  no  capital  s  ock  and  no  stock  or  shareholders,  and  holding  all 
its  property  m  trust  and  in  re'serve  for  ,ts  policy  holders  or  members  ;  nor  to  that 
part  iJ  the  business  of  any  insurance  ;  ompany  having  a  capital  stock  and  stock  and 
shareholders,  which  is  conducted  on  the  mutual  plan,  separate  from  its  stock  plan 
of  insurance,  and  solely  for  the  benefit  of  the  policy  holders  and  me.ubors  insured 
on  said  mutual  plan,  and  holding  all  the  property  belonging  to  and  derived  from 
said  mutual  part  of  its  business  in  trust  and  reserve  for  the  benefit  of  its  policy 
holders  and  members  insured  un  s  .id  mutual  plan. 

That  all  ytate,  county,  municipal,  and  town  taxes  paid  by  corporations,  com- 
panies, or  assoc  ations,  "shall  be  included  in  the  operating  and  business  expL-nses  of 
such  corporations,  companies,  or  associations. 

Sec.  33.  That  there  shall  hv  levied,  collected,  and  paid  on  all  salaries  of  officers, 
or  payments  for  services  to  pcr-i Ills  in  the  civil,  military,  naval,  or  other  employ- 
ment" or  service  of  the  United  Slates,  including  Senators  and  Eepresentatives  and 
Delegates  in  Congress,  when  exceeding  the  rate  of  four  thousand  dollars  p -r 
aniuim,  a  tax  of  two  per  centum  on  the  excesss  above  the  said  four  thousand 
dollars;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  paj masters  and  all  disbur.-ing  officers 
under  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  persons  in  the  eniploy  thereof, 
when  making  any  payment  to  any  officers  or  perso  s  as  aforesaid,  whose  com- 
pensation is  determined  by  a  fi"xed  salary,  or  upon  settling  or  adjusting 
the  accounts  of  such  officers  or  persons,  to  deduct  and  withhold  the  afore- 
said tax  of  two  per  centum;  and  the  pay  roll,  receipts,  or  account  of  officers  or  per- 
sons paying  such  taxes  as  aforesaid  shall  be  made  to  exhibit  the  fact  of  such  pay- 
ment. And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  accounting  officers  o  the  Tr.  asury  Depart- 
ment, when  audit  ng  the  accounts  of  any  paymaster  or  disbursing  (.fficer,  or  any 
officer  wit hho  ding  his  salary  from  moneys  leceived  by  him,  or  w'hen  settling  or 
adjusting  tin"  accimnts  of  any  such  officer,  to  require  evidence  that  the  taxes  men- 
tioned in  this  section  have  been  deducted  and  paid  over  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  or  other  olficer  authorized  to  receive  the  same.  Every  corporation 
wliicli  pays  to  any  emplovt-e  a  salary  or  Compensation  exceeding  four  thousand 
dollars  ix'r  annuin  shall  report  the  same  to  the  collector  or  deputy  collector  of  his 
district  and  said  employee  shall  pay  thereon,  subject  to  the  exemptions  herein 
provided  for,  the  tax  of  two  per  centum  on  the  excjss  of  his  >alary  over  four  thou- 
sand dollars :  Provided,  That  salaries  due  to  State,  county,  or  municipal  officers 
shall  be  exempt  from  the  income  tax  herein  levied. 

*^*  *  **  ♦  * 

Sec.  3167.  That  it  s'lall  be  unlawful  for  any  collector,  deputy  collector,  agent, 
clerk,  or  other  officer  or  employee  of  the  United  States,  to  divulge  or  to  make  known 
in  any  manner  whatever  not  provided  by  law  to  any  per  on  the  op.  rations,  style  of 
work' or  apparatus  of  any  manufacturer  or  producer  visited  by  him  in  his  official 
duties,  or  the  amount  or  source  of  income,  profits,  losses,  expend. tures,  or  any  par- 
ticular thereof,  set  forth  or  disclosed  in  any  income  return  by  any  person  or  corpo 
ration,  or  to  i)erinit  aiiv  income  return  or  copy  thereof  or  any  book  containin  any 
abstract  or  particnlais  ihereof,  to  be  seen  or  examine  I  by  any  person  except  as  pro- 
vidal  by  law;  and  it  shall  he  unlawfiU  for  any  person  to  print  or  publish  in  any 
manner  wliatcv  r  not  piMviiled  by  law,  any  income  or  part  thereof  or  the  amount 
or  source  of  inconir,  puilits,  los.'^es,  or  expenditures  appearing  ifi  any  income  return  ; 
and  any  offense  aganist  the  foregoing  provision  slui  1  be  a  niisdemeano  and  i;e  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars  or  by  impiisonineiit  not  exceed- 
ing one  year,  or  both,  at  the.liscretiou  of  the  conn  ;  and  if  the  o  ender  be  an  ollicer 
or  employee  of  the  United  States  he  shall  be  dismissed  from  ollice  and  b-  incapable 
thereaftt'r  of  holding  any  office  under  the  Goverment. 

rLAYING   CARDS. 

Sec.  38.  That  on  and  after  the  first  day  of  August,  eighteen  hundn d  and  ninety- 
four;  there  shall  be  levied,  collecied,  and  paid,  by  adhesive  stamps,  a  tax  oi  two 
cents  for  and  upon  everv  pack  of  pi  lying  card-  containing  not  mure  tlia  i  fifty -four 
cards,  mannfactured  and  ^old  or  removed,  and  also  iijion  every  pack  in  the  stock  of 
any  (lealer  on  and  after  that  date;  and  the  Uommissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  w  th 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  tlu'  Treasury,  shall  make  regulations  as  todies  and 
adhesive  stamps. 


M  MILLIN  S   REPORT. 


m 


Report  on  the  Income  Tax. 

^Ir.  McMillin,  from  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  submitted  the  follow- 
ing report  on  the  income  tax  : 

The  wealt  i  of  this  country  amounts  to  more  than  $65,000,000,000,  and  the  ques- 
tion arises  whether  it  is  nit  just  and  fair  that  a  portion  of  this  money  should  be 
raised  by  a  tax  on  the  earnings  of  wt'.dth  insti-ad  ot  imposing  it  all  or  nearly  all  on 
consumption.  The  cominitteL'  believe  that  it  is  eniiniMitly  just-  and  proper  that  the 
amount  proposed  by  this  bill  should  be  collected  from  a  tax  on  incomes  instead  of 
placing  all  of  it  on  the  necessities  of  life,  which  are  consumed  by  all  but  are  not 
used  in  proportion  to  their  ability  to  pay  taxes,  but  according  to  the  necessities  of 
existence. 

What  just  complaint  can  there  be  against  placing  thirty  millions  of  this  burden 
on  wealth  rather  than  all  of  it  upon  consumption?  .  t  is  not  proposed  to  raise  all  of 
it  by  an  income  tax.  It  is  not  even  proposed  to  raise  half,  or  one-fourth,  or  one- 
tenth  of  it  that  way;  but  only  a  small  per  cent  by  an  imposition  of  2  per  cent  tax 
on  the  incomes  over  $4,000  of  all  individuals  and  the  net  inqomesof  all  corporations. 
The  committee  s?e  no  hardship  in  requiring  those  who  have  incomes  of  more  than 
84,000  a  year  to  pay  2  per  cent  of  all  in  excess  of  that  amount  to  carrv  on  the 
Government  under  which  it  has  been  accumulated  and  by  which  it  is  protected. 

Corp  irations  ar.'  by  law  given  special  privileges  and  advantages.  Their  stock- 
holders in  the  main  are  freed  from  personal  liabilitj-  by  the  laws  of  their  creation. 
They  have  almost  perpetual  liie;  tiiey  may  sue  or  be  sued  as  individuals.  Through 
the  courts  of  the  country  they  ai'e  protected  and  enabled  to  carry  (in  their  oper- 
ations. It  has  therefore  been  deemed  by  the  committee  not  unjust  to  place  a  tax 
of  2  per  cent  on  their  net  earnings.     *    *     * 

It  is  said  that  this  tax  cannot  be  collected.  Agaiu-t  this  assertion  we  place  the 
facts  of  history.  The  following  tible  shows  the  collections  under  the  income-tax 
law  in  existence  from  1862  to  1870,  and  the  committe3  place  this  c  )11  ^ction  of  $346,- 
000,000  against  the  assertion  that  it  is  impossible  to  collect  this.  Had  this  tax  been 
retained,  even  at  the  reduced  rates  imposed  in  1867,  the  public  debt  could  have  been 
extinguislied  f  om  this  source  alone  years  ago. 


Interna 

revenue  receipts  from 

income  tax 

Receipts  by  fiscal  year^.         1                                 Beceipts  under  each  act. 

In  "iseal 
Year. 

Amount.       eaendarj    ^trl''^         amount.          ^f^'^^^    ,         IIou- e  timated. 

1863 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

SJ,  74 1.858.25 
20,21)4.731.74 

32.0.=.0,017.44 
72,982,159.03 

66.014.429  34 

41,455..598.36 

34  701.855.S4 

37.775,873.62 

19.162,650  75 

14  436S617.S 

5.062  311.62 

139,472  I  9 

232  64 

588.27 

97.79 

3.021.92 

55,627.64 

1862  July  1,  1862 

1863  July  1.  1.S62, 

and  J.    U. 
July  4, 1864 

1866   1 

IsHs    f  i  Mar.  2.  1.^67 

1869  J  1 

1870 

§2,741.858.25     3  per  cent 
and  5  pei 
cent. 

20,294,731.74    <lo  

( .1  per  (01  It 

105,032.176.47     \    and     10 

(    pe   c-nt. 

189,037,757.10  |  5  percent 
38.661. S->4  15   i2J/;  ncr  cent 

1 
3  per  cenf  on   incomes 

j      over  S600  and  n  t  over 

i       $10,000;  over  §10,000,  5 

!       pcrcnt 
Same  iis  abov-    for  act 
of    1^62,    ard    under 
joint  nsoluti'Mi  5  per 
c  nt  on  iacDmes  over 
$600. 

5  per  cent  on    incomes 
over  ?600  and  not  over 
5f5,000;  over  $5,000,    10 
per  c  nt. 

On  incomes  over  $1,000. 

1873 

1872  );     ■    '      I 

1862-^71  1  1                       1 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1862- '71  i 
1862-'71  f 
1862-'71  ! 
1862-'71  J 

p.-alei 
laws. 

\    199,040  35  1  {Various 

On  incomes  over  J6U0  as 

1877  ....■ 

above 

1881 

) 

1884 

Total 

346,967,388.12 

... 

346,967,388.12 

1 

Note.— After   he  year  1.S62  the  colleciious  duriui:  any  yiveu  fiscal  year  were  not  c  nfined  to  tt 
previous  calendar  year,  but  niturally  include  amounts  due  and  iinpafd  for  any  previous  year. 
Treasury  Depaktment,  Internil  Revenue  Office,  AwjU'^t  23, 1893. 


118  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

The  effort  to  carry  on  the  administration  of  Government  by  taxing  consumption 
alone  has  be  -n  tried  in  other  countries  and  proven  as  unequal  in  its  burd  ns  and 
unsatisfactory  in  its  results  as  here.  Great  Brita  n  tried  the  experiment  for  many 
years  of  encouraging  and  protecting  manufacturers  b  the  imposition  of  tariff  duties. 
There,  as  hi're,  it  proved  inadequate.  In  179.S  an  income  tax  was  imposed  to  sap- 
plement  failing  revenues.  It  was  maintained  until  1816,  then  the  old  system  was 
returned  to  in  the  hop?  that  it  would  be  sufficient  in  tames- of  peace  B"ut  in  1842 
Sir  Robert  Peel  was  forced  to  resort  to  an  income  tax.  He  b'^ieved  that  to  equalize 
the  burdens  of  taxation  a  greater  share  souldb'  placed  on  we  1th  and  less  on 
things  t  at  had  to  be  bought  and  consumed  daily. 

It  was  predict 'd  then,  as  it  is  now,  that  the  tax  would  be.unFatisfactoiy;  that  it 
wa:-  inq.iiitorial,  and  woukl  b.%  therefoic.  unpopular.  But  the  courageous  premier 
was  willing  to  risk  his  party  and  his  administration  on  the  intrin.sic  justice  of  the 
measure.  He  succeeded  in  having  it  adopted.  Notwithstanding  a  half  a  century 
has  elapsed,  and  m my  political  revolutions  have  swept  over  the  country,  carrying 
down  tlie  ministry  with  them,  there  has  been  no  power  strong  enough  even  in 
ti  at  great  monarchy  to  break  it  down  and  put  all  of  taxation  back  on  cons'imption. 

This,  under  peculiar  institutions,  favoring  the  accumulation  of  re  d  estate,  and 
where  their  possession,  in  the  hands  of  the  ruling  classes,  is  encouraged  and  thought 
to  contribute  to  the  stability  of  the  governments. 

Under  that  law  only  £150  ($750)  is  exempted  from  taxation.  Great  Britain  de- 
rived from  this  source  £13,290,000— about  $66,500,000— last  year.  The  rate  im- 
posed is  7  pence  a  pound. 

P  us  ia,  the  gi-eate  t  of  the  states  composing  the  German  Empire,  imposed  an 
income  tax  as  far  hack  as  1851,  and  has  had  that  form  of  taxation  for  many  years. 
There  is  only  §225  income  exempt.  It  is  graduated  from  le.  s  than  1  to  4  per  cent. 
For  the  year  1892-' 93  there  was  derived  from  this  sour,  e  124,842,848  marks — about 
$30,210,712.  Almost  all  the  twenty  odd  states  of  the  German  Union  have  imposed 
an  income  tax  very  similar  to  that  of  Prussia. 

An  income  tax  has  existed  in  Austria  since  the  beginning  of  the  nin(>teenth  cen- 
tury, .  xcept  the  period  between  ls-2'.)  and  1849.     In  1892  it  yieldtd  slO,OOi),000. 

In  1892  there  was  collected  fioiii  incomes  by  the  Italian  Governnuut  S45,()i)0,000. 
The  rate  is  12  per  cent,  and  in  addition  thereto  Ih  per  cent  is  le\  ied  for  war  pur- 
poses. 

Other  governments  have  followed  this  tendency. 


THE   INCO.AIE   TAX.  119 


THE  INCOME  TAX. 

Extract  From  the  Speech  of  Scott  Wike,  of  Illinois. 


Hon.  3Ir.  Wike  said  : 

In  my  judgment  a  very  heavy  graduated  income  tax  should  be  levied,  not  on 
incomes  simply,  but  0:1  incomes  of  fortunes,  to  stay  the  insatiable  hands  of  fortune- 
seeking  advi:-nturers  who  aim  really  more  to  gratify  a  vaulting  ambition  to  belong 
to  the  aristocracy  of  gigantic  wealth,  with  the  attendant  fascination  of  power,  than 
from  any  rational  desire  or  hope  to  enjoy  or  make  useful  these  unreasonable  and 
unholy  amassments.     *    *    * 

When  these  colossal  fortunes  were  unknown  in  this  country,  pauperism,  too, 
•was  in  a  measure  unknown  ;  but  now  destitution,  poverty,  and  want  prevail  in  a 
ratio  of  geometrical  proportion  as  the  property  of  the  country  is  concentrated  in 
the  hands  of  a  few.  Already  the  unsightly  piles  of  wealth  look  down  with  ever 
increasing  menace  to  the  pjrpetuity  of  the  simple  ani  popular  government  that 
was  devised  to  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  and  prosperity  to  the  masses. 

Figures  give  no  adequate  idea  of  the  common  understanding  of  the  immensity  o£ 
hundreds  and  thousands  of  these  fortunes,  or  the  rapidity  with  which  they  are 
amassed.  For  example,  if  Adam,  created  in  the  beginning,  and  which  was  recently 
popularly  supposed  to  be  live  thousand  years  ago,  had  been  endowed  with  wha^ 
seventy-five  years  ago  would  have  been  considered  a  large  fortune— $50,000— and 
had  doubled  it  the  first  year,  and  had  lived  and  added  to  it  a  like  amount  annually 
from  that  day  to  the  present  time,  saving  it  all,  he  would  not  yet  have  accumulated 
the  princely  fortune  that  at  least  one  family  possesses,  or  which,  perhaps,  is  possessed 
by  several  separate  families  and  individuals  in  this  country  to-day. 

Incomes,  both  in  numbers  and  amounts,  in  the  United  States  far  exceed  those  in 
Great  Britain,  and  the  increase  in  wealth  has  been  infinitely  more  rapid  here  than 
in  that  country.  Since  the  adoption  of  the  present  revenue  system  and  bounty 
policy,  tlie  concentration  of  wealth  in  the  hands  of  the  few  is  unprecedented  in  any 
country.  The  extent  to  which  this  concentration  has  been  going  on  since  the  war 
is  not  only  alarming,  but  in  the  light  of  the  ultimate  consequences  is  absolutely  ap- 
palling. It  is  now  maintained  that  one-half  of  the  wealth  oi  the  country  is  already 
concentrated  in  the  hands  of  25,000  persons,  and  three-fourths  or  four-fifths  of  it  in 
the  hands  of  250,000  people. 


120  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

The  question  of  the  concentration  of  wealth  and  the  extent  of  such  concentration 
becomes  a  very  important  one  in  c  nsidering  the  utiUty  and  desirableness  of  the  in- 
come tax. 

Let  us  see,  therefore,  if  we  can,  whether  these  statements  as  to  the  extent  of  such 
concentration  are  true  or  not.  In  the  absence  of  official  information  we  must  exam- 
ine the  most  reliable  data  at  hand,  and  to  this  end  attention  is  invited,  in  the  first 
place  to  the  statements  and  statistics  published  in  the  Forum  jNIagazine  for  Septem- 
ber and  November,  1889,  by  Mr.  Thomas  G.  Shearman,  one  of  the  foremo-t  econo- 
mists of  this  country,  as  furnishing  perhaps  the  clearest  and  most  convincing  analy" 
sis  and  exposition  of  the  question  that  has  been  written. 

STATISTICS   SHOWING    CONCENTRATION    OF    WEALTH. 

Your  attention  is  first  called  to  the  following  statements,  made  in  the  Septem- 
ber magazine  article  alluded  to: 

"The  St.  Louis  Glohe  recently  published  a  list  of  seventy-two  persons  who  were 
worth,  collectively,  the  whole  amount  of  our  national  debt,  averaging  S18,000,000 
each.  The  wealthiest  railroad  manager  in  America  in  1865  was  worth  $^40,000,000, 
but  not  more.  His  heir  died  recently,  leaving  an  estate  of  nearly  $200,000,000;  and 
there  are  several  gentlemen  now  living  who  are  worth  $100,000,000  each.  Within 
a  short  period  a  number  of  quiet,  unobtrusive  men,  of  no  national  fame,  have  died 
in  Pennsylvania,  leaving  estateb  of  over  $20,000,000  each.  Twenty  living  persons 
in  the  oil  business  are  reputed  to  be  as  rich.  Forty  persons  could  be  easily  named 
none  of  them  worth  less  than  $20,000,000,  and  averaging  $40,000,000  each. 

"At  the  lowest  reasonable  estimate  there  must  now  be  more  than  two  hundred 
and  fifty  persons  in  this  country  whose  wealth  averages  over  $20,000,000  for  each. 
But  let  us  call  the  number  only  two  hundred.  Income-tax  returns  in  Great  !  ritain 
and  in  the  rnited  S  ates  show  that  in  general  the  number  of  incomes,  when  ar- 
ranged in  large  cl  sses,  multiplies  by  from  three  to  five  fold  for  every  reduction  in 
the  amount  of  one-half.  For  extreme  caution,  however,  we  estimate  the  increase 
in  the  nuinbtr  of  incomes  at  a  very  much  lowt r  rate  than  this.  At  this  reduced 
rate  the  amount  of  wealth  in  the  hands  of  persons  worth  over  $500,000  each  in  the 
United  States  would  be  about  as  follows: 

200  persons  at  $20,000,000    $4,000,000,000 

400  persons  at    10,000,000 4,000,000,000 

1,000  persons  at      5,000,000 5,000,000,000 

2,000  persons  at      2,500,000 5,000,000,000 

6,000  persons  at      1,000,000 6,000,000,000 

15,000  persons  at         500,000 7,500,000,000 

Total 31,500,000,000 

"This  estimate  is  very  far  below  the  actual  truth.  Yet,  even  upon  this  basis,  we 
are  confronted  with  the" startling  result  that  25,000  persons  now  possess- more  than 
half  of  the  whole  national  wealth,  real  and  personal,  according  to  the  highest  esti- 
mate ($60,000,000,000)  which  any  one  has  yet  ventured  to  make  of  the  aggregate 
amount."  ' 

In  the  November  article  mentioned  a  statement  is  made  of  the  wealthiest  estates 
in  England,  showing  the  richest  of  the  Rothschilds  and  the  world-renowned  banker. 
Baron  Overstone,  each  left  about  $17,000,000.  Earl  Dudley,  the  owner  of  the 
rich.st  iron  mines,  left  $20,000,000. 

The  Duke  of  Buccleucli  ( who  carried  half  of  Scotland  in  his  pocket)  left  about 
$30,000,000.  The  Marquis  nf  Bute  was  worth,  in  1872,  $28,000,000  in  land,  and  he 
mav  now  be  worth  $4  (,000,000  in  all;  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  may  be  worth 
$40,000,000,  and  tlie  Duke  of  Westminster  perhaps  $50,000,000. 

The  table  of  incdiiu's  derived  from  the  profits  of  business,  exclusive  of  railways,, 
mines,  etc.,  in  Great  Britain,  is  also  given,  as  follows: 


THE    INCOME    TAX. 


121 


Persons. 

Incomes. 

Average 
income. 

104     

£50,000  and  over. 

10,000  to  £50,000 

5.000  to     10,000 

4,000  to      5,000 

3,000  to      4,000 

2,000  to     -3,000 

1,000  to      2,000 

400  to      1,000 

200  to         400 

£91,783 

1  192             

17,644 

1871                  

6,553 

1  117                                

4,270 

1  c)47                                              

3,266 

4  202                                                               

2,282 

13  268 

1,277 

52  765    

541 

159  198   

282 

235,664 

Then  follows  this  statement : 

"  Th  '  great  law  of  average  may  be  relied  upon  as  confidently  in  Americi  as  in 
Europe.  We  need  only  find  a  starting  point,  then  we  may  safely  proceed  to  calcu-- 
lations  based  upon  general  experience  a.s  to  the  average  mcrease  in  the  number  of 
persons  owning  wealth,  in  proportion  to  the  decrease  of  the  amount  owned  by  each 
individual.  To  find  this  starting  point  it  wi  1  be  necessary  to  ^ive  a  list  of  Ameri- 
cans who^e  wealth  is  approximately  known." 

After  which  are  given  the  name5  of  seventy  individuals,  with  an  estimate  of  the 
wealth  of  each,  aggregating  §2,70),00:),000,  and  averaging  over  $38,500,000.  Mr. 
Gould,  the  Vanderbilts,  and  Eockefeller  are  put  down  as  worth  $100,000,000  each, 
and  Drexel,  Morgan,  and  Marshall  Field  825,000,000  each,  while  I  have  no  doubt 
that  popular  opinion  and  the  facts  place  them  at  a  much  higher  figure,  if  in  fact  not 
doubt  these  amounts. 

In  discussing  the  moderation  of  his  own  estimates,  ^Ir.  Shearman  says  : 

"  Making  the  largest  allowance  for  exaggerated  reports,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  these  seventv  names  represent  aa  aggregate  wealth  of  82,700,000,000,  or  an 
average  of  over  §37,500,000  each.  The  writer  lias  not  especially  sought  for  infor- 
mation concerning  anyone  worth  less  than  §20,(100,000,  but  has  incidentally  learned 
of  fifty  oth;-r  persons  worth  over  810,000,000,  of  whom  thirty  are  valued  in  all  at 
$450,000,000,  making  together  one  hundred  persons  worth  over  83,000,000,000. 
Yet  this  list  includes  very  few  naihes  from  New  England  and  none  from  the  South. 
Evidently,  it  woitld  be  easy  for  any  specially  well-informed  person  to  make  up  a 
list  of  one  hundred  persons  averaging  S25,000',000  each,  in  addition  to  ten  ave  ag- 
ing 8100,000,000  each.  No  such  list  of  concentrated  wealth  could  be  given  in  any 
other  country  in  the  world.  The  richest  dukes  in  England  fall  below  the  average 
wealth  of  a  dozen  American  citizens,  while  the  greatest  bankers,  merch  ints,  and 
railway  magnates  of  England  cannot  compare  in  wealth  with  many  Americans." 

According  to  the  facts  as  here  stated,  one  hundred  and  ten  persons  own  §3,500,- 
000,000  of  the  national  wealth,  or  nearly  one-seventeenth  of  the  whole,  leaving  out 
of  the  calculation  public  property. 

The  writer  then  goes  on  to  say  that  li.sts  were  lately  published  of  sixty  seven  mil- 
lionaires residing  in  Pittsburg,  ot  sixty-three  residents  of  Cleveland  pos-essing  in  the 
aggregate  §300.d(X),000,  and  sixtv  persons  residing^in  three  villages  near  New  York 
citv  whose  wealth  is  said  to  aogregate  §500,000,000,  and  in  fact  §750,000,000,  and 
that  the  Goelet  estate  in  New  York  city  paid  taxe--  on  $25,000;000  real  estate.  The 
mayor  of  Chicago  is  given  as  authoritv'that  four  gentlemen  in  that  citv  are  worth 
over  $20,000,000  each. 

MR.  T.  E.  Wilson's  estimates. 

Confirmatory  of  the  accuracy  of  the  estimates  here  placed  upon  individual  for- 
tunes, and  of  the  statements  relative  to  the  rapidity  with  which  vast  wealth  is  con- 
centrating in  the  hands  of  the  few,  I  beg  to  submit  and  call  your  attention  to  two 


122  ^         DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

lists  of  names  furnished  me  by  Mr.  T.  E.  Wilson,  the  very  able  statistician  and  econ-/ 
omic  writer  of  the  New  York  World.  One  of  tliese  lists  shows  the  names  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  individuals  in  the  city  of  New  York  whose  incomes  each 
amount  to  $250,000'and  over,  and  the  other  contains  the  names  of  three  hundred 
business  houses  in  tliat  city,  and  in -hiding  none  from  Brooklyn,  tliat  are  each  rated 
by  the  commercial  agencies  at  $1,000,000  and  over.  These  lists,  whicli  I  hold  in  my 
hand,  were  publish  cl  in  the  New  York  Workl,  and  so  far  as  I  know  tlie  accuracy  of 
the  ratings  has  never  been  questioned,  while  tlie  source  from  whicli  tliey  emanate 
entitles  them  to  implicit  confidence. 

Of  course  many  of  the  incomes  alluded  to  must  exceed  by  very  many  times  tlie 
amount  stated,  §250,000,  some  of  them  rising,  no  doubt,  to  a  half  score  of  millions. 
If  tliese  incomes  were  accumulated  by  interest  on  bonds  or  money  loaned,  divi- 
dends on  stocks,  and  net  rentals  of  real  estate,  then  the  recipient  of  a  $250,000  in- 
come, it  is  fair  to  presume,  would  be  worth  anywhere  from  five  to  ten  million  dol- 
lars, while  numbers  of  the  millionaires  in  New  Y'ork  are  estimated  to  be  worth 
from  $4:0,000,000  to  §250,000,000— forty  women  alone  being  worth  in  that  city  an 
average  of  several  million  dollars  each. 

It  is  evident,  therefor.^,  that  there  must  be  a  very  large  number  of  millionaires  in 
the  city  who  are  not  included  in  the  list  ot  individuals  mentioned.  And  it  is  ap- 
parent also  that  the  wealth  of  many  of  the  business  houses  given  must  be  greatly 
in  excess  of  $1,000,000.  So  that  it  would  be  very  interesting  and  profitable,  indeed, 
to  know  just  how  much  the  wealth  of  all  the  millionaires  and  millionaire  establish- 
ments in  New  Y'ork  city  aggregates,  and  Mr.  Wilson  will  have  i  most  valuable  con- 
tribution to  the  cause  of  revenue  reform  he  so  ably  advocates  wh-n  his  researches 
in  this  prolific  field  of  inquiry  shall  be  completed. 

The  probability  is,  if  the  facts  could  b.  accurately  ascertained,  that  the  individu- 
als, companies,  corporations,  and  trusts  worth  §1,000,000  and  over  throughout  the 
United  States  would  aggregate  from  one-fourth  to  one-third  of  the  entire  wealth 
outside  of  public  property. 

MR.    shearman's   statement   CONTINUED. 

Mr.  Shearman,  proceeding  with  his  argument,  declares  that  the  official  tax  list 
of  Boston  shows  that  more  than  fifty  families  pay  taxes  on  over  §1,000,000  each, 
and  that  two  hundred  pay  taxes  on  amounts  clearly  indicating  that  they  really  are 
millionaires,  and  says  : 

The  facts  already  stated  conclusively  demonstrate  that  the  wealthiest  class  in  the 
United  States  is  vastly  richer  than  the  wealthiest  class  in  Great  Britain.  The  aver- 
age annual  income  of  the  richest  hundrc'd  Englishmen  is  about  §450,000;  but  the 
average  annual  income  of  the  richest  hundred  Americans  cannot  be  less  than 
§1,200,000,  and  probably  exceeds  §1,500,000.  It  follows  inevitably  that  wealth 
must  be  far  more  concentrated  in  the  United  States  than  in  (ireat  Britain ;  because 
where  enormous  amounts  of  w'ealth  are  placed  in  a  lew  hands,  this  necessarily  im- 
plies that  the  great  mass  of  the  people  have  very  small  pos:essions. 

The  writer  then  observes  that  in  1877  two  hundred  and  twenty-two  thousand 
British  capitalists  possessed  over  §25,030  each,  while  the  number  of  persons  deriv- 
ing profits  of  over  §1,000  p.'r  annum  each  was  nearly  two  hundred  thousand,  while 
these  two  classes  of  people  are  not  at  all  the  same,  not  more  than  one-fifth  to  one- 
third  of  either  class  being  included  in  the  other,  but  that  in  the  absence  of  detailed 
information  the  classification  of  the  distribution  of  wealth  must  be  taken  with 
much  reserve.     He  then  proceeds  to  say  : 

But  incomes,  in  their  very  nature,  are  much  more  equally  distributed  than  wealth. 
Millions  have  incomes  who  have  practically  no  wealth.  Therefore,  a  computation 
on  this  basis  will  greatly  underestimate  the  concentration  ot  wealth  in  the  higher 


THE   INCOME    TAX. 


123 


gures  while  it  will  lead  to  such  an  overestimate  of  wealth  in  the  lower  figurefs  as 
5  make  it  gradually  quite  misleading.  Such  a  computation  is  indeed  of  no  use 
whatever  outside  of  the  first  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  families,  and  must  be 
reatly  modified  long  before  reaching  that  number. 

Bearing  these  considerations  in  mind,  we  proceed  to  estimate  the  distribution  of 
LUierican  wealth. 

Taking  the  number  of  British  incomes  exceeding  £200  as  a  basis  tor  comparative 
lassification,  starting  on  the  basis  of  known  facts  concerning  American  wealth  and 
Qodifying  the  figures  gradually,  for  the  reason  already  .-stated,  we  arrive  at  the  fol- 
owing  conclusions: 

Distribution  of  American  xuealth  on  the  basis  of  British  income  returns. 


Families. 


52, 
160, 

2oo: 

1,000, 
2,000 
9,565 


10.. 
100.. 
200.. 
000.. 
,000. 
000  . 
000 . 
000.. 
000 . 
000  . 
000 . 
000. 
000. 
,000 . 


Average  wealth 
in  thousands. 


13,000,310 

Public  property,  churches,  etc. 


$100,000 

25,000 

6,000 

2,200 

1,400 

■       1,000 

700 

4(.!0 

150 

60 

20 

3* 


Total. 


Total  in 
millions. 


11,000 
2,500 
7,200 
4,400 
1,400 
2,000 
2,800 
5,200 
7,800 
9,600 
4,000 
3,500 
4,000 
7,175 


62,o75       M 
2,500 


65,075 


From  this  table  it  will  be  seen  that  by  adding  together  the  possessions  of  fifty 
thousand  of  the  richest  families  they  own  one-half  of  the  wealth  of  the  country, 
not  taking  into  account  the  public  property. 

Considering  the  above  table  so  as  to  arrange  it  in  three  great  classes,  we  arrive  at 
this  result : 


Class. 


Families. 


j Wealth,  in}    Average 
millions,     per  family. 


Rich 

Middle 

Working 

Total r, 


235,310  ;      $43,900 

1,200,000  ;  7,500 

11,565,000  i       11,175 


13,000,310         62,575 


$186,567 

6,250 

968 


4,813 


In  considering  the  foregoing  table  Mr.  Shearman  states  that  the  numbei''  of  the 
very  largest  milionaires  has  been  kept  down  to  nearly  the  limit  of  his  personal  in- 
formation, while  in  his  judgment  there  must  be  at  least  as  many  more  of  whom  he 
has  never  heard,  and  says  : 

' '  If  this  surmise  is  correct,  it  would  add  at  once $2,500,000,000  to  the  share  of  wealth 
belonging  to  the  millionaire  class,  and  would  confirm  the  writer's  rough  estimate 
in  the  Formn  for  September,  that  25,000  persons  own  just  about  one-half  of  all  the 
wealth  of  tlie  United  States." 


124  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


UNTAXING  THE  RICH. 

Taxes  on  Luxuries   and  Wealth  Repealed   at  Different 
Times  by  tha  Republican  Party. 


Statement  showing  the  date  of  i-epea!  of  the  several  classes  of  articles  and  occupa- 
tions that  have  been  taxed  under  the  internal  revenue  laws  of  the  United  States 
and  the  amount  of  revenue  derived  therefrom  tluring  the  last  entire  year  before 
their  repeal. 

1st,  jiaxufactcres  axd  peoducts. 

This  class,  exclusive  of  distilled  spirits,  manufactured  tobacco  and  fermented 
liquors,  contained  the  largest  number  of  different  articles  on  which  an  internal  tax 
has  been  imposed  and  yielded  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1866,  a  revenue 
amounting  to  8127,230,608.66,  but  by  reductions  in  the  rates  of  tax  and  additions  to 
the  free  list  under  act  of  July  13,  1866,  this  sum  was  reduced  to  §91,531,331.31  in 
the  next  fiscal  year,  whicli  was  the  last  full  ye  u-  before  the  repeal  of  the  tax  on  this 
class  of  articles  (illuminating  gas  excepted)  by  acts  of  February  3,  1868,  ]\Iarch  31, 
1S6S,  and  July  20,  1868. 

2XD,   GROSS  RECEIPTS. 

This  class  included,  when  taxation  under  it  was  at  its  maximum,  the  tax  on  the 
gross  receipts  of  advertisements,  bridges  and  toll  roads,  canals,  ships,  barges,  etc., 
stage  coaches,  steamboats  and  railroads  for  tran>portation  of  passengers  and  freights, 
of  express,  insurance  and  telegraph  comptvnies,  etc.  The  argest  receipts  were  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  1866,  when  they  amounted  to  $11,262,429.82.  All  taxes  under 
this  classs  not  before  reduced  or  abolished  were  repealed  by  act  of  July  14,  1870. 
The  receipts  from  this  source  for  the  fiscal  year  1870,  the  last  year  before  its  repeal, 
were  86,894,799.99. 

3d,  sales. 

The  principal  sales  included  in  this  class  were  auction  sales,  brokers'  sales  of  mer- 
chandise, stocks,  bonds,  gold  and  silver  bullion  and  coin,  foreign  exchange,  etc., 
and  manufacturers'  sales.  The  tax  on  sales,  except  those  of  spirits,  tobacco  and 
beer,  was  repealed  by  act  of  July  14,  1870.  Receipts  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  SO,  1870,  $8,837,394.97. 

4th,     special   taxes   XOT   KELATIXG    to    spirits,    tobacco   axd    FERMEXTED    LIQUORS. 

This  "class  included  the  annual  special  or  license  tax  that  was  levied  on  nearly 
every  trade,  profession  or  occupation,  and  the  amount  of  fcix  varied  from  five  (5) 
dollars  on  butchers  whose  annual  sales  did  not  exceed  §1,000  to  five  hundred  (500) 
dollars  on  a'^saj'ers  when  their  assays  amounted  to  over  8-500,000  per  annum.  The 
tax  on  this  class  was  repealed  May  1,  1871,  by  act  of  July  14,  1870.  The  receipts 
from  this  source  during  the  last  full  year  before  its  repeal  in  1870,  were  $11,020,- 
787.78. 


UNTAXING    THE    RICH.  '  125 

OTII,   INCOME. 

The  tax  on  income  of  individuals,  as  finally  amended  by  act  of  July  14,  1870,  pro- 
ided  that  on  all  taxable  incomes  over  §2,000  (income  less  than  that  amount  being 
xeaipt  from  tax)  there  should  be  levied  and  collected  a  tax  of  2k  per  cent,  and  a 
ke  tax  on  bank  and  insurance  companies,  dividends,  and  additions  to  surplus 
ands,  and  on  canal,  turnpike,  and  railroad  companies'  dividends  and  additions  to 
urplus  and  interest  on  bonds.  This  tax  expired  by  limitati  m  December  31,  1871. 
Llie  income  tax  collected  from  individuals  during  the  fiscal  year  1872,  as.sessed  on 
|he  incomes  of  the  calendar  year  1891,  was  §8,410,688.87,  and  from  banks,  railroad 
ompanies,  and  other  corporations,  and  from  salaries  of  United  States  otficers, 
16,020,175.91,  making  a  tjtal  of  814,436,861.78. 

6tII,   LE&-ACIES    .\ND    SUCCESSIONS. 

■  The  tax  on  legacies  and  successions  was  repealed  by  act  of  July  14,  1870.  The 
imount  of  revenue  derived  from  the  same  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  3d, 
.870,  was  §3,091,825.50. 

7th,  articles  of  luxuky  kept  for  use. 

The  tax  on  such  articles  in  this  class,  as  billiard  tables,  carriages,  plates  of  gold 
,nd  silver,  gold  watches,  piano-fortes,  and  yachts,  that  had  not  before  been  re^- 
)ealed,  was,  abolished  by  act  of  July  14,  1870.  The  receipts  from  this  source  during 
he  fiscal  year  1870  were  §907,442.09. 

8th,  slaughtered  animals. 

Tlie  tax  impo.sed  on  slaughtered  cattle,  sheep  and  swine  was  repealed  by  act  of 
Wy  13,  1866.  The  receipts  from  this  source  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  3,  1866, 
vere  §1,291,570.51. 

9th,  passports. 

The  tax  imposed  on  passports  by  the  internal  revenue  laws,  was  repealed  by 
^t  of  July  14,  1870,  and  the  receipts  from  the  same  during  the  fiscal  year  1870 
.mounted  to  §22,756.00. 

10th,  stamp  taxes. 

Stamp  taxes,  so-called,  did  not  include  stamps  used  to  pay  the  tax  on  distilled 
pirits,  fermented  liquors,,  cigars,  cigarettes,  snufi",  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco, 
["hey  were  taxes  imposed  on  nearly  every  form  of  legal  instrument,  on  bank 
:hecks,  patent  medicines,  perfumery,  cosmetics,  friction  matches,  plajung  cards, 
itc.,  and  yielded  a  revenue  during  the  fiscal  year  1870  of  §16,544,043.06.  This 
ax  was  reduced  by  acts  of  July  14,  1870,  and  June  6,  1872,  so  that  during  the 
ast  year  before  its  repeal  on  July  1,  1883,  by  act  of  ]\Iarch  3,  1883,  the  receipts 
rom  this  source  were  §8,139,217.^6 

11th,  illuminating  gas. 

The  only  tax  remaining  on  manufactures  not  repealed  by  acts  of  ^larch  31, 
.868,  and  July  20,  1868,  was  that  on  illuminating  gas,  which  was  abolished  Au- 
gust 1,  1872,  by  act  of  June  6,  1872.  The  receipts  from  this  source  during  the  fiscal 
rear  ended  June  30,  1872,  were  §2,831,718.56. 


126  '  DEMOCKATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


12th,  bank  capital  and  deposits. 


The  tax  on  the  capital  and  deposits  of  all  banks,  private,  state  and  national,  was 
repealed  by  act  of  INIarch  3,  1883.  The  amount  of  revenue  collected  on  the  capital 
and  deposits  of  banks  and  bankers  other  than  national  banks  during  the  iiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  the  last  full  year  the  tax  was  in  force  before  its  repeal  was 
$5,249,172.70,  and  of  national  banks  $5,959,702.37,  making  a  total  of  $11,208,875.07. 

The  above  statement  includes  all  classes  of  internal  taxes  that  have  been  entirely 
abolished  and  shows  the  amount  of  revenue  derived  from  them  during  the  last  en- 
tire fiscal  vear  that  those  taxes  were  in  force. 


SUGAR    DUTIES.  127 


SUGAR  DUTIES. 

Action   of   Republican    Senators    Increasing    Duties   in 
Favor  of  the  Trust. 


Tiie  Republican  members  of  Congress  and  the  Republican  press  have  had  much 
to  say  against  the  Democratic  party  and  especially  thi  Democratic  Senators,  for 
having  given  undue  protection  to  the  refining  industry,  commonly  known  as  the 
'  sugar  trust."  These  accusations  appear  supremely  hypocritical  in  the  face  of  the 
fact  that  this  gigantic  monopoly  grew  up  under  the  protecting  care  of  the  Republi- 
can part}'. 

That  the  protection  given  to  the  sugar  refiners,  over  and  above  the  40  per  cent 
ad  valorem  on  raw  and  refined,  is  more  than  is  necessary,  is  probably  true  ;  but  the 
question  is  n.  t  how  iiAich  should  have  been  given  the  "trust "  but  how  much  could 
be  taken  away  from  it.  The  Republican  party  has  always  baen  the  staunch  friend 
of  "trusts"  and  at  all  times,  when  in  power,  favored  the  "sugar  trust."  That  their 
advocacy  of  free  sugar  in  the  Senate,  during  the  consideration  of  the  tariflT  bill,  was 
a  sham,  and  only  done  for  the  purpose  of  creating  a  division  in  the  ranks  of  the 
Democratic  members,  in  the  endeavor  to  defeat  all  the  tariff  1  gislatioh  and  thereby 
save  the  sugar  and  all  the  other  great  trusts  from  harm,  was  apparent  from  the  fact 
that  whe  1  a  separate  bill,  abolishing  the  differential  duty  on  refined  sugar,  was 
tendered  to  them,  they  either  voted  against  it-  consideration  or  refrained  from 
voting,  thereby  breaking  a  quorum.  Under  the  act  of  1S83,  a  Republican 
measure,  the  duty  on  sugar  under  No.  13,  Dutch  standard  in  color,  was 
2  cents  a  pound;  over  No.  13  and  not  above  No.  16,  2|  cents  per  pound;  above 
No.  16,  and  not  above  No.  20,  3  cents  per  pound,  and  above  No.  20,  3J  cents  per 
pound.  The  sugar  refiners  under  this  act  had  a  pro!;e3tiou  of  IJ  cents  per  pound 
agaiiiSt  sugars  below  No.  13;  f  of  a  cent  a  pound  against  sugars  between  Nos.  13 
and  16,  and  i  cent  a  pound  against  ail  below  No.  20,  Dutch  standard. 

The  McKinley  bill,  as  originally  drafted,  provided  for  an  ad  valorem  duty  of  35 
per  cent  on  raw  and  40  per  cent  on  refined.  At  the  dictation  of  the  "  Trust "  raws 
w-ere  made  free  and  a  specific  duty  of  4-10  of  a  cent  per  pound  placed  on  refined, 
and  a  bounty  of  2  cents  per  pound  provided  for  the  sugar  planters. 

When  the  bill  reached  the  Senate  the  agents  of  the  "  Trust"  were  again  on  hand 
and  the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Senate,  a  majority  of  whom  were  Republicans, 
were  induced  to  report  an  amendment,  increa-ing  the  specific  rate  of  4-10  on  sugars 
above  No.  16,  Dutch  standard,  to  6-10  of  a  cent  per  pound. 

I'^pon  the  adoption  of  this  amendment  the  yeas  and  nays  were  as  follows  : 

Yeas  29. — Aldrich,  Allen,  Butler,  Cameron,    Casey,  Chandler,    Dawes,    Dixon, 
Dolph,  Eustis,  Evarts,  Frye,  (Tibson,  Hale,  Hawley,  Hoar,  McMillan,    Manden-ion, 
Paddock,  Pasco,  Piatt,  Plumb,  Quay,  Reagan,  Sawyer,  Stewart,  Stockbridg(%  Teller, 
Washburn. 
-     Nays  23. — Allison,  Barbour,  Bate,  Berry,  Blackburn,  Carlisle,  Cockrell,  Colquitt, 


128  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

CuUom,  Edmunds,  Faulkner,  Gorman,  Mitchell,  Morgan,  Pugh,  Ransom,  Sherman, 
Spooner,  Vance,  Vest,  Walthall,  ^Mlson  of  Iowa,  Wilson  of  Md. 

Absent  32. — Blair,  Blodgett,  Brown,  Call,  Coke,  Daniel,  Davis,  Farwell,  George, 
Gi*ay,  Hampton,  Harris,  Hearst,  Higgins,  Hiscock,  Ingalls,  Jones  of  Arkansas, 
Jones  of  Nevada,  Kenna,  McPherson,  Moody,  Morrill,  Payne,  Pettigrew,  Pierce, 
Powers,  Sanders,  Squire,  Sanford,  Turpie,  Voorhees,  Wolco'tt. 

Of  the  yeas,  five,  Butler,  Eastis,  Gibson,  Pasco,  and  Reagan  were  Democrats  and, 
the  balance  24:  Republicans;  and  of  the  nays  one,  Allison,  was  a  Republican,  and 
the  balance  22,  were  Democmts. 

The  increase  of  1-5  of  a  cent  per  pound  over  the  rate  proposed  in  the  ]McKuiley 
bill  was  made  upon  the  recommendation  of  a  Republican  committee  and  adopted 
by  Republican  votes. 

After  the  adoption  of  this  amendment,  Senator  Quay  oifered  the  following 
amendment : 

All  sugars  above  No.  13,  Dutch  standard  in  color,  shall  be  classified  by  the  Dutch" 
standard  of  color,  and  shall  pay  duty  as  follows,  namely  :  All  sugars  above  No.  13 
and  not  above  No.  16,  Dutch  standard  of  color,  three-tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound. 
All  sugars  above  No.  16  and  not  above  No.  20,  Dutch  .-tandard  in  color,  shall  pay 
duty  of  six-tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound.  All  sugars  above  No.  20,  Dutch  standard  in 
color,  shall  pay  a  duty  of  eight-tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound  :  Provided,  That  if  an 
export  duty  shall  hereafter  be  laid  upon  sugar  or  molasses  bj'  any  country  from 
whence  the  same  may  be  imported,  such  sugar  or  molasses  so  imported  shall  be 
subject  to  duty  as  provided  by  law  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act. 

This  amendment  proposed  an  increase  on  sugars  between  Nos.  13  and  16,  of  3-10, 
and  in  sugars  above  No.  20,  Dutch  standard,  of  4-10  of  1  cent  per  pound.  Senator 
Manderson  proposed  an  amendment  to  the  amendment,  striking  out  "  one  cent," 
and  inserting  in  lieu  thereof  "  eight-tenths  of  a  cent,"  and  upon  this  proposition 
said  : 

Now,  ^Ir.  President,  it  seems  to  me  that  there  is  abundant  reason  in  these  sug- 
gestions for  establishing  the  distinction  suggested  by  the  amendment  of  the  Sena- 
tor from  Pennsylvania.  That  amendment,  making  this  graded  rate  of  duty  on  all 
sugars  above  No.  13,  will  have  not  only  the  effect  of  encouraging  this  sugar  indus- 
trv,  but,  as  I  have  suggested,  it  permits  manufacturers  of  sugar  from  factories 
wliich  they  expect  to  establish  in  this  country  to  refine  their  own  products  without 
shipping  to  the  lai'ge  refiners  of  sugar  in  the  East  I  believe  the  duty  of  1  per  cent 
per  pound,  as  proposed  bj'  the  amendment  of  the  Senator  from  Pennsylvania,  is 
probably  higher  than  we  need  to  go.  I  think  that  eight  tenths  of  a  cent  per  pound 
will  amply  reach  every  element  of  protection,  and  I  hope  that  amendm  -nt  may  be 
made. 

In  opposition  to  the  amendment  of  Senator  Quay  and  the  amendment  to  the 
same  by  Senator  INIanderson,  Senator  Gorman  said : 

Mr  Gorman.  Mr.  President,  this  amendment  is  not  only  an  increase  on  the  bill 
as  it  came  to  this  body  from  the  other  Housi',  but  the  Senate  has  already  made  a 
very  large  increase  'n  favor  of  the  interest  of  refining  by  the  change  from  16  and 
13,  Dutch  standard,  and  from  four-tenths  to  six-tenths  of  a  cent  per  pound  on  all 
sugars  a'ove  No.  16.  It  is  now  proi)Osed  by  this  amendment  to  o  beyond  even 
the  recommen  "ations  of  the  Committee  on  Finance  and  to  impose  this  duty  upon 
all  sugars  above  No.  20,  which  would  simply  give  the  sugar  refiners  an  absolute 
monopoly  of  all  the  refined  article  and  would  add  to  their  pr(^fit,  in  my  iud_nnent, 
from  the  best  information  I  can  g  t,  beyond  the  jjoint  where  the  present  law  exi-ts, 
and  would  simplj-  be  an  imposition  upon  the  people  of  the  country.  As  the  bill 
is  amended  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  people  will  get  any  verj'  con*iderable  benefit 
from  it. 


SUGAR   DUTIES.  129 

Senator  Vest  also  vigorously  opposed  tlie  amendment.     He  said  : 

Mr.  Vest.  Mr.  President,  pactically  this  amendment  amounts  to  very  little.  I 
shall  vote  against  it,  as  I  have  voted  against  the  increase  from  four  to  six-tenths  of 
a  cent  above  No.  16,  and  imposing  a  duty  of  three-tenths  of  a  cent  between  No.  13 
and  No.  16.  The  refiners  have  now  all  tiiey  want.  The  votes  that  have  been  taken 
here  to-day  have  put  into  the  pockets  of  the  refiners  millions  upon  millions  of 
dollars. 

The  first  report  that  was  made  by  the  McKinley  committee  in  the  House  put  the 
grade  at  No.  16  in  color  under  the  Dutch  standard.  When  the  Mills  bill  was  con- 
sidered in  the  House  the  hist  report  was  in  favor  of  No.  16  and  in  behalf  of  the 
consumers  of  the  country.  Then,  by  some  sort  of  manipulation,  it  was  reduced  to 
No.  13,  which  has  been  the  standard  that  the  refiners  have  demanded  all  the  time. 

The  very  same  thing  which  was  made  the  subject  of  attack  against  the  Demo- 
cratic committee  in  1S88  has  occurred  now  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 
again  in  the  Sei-ate.  The  refiners  have  triumphed  again,  and  have  put  this  down 
to  No.  13,  Dutch  standard.  There  has  never  been  any  test  as  to  sugars  below  No.  13, 
because  they  must  all  be  refined,  and  that  is  the  sugar  which  is  the  raw  material  to 
the  refiners."  But  the  test  has  always  been,  as  every  Senator  who  knows  anything 
about  the  tarift'is  well  aware,  upon  the  grades  between  13  and  16. 

There  are  two  grades  between  13  and  16  which  can  be  used  wlien  imported  into 
this  country  without  being  refined.  They  are  the  light  beet  sugars  that  come 
from  Germany  and  a  dark  sugar  which  is  used  largely  in  the  northwest.  Over 
these  two  grades  the  battle  has  r.iged  all  the  time,  the  refiners  always  claiming  that 
the  standard  should  be  down  to  ^;o.  13  in  color,  whilst  the  friends  of  the  consum- 
ers of  the  country,  as  I  regard  the  question,  have  insisted  upon  No.  16. 

By  the  vote  here  to-day  to  put  three-tenths  of  a  cent  a  jjound  duty  upon  the 
grades  between  13  and  16,  and  then  above  16,  we  have  increased  the  duty  in  the 
bill  as  it  came  from  the  House  from  tour-tenths  to  six-tenths  of  a  cent,  which 
makes  it  absolutely  exclusive.  So  the  refiners,  as  this  bill  now  stands,  without 
voting  upon  the  present  amendment,  get  their  raw  material  free  when  it  is  under 
No.  13,  get  a  duty  which  amounts  almost  to  exclusion  upon  the  two  grades  be- 
tween 13  and  16,  and  get  an  absolutely  exclusive  duty  on  all  grades  above  16. 

Now,  the  Senator  from  Pennsylvania  simply  wants  to  make — 

Assurance  double  sure. 
And  take  a  bond  of  fate — 

By  putting  all  above  20  at  $1.  Mr.  President,  since  the  Senate  has  put  the  rate 
at  three-tenths  of  a  cent  between  13  and  16  and  six-tenths  of  a  cent  above  No.  16, 
the  refiners  have  secured  all  thev  want,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  indifterence  to  me 
whether  or  not  you  add  one  more  outrage,  in  my  judgment,  and«put  it  at  1  cent 
under  the  amendment.  But  in  any  event  1  shall  vote  against  it,  as  I  have  voted 
against  all  the  rest  of  this  legislation. 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  Senator  Vest's  reusarks,  the  demand  for  the  yeas  and 
nays  was  withdrawn  and  the  amendments  rejected. 


130  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


ANTI-TRUST  PROVISIONS. 

Sections  of  the  New  Tariff  Law  Against  Trusts,  Combi- 
nations and  Companies. 


Sec.  73.  That  every  combination,  conspiracy,  trust,  agreement,  or  contra  t  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  contrary  to  public  policy,  illegal,  and  void,  when  the  same 
is  made  by  or  I  etween  two  or  more  persons  or  corporations  either  of  whom  is  en- 
gaged in  imijorting  any  article  from  any  foreign  country  into  the  United  States, 
and  when  such  combination,  conspiracy,  trust,  agnement,  or  contract  is  intended 
to  operate  in  restraint  of  lawful  trade,  or  free  competition  in  lawful  trade  or  com- 
merce, or  to  increase  the  market  price  in  any  part  of  the  United  States  of  any 
article  or  articles  imported  or  intended  to  be  import  d  into  the  United  State-,  or  of 
any  manufacture  into  which  such  imported  article  enters  or  is  intended  to  enter. 
Every  person  who  is  or  shall  hereafter  be  engaged  in  the  importation  of  goods  or 
any  commodity  from  any  foreign  country  in  violation  of  this  section  of  this  act,  or 
who  shall  combine  or  conspire  with  another  to  violate  the  same,  is  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor, and,  on  conviction  thereof  in  any  court  of  the  United  States,  such  person 
shall  be  fined  in  a  sum  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  exceeding  five 
thousand  dollars,  and  shall  be  further  punished  by  imprisonment,  in  the  discretion 
of  the  court,  for  a  term  not  less  than  th  ee  months  nor  exceeding  twelve  months. 

Sec.  74.  That  the  several  circuit  courts  of  the  United  States  are  hereby  invested 
with  jurisdiction  to  prevent  and  restrain  violations  of  section  seventy-thret'  of  this 
act;  and  it  shall  be  the  <luty  of  the  several  district  attorneys  of  the  tJnited  States, 
in  their  respective  districts,  under  the  direction  of  the  Attorney-General,  to  insti- 
tute proceedings  in  equity  to  prevent  a  d  restrain  such  violations.  Such  proceed- 
ings may  be  by  way  of  petitions  setting  forth  the  case  and  praying  that  such  vio- 
lations shall  be  enjoined  or  otherwise  prohibited.  When  the  parties  complained  of 
shall  have  been  duly  notified  of  such  petition  the  court  shall  proceed,  as  soon  as 
may  be,  to  the  l>earing  and  determination  of  he  case;  and  pending  such  petition 
and  before  final  decree,  tlie  court  may  at  any  time  make  such  temporary  restrain- 
ing order  or  prohibition  as  shall  be  deemed  just  in  the  p  emises. 

Sec.  75.  That  whenever  it  shall  appear  to  the  court  befoie  which  any  proceed- 
ing under  the  seventy-fourth  section  of  this  act  may  be  pending,  that  the  ends  of 
justice  require  that  other  parties  should  hi  brought  before  the  court,  the  court  may 
cause  them  to  be  summoned,  whether  they  reside  in  the  district  in  which  the  court 
is  held  or  not;  and  subpoenas  to  that  end  may  be  served  in  any  district  by  the  mar- 
shal thereof. 

Sec.  76.  That  any  property  owned  under  any  contract  or  by  any  combination,  or 
pursuant  to  any  conspiracy  (and  being  the  subject  thereof)  ment'oned  in  section 
seventy-three  of  this  act,  and  being  in  the  course  of  transportation  from  one  State 
to  anothrr,  or  to  or  from  a  Territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  shall  be  forfeited 
to  the  United  States,  and  may  be  seized  and  condemned  by  like  proceedings  as  tliose 
provided  by  law  for  the  forfeiture,  seizure  and  condemnation  of  property  imported 
into  the  United  States  contrary  to  law. 

Sec.  77.  That  any  person  who  shall  be  injured  in  his  business  or  property  by  any 
other  person  or  corporation  by  reason  of  anything  forbid^  len  or  declared  to  be  un- 
lawful by  this  act  may  sue  therefor  in  any  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  in  tlie 
district  in  which  the  defendant  resides  or  is  found,  without  respect  to  the  amount 
in  controversy,  and  shall  recover  three-fold  the  damages  by  him  sustained,  and  tlie 
costs  of  suit,  including  a  reasonable  attorney's  fee. 


SUGAR,  COAL,  IRON  AND  WIRE.  131 


SUGAR,  COAL,  IRON  AND  WIRE. 

Secretary  Carlisle's  Letter  to  Senator  Harris,  August  15 
1894,  as  to  Receipts  and  Expenditures. 


Treasury  Department,  Office  of  the  Secretary, 

Washington,  D.  C,  August  15,  1894. 
Dear  Sir  :  Your  letter  advising  me  that  the  House  of  Representatives  had 
passed  and  sent  to  the  Senate  bills  putting  sugar,  coal,  iron  ore  and  barbed 
wire  on  the  free  list,  and  requesting  ' '  an  official  statement  from  you  (me) 
as  to  the  effect  that  the  passage  of  these  bills,  or  either  of  them,  would  have 
upon  the  revenues  of  the  Government,"  is  received,  and  in  response  I  have 
the  honor  to  say  that,  according  to  the  most  careful  estimates  that  can  be 
made,  if  no  change  is  made  in  the  proposed  revenue  legislation  which  has 
recently  passed  through  Congress,  the  total  receipts  into  the  Treasury  during 
the  current  fiscal  year  will  be  as  follows  : 

Estimated  revenues  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1895. 

From  duties  on  imports  : 

Senate  bill,  including  $43,000,000  on  sugar $179,000,000 

From  internal  taxes : 

Whiskv $95,000,000 

Tobacco 33,000,000 

Fermented  liquors 33,000,000 

Income 15,000,000 

Oleomargarine 1,800,000 

Playing  cards 1,000,000 

Miscellaneous 200,000 

179,000,000 

From  sales  of  land  and  other  miscellaneous  source- 20,000,000 

Total  estimated  revenue 378,000,000 

The  estimated  receipts  for  the  present  year  from  the  proposed  tax  on  in- 
comes and  playing  cards,  and  the  proposed  additional  tax  of  20  cents  per 
gallon  on  distilled  spirits,  are,  it  will  be  observed,  much  less  than  is  stated 
in  the  various  tabulated  statements  which  have  heretofore  been  used  in  the 
discussion  of  these  subjects,  but  I  am  satisfied  the  amounts  here  given  are 
approximately  correct. 

The  proposed  income  tax  will  not  become  payable,  by  the  terms  of  the  bill 
recently  passed,  until  "on  or  before  July  i,  1895,"  which  is  the  close  of  the 
fiscal  year;  and  it  is  estimated  by  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  that 


132  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

by  reason  of  the  large  stock  on  hand  the  receipts  from  the  tax  on  playing 
cards  will  not  amount  to  more  than  §1,000,000  during  this  year. 

The  estimated  increase  of  receipts  on  account  of  the  additional  tax  on  dis- 
tilled spirits  during  the  present  year  has  already  been  prevented  to  a  great 
extent  by  the  withdrawal  of  large  quantities  of  goods  from  the  bonded  ware- 
houses,and  the  payment  of  the  tax  thereon  at  90  cents  per  gallon,  and  this 
process  is  still  going  on. 

The  total  expenditures  during  the  current  fiscal  year  will  be  as  follows  : 

Civil  and  miscellaneous,  including  deficiency  in  nostal  rev- 
enues  " '. 890,000,000 

War,  including  rivers  and  liarbors 56,000,000 

Navy,  including  new  vessels  and  armament 33,000,000 

Indians 10,000,000 

Pensions 143.500,000 

Interest 30,500,000 

Total  estimated  expenditures $363,000,000 

Estimated  surplus  for  year 15,000,000 

The  duly  on  sugar  propsed  in  the  recent  bill  will,  according  to  importa- 
tions of  that  article  during  the  fiscal  year  1893,  yield  an  annual  revenue  of 
^43,478,958,  and  the  duties  on  the  other  articles  mentioned  in  your  commu- 
nication would  yield,  under  that  bill,  about  ;;?i,ooo,ooo  j  that  is  to  say,  iron 
ore,  $270,920;  coal,  $436,149;  and  barbed  wire,  fencing  wire,  and  wire 
rods,  of  iron  or  steel,  when  imported  for  the  manufacture  of  barbed-wire  fenc- 
ing, about  $300,000. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  if  sugar  alone  is  placed  on  the  free  list,  the 
expenditures  during  the  present  fiscal  year  will  exceed  the  receipts  to  the 
amount  of  $28,478,058,  and  if  the  duties  are  removed  from  all  the  articles 
specified  in  your  letter  the  deficit  will  be  $29,478,058,  not  including  any  ex- 
penditure on  account  of  the  sinking  fund,  or  the  payment  of  $2,363,000  of 
Pacific  Railroad  bonds  which  will  mature  during  this  fiscal  year. 

In  view  of  the  existing  and  prospective  requirements  of  the  public  service, 
I  am  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  not  be  safe  to  place  aU  the  articles  enumer- 
ated in  your  letter,  or  even  sugar  alone,  upon  the  free  list,  without  imposing 
taxation  upon  other  articles  or  subjects  sufficient  to  raise  an  annual  revenue  of 
about  $30,000,000. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully  yours, 

J.  G.  CARLISLE,  Secretary. 

Hon.  IsHAM  G.  Harris, 

Acting  Chairman  Senate  Finance  Committee. 

Note — The  bonds  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  guaranteed  by  the  Government, 
to  the  amount  of  $2,362,000,  mature  during  the  present  fiscal  year  ;  and  this 
amount  is  not  included  in  the  above  estimate  of  expenditures. 


mills'  speech.  133 


Tariff  Reform. 

SPEECH 

HON.  ROGER  Q..  MILLS, 

OF  TEXAS, 

In  the  Sentatb  of  the  United  States, 
Tuesday,  April  24,  1894. 

The  Senate,  as  in  Committee  of  the  Whole,  having  under  consideration  the  bill  (H. 
E,.  4864)  to  reduce  taxation,  to  provide  revenue  for  the  Government,  and  for  other, 
purposes- 
Mr.  MILLS  said: 

Mr.  President,  we  have  the  cheap  33t  labor  on  the  globe.  We  have  the  poorest 
paid  labor  in  proportion  to  the  work  our  laborers  do  that  is  to  be  fo  und  on  earth 
Why  so?  Because  we  work  by  machinery,  and  one  laborer  in  this  country  pro- 
duc«s  in  som3  cases  five,  ten,  and  even  over  ten  times  more  than  is  performed  by 
the  man  who  is  doing  the  same  work  in  other  countries.  Great  Britain  approaches 
more  closely  to  us  than  any  other  country  in  the  world,  but  she  is  behind  us.  We 
can  produce  the  things  we  are  producing  cheaper  than  anybody  else  on  earth  can 
do  it,  if  they  can  do  it  at  all. 

I  have  a  statement  here  to  which  I  want  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Senate  and 
of  the  country  and  especially  of  the  wage-workers.  Some  time  ago,  looking  over 
MuUhall's  Dictionary  of  Statistics,  I  came  across  a  statement  in  which  he  gives 
the  number  of  persons  employed  in  manufactures  in  all  the  different  countries  of 
the  world  that  are  manufacturing  to  any  considerable  extent.  He  gives  the  total 
value  of  the  product  made  in  each  country  and  the  number  of  persons  emi^loyed. 
By  dividing  the  number  of  hands  by  the  value  of  the  product  we  get  precisely  the 
amount  of  value  turned  out  by  each  hand.  This  statement  shows  that  for  1888  the 
United  Kingdom  had  5,189,000  persons  employed  in  manufacture;that  they  turned 
out  a  product  worth  $4,100,000,  000,  and  the  product  per  hand  was  §790.  France  had 
4,443,090  per-oas  employed.  They  turned  out  a  product  valued  at  §2,425,000,000,  or 
§545  per  hand.  Germany  had  5,350,000  persons  employed.  Tliey  turned  out  a  produc . 
vaiuedat  §2  915,000,009,  or  §545  per  head.  Russia  had  4,760,000  employed.  She 
turned  out  a  product  valued  §1,815,000,000,  or  §381  per  head.  I  will  print  this 
table  and  will  not  go  over  it  all.  The  United  States  had  3,837,000  persons  employed, 
who  turned  out  a  product  valued  at  §7,215,000,000,  or  §1,880  per  head. 

Department  of  Labor,  Washington,  D.  C,  Fcbruanj  G,  1894. 
My  Dear  Sir:  In  response  to  yours  of  January    18  and  January   20,  I  liave  the 
honor  to  state  that  from  the  very  jest  sources  whi^h  I   have  been  abL  to  consult, 


134 


DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


I  estimate  the  average  annual  earnings  in  all  manufacturing  industries  in  the  coun- 
tries named  bv  you  to  be  as  follows: 

1.  United  States.  $347;  2,  Great  Britain,  $204;  3,  France,  $175;  4,  Belgium,  -165; 
5,  Germany,  153;  6,  Austria,  $150;  7,  Switzerland,  $150;  8,  Italy,  $130;  0,  Spain, 
$120;  10,  Russia,  $120. 

The  above  estimates  have  been  made,  so  far  as  the  United  States  is  concerned, 
from  the  actual  numbar  of  persons  employed  and  the  total  wages  paid  to  them  as 
shown  by  the  census  of  1830;  for  Ireat  Britain  they  have  been  made  larg.^  y  from 
British  figures,  and  for  the  oher  countries  the  estimiies  have  been  made  from 
statements  originating  with  foreign  authorities  and  verified  by  facts  collected  by 
agents  of  ihis  Department.  While  tlie  actual  figures  given  in  the  above  estimates 
may  not  be  more  than  approximately  correct,  the  proportions,  I  feel  sure,  are  fair. 
I  am,  very  respectfully. 

CARROLL  D.  WRIGHT, 

Commissioner. 
Hon.  Roger  Q.  Mills, 

United  Slates  Senate. 

The  average  annual  rate  of  wages  is  for  1830.  The  number  of  hands  and  value  of 
product  is  for  1888.  The  relative  comparison  is  the  ^[same.  The  wages  in  all  coun- 
tries would  be  higher  in  1888  than  in  1880.  But  the  relative  differences  would  be 
Bubstantially  the  same. 

********** 

lam  now  making  a  comparison  based  on  the  wage  rate  of  1880.  I  am  not  talk. 
ing  about  1890.  I  am  taking  the  annual  average  wages  paid  in  1880  and  comparing 
it  with  the  product  of  1888.  It  makes  no  difference,  as  I  said  before,  that  the 
wages  are  of  1880  and  the  product  of  1888,  for  relatively  they  are  the  same  thing. 
The  wages  for  1883  would  have  been  a  little  larger  in  all  the  countries,  but  it  is 
amply  sufficient  for  the  purposes  which  I  have  in  view.  Now,  let  us  apply  this. 
Seven  hundred  and  ninety  dollars'  worth  of  product  per'hand  in  Great  Britain  cost 
in  wages  $204.  In  France  $545  worth  of  product  cost  $175  for  wages.  In  Germany 
$545  cost  $155  for  wages,  and  on  going  down  I  will  print  this  table,  so  that  all  can 
read  it. 
Table  showing  number,  of  employees,  total  value  of  product,  value  of  product  per  em. 

plovee,  annual  average  wages  piid  per  employee  in  minufacluring  industries  in  the 

countries  named  below  in  1880. 


Countries. 

Total  value  of 
product. 

Number  of 
employees. 

Pro:luct 

per 

hand. 

Annual 
wages 
jiaid. 

TTnifprl  TCinodnm       ..    . 

$4,100,000,000 

2,425  000,000 

2,915,000,000 

1,815,000,000 

1,265,000,000 

605,000,000 

425,000,000 

510,000,000 

160,000,000 

7,215,000.000 

5,189,000 
4,443,000 
5,350,000 
4,760,000 
3,090,000 
2,281,000 
1,167,000 
953,000 
370,000 
3,837,000 

$790 
545 
545 
381 
409 
205 
364 
545 
433 

1,880 

$204 

175 

155 

120 

150 

Italy 

130 

Spam 

120 

Bel-^ium 

165 

Switzerland 

United  States 

150 
347 

In  the  United  States  $1,880  worth  of  pr:.duct  cost  $347  for  wages.     Now,  our 
friends  point  to  the  fact  that  the   workman  in  the  United  States  gets  $347  for  his 


MILLS'    SPEKCH.  135 

annual  work;  in  Great  Britaia  he  gets  $204;  in  France  he  gets  $175;  in  Germany 
$155.  Ours  is  the  high-priced  workman,  and  those  are  paupers,  but  when  we  come 
to  look  at  the  fact,  that  our  people  are  paid  less  than  the  foreigner  for  the  amount 
of  work  they  turn  out,  the  boot  is  found  on  the  other  foot. 

Now,  let  us  carry  this  this  thing  out.  Let  us  take  the  labor  coot  in  other  coun- 
tries of  $1,880  worth  of  product  and  compare  it  with  ours.  The  §1,880  worth  of 
goods  imported  into  the  United  Stites  is  the  thing  that  is  to  test  the  coiiditio:i  of 
our  workmen.  "When  the  goods  come  here  then  the  labor  cost  of  a  given  amount  of 
goods  is  compared  with  the  labor  cost  of  the  same  amount  of  goods  in  a  foreign  coun- 
try. One  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty  dollars'  worth  of  goods  cost  in  thia 
country  §347  for  labor. 

Now,  then,  we  imported  from  England  last  year  $1,880  of  cotton  yarns  that  cost 
for  labor  in  England  $485,  and  in  the  United  States  $347.  The  labor  cost  in  England 
was  $138  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  our  tariff  taxes  it  $935  to  protect  our 
labor  agoinst  competition  with  the  Englishman.  We  imported  $1,880  worth  of  kid 
gloves  from  France  that  cost  for  labor  in  France  $604;  in  the  United  States  $347. 
The  labor  cost  in  France  was  $257  m  ire  than  in  the  United  States,  but  they  were 
taxed  $1,165  to  protect  our  workmen  against  competition  with  the  Frenchman.  We 
imported  from  Germo-ny  $1,880  worth  of  woolen  goods,  the  labor  cost  of  whioh  in 
Germany  was  $535,  which  was  $188  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  they  were 
taxed  $1,985  to  protect  our  workmen  against  competition  with  the  German.  We 
imported  from  Russia  cables,  c  ordage,  and  twine  valued  at  $1,880,  the  labor  cost  of 
which  in  ilussia  was  $593,  which  was  $246  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  it 
was  taxed  $487  to  protect  our  workmen  against  competition  with  the  poorly  paid 
Russian. 

We  imported  $1,880  worth  of  buttons  from  Austria,  the  labor  cost  of  which  waa 
$fi89,  or  $342  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  these  buttons  were  taxed  $2,699 
to  protect  our  workmen  ag  linst  competition  with  the  Austrian.  We  imported 
$1,880  worth  of  silk  piece  goo  :is  from  Italy,  the  labor  cost  of  which  in  Italy  waa 
$922,  or  $575  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  they  were  taxed  $940  to  protect 
oiir  workmen  against  competition  with  the  Italian.  We  imported  $1,880  worth  of 
iron  ore  from  Spain,  that  cost  for  labor  $620,  or  $455  more  th  in  in  the  United 
States,  bat  it  was  taxed  $802  to  protect  our  workmen  against  competition  wi  h  the 
Spaniard.  We  imported  from  Belgium  $1,880  worth  of  window  glass  which  cost 
for  labor  id  Belgium  $569;  or  $222  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  it  was  taxed 
$1,936  to  protect  our  workmen  against  competition  with  the  Belgian,  and  w^  im- 
ported irora  Switzerland  $1,880  worth  of  laces  and  embroideries  which  cost  f  )r 
labor  in  Switzerlanl  $651,  or  $304  more  than  in  the  United  States,  but  they  were 
taxed  $i,  128  to  protect  our  workmen  against  competition  with  the  Switzer. 

Germfxny  imports  cotton  yarna  from  Great  Britian  and  weaves  those  yarns  and 
seiids  tbem  back  and  sells  to  Great  Britain  the  cloth  that  is  male  from  them. 
France  imports  cotton  yarns  from  Great  Britain.  We  import  cottons  yarn  from 
Great  Britian.  There  are  cei-tain  things  v.e  cannot  compete  with;  there  are  certain 
things  England  cannot  compete  with;  and  there  are  certain  things  that  other  coun- 
triea  cannot.  I  submit  here  the  table  I  have  prepared,  that  Senators  and  others 
may  examine  it: 


136 


DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


Labor  cost 
Countries  whence     of  $1,880 
imported.           1  worth  of 
product. 

Articles  produced  in 

the  foreign  countries 

named  and  imported 

into  tixe  United  States. 

Labor  cost 

less  in 

United 

Stiites  than 

exporting 

country. 

Amount  of 
tariff  t:ix 

on  $1,880 
woi  th  of 
articl'"^ 

imported. 

United  Kingdom 

S485 
60-1 
535 
593 
689 
922 
620 
569 
651 
347 

$138 
257 
188 
246 
342 
575 
455 
222 
304 

$035 

1,16-5 

1,985 

487 

2  699 

Russia.." 

Austria 

Cables,  cordage  ahd  twine. 

Buttons 

Silk  piece  goods 

Jr  n  ore           

Italy     

940 

Spain 

802 

BeWium           . 

Window  glass   .... 

1,936 
1,128 

Lace  and  embroideries 

United  States 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  our  labor  is  cheaper  than  that  of  other  countries, 
our  people  are  paying  enormous  duties  to  manufactui'ers  to  pro'.ect  their  workmen, 
not  one  dollar  of  which  ever  finds  its  way  to  the  workman's  pocket.  Was  not  the 
Democratic  national  convention  barking  on  the  right  trail  when  they  denounced 
protection  as  a  fraud?  In  the  face  of  all  these  facts  Congress  is  levying  taxes  to 
protect  American  workmen  against  competition  Avitli  pauper  labor  ! 

The  reports  which  I  have  read  to  you  show  that  $100  worth  of  manufactures  cost 
for  labor  in  Great  Britain  $25.82:  in  France,  $32.11;  in  Germany,  $28.44,  in  Russia, 
$31.49;  in  Austria,  $36.63;  in  Italy,  $49.05;  in  Spain,  $32.98;  in  Belgium,  $30.27, 
in  Switzerland,  $34.64;  and  in  the  United  States,  $18.45.  Now,  who  has  the 
cheapest  labor? 


One  of  the  most  distinguished  leaders  of  the  Republican  party,  returning  from 
Europe  in  1888,  started  the  campaign  of  that  year  in  a  speech  at  New  York,  an  ex- 
tract from  which  I  take  from  the  New  York  Tribune  of  August  11,  1888.  In  that 
speech  'Sir.  Blaine  said: 

I  am  glad  that  this  meeting  is  called  in  the  name  of  the  laboring  men,  because 
this  que  tio:i  from  first  to  last,  from  beginning  to  end,  f  omskin  to  core,  and  from 
coi'e  back  to  skin  again,  it  a  question  of  labor. 

In  this  canvass,  in  which  I  sliall  take  greater  or  less  part,  I  shall  hold  this  ques- 
tion from  the  begir  ning  to  the  end  as  a  quistion  that  intere.-ts  every  man,  woman, 
and  child  in  this'country  that  depends  upon  daily  labor  for  daily  bread. 

There  is  no  need  of  making  any  law  to  protect  capital.  Capital  always  takes 
care  of  itself  and  gets  a  full  share.' 

Truthful  are  those  words  as  though  they  were  written  in  Holy  AVrit.  Capital 
takes  care  of  itself  and  it  takes  care  of  the  laborer,  too.  "It  gets  its  fuU  share" 
and  never  gets  left.  The  only  labor  that  it  performs  is  in  getting  this  immense 
bounty  out  of  the  pockets  of  the  people  in  the  name  of  labor  and  putting  it  in  its 
own  pocket.  They  toil  not,  neither  do  they  spin.  They  talk  and  labor  with  their 
mouths  to  get  Congress  to  give  them  higher  prices  for  their  goods,  in  trust  for  their 
laborers  and  then  never  give  a  farthing  to  the  workman. 

]\Ir.  President,  I  will  give  some  more  figures  to  show  how  protective  tariffs  affect 
labor.     In  Consul  Shaw's  rep jrt„ a  very  intelligent  consul  under  a  Republican  Ad- 


mills'  speech.  137 

■jninistration,  made  to  this  Government  in  1882,  in  reporting  on  cotton  goods,  he 
Says  that  in  1882  Great  Britain  had  486,000  hands  employed  in  cotton  manufacture. 
.They  made  a  product  valued  at  $474,916,363.  They  were  paidas  wages  $121,662,500. 
The  value  of  the  product  of  each  hand  was  $977.  The  average  wages  of  each,  $250. 
The  labor  cost  of  the  goods  was  25.61  per  cent. 

Now  let  us  compare  that  with  the  cotton  product  of  the  United  States  two  years 
before. 

In  the  United  States,  in  1880,  our  census  returns  show  that  we  had  172,544  em- 
ployees engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods.  The  value  of  these  products 
was  $102,090,110.  They  received  as  wag.s  $42,040,510.  The  value  of  the  product 
of  each  was  $1,113.  The  average  wages  of  each  was  $243.  The  labor  cost  of  the 
goods  was  21.6  per  cent.  The  Englishman  made  for  his  employer  $977  worth  o^ 
goods.  The  American  made ;  for  his  employer  $1,113  worth  of  goods.  The  Eng- 
lishman got  $25.61  for  $100  worth  of  work.  The  American  got  $21.60  for  $100 
worth  of  work.  Our  workman  turned  out  for  his  employer  $136  more  product 
than  the  Englishman  and  got  $7  less  pay.  But  the  owners  of  the  cotton  goods  got 
the  protective  tariff  benefits  all  the  same.  And  in  1890  his  benefits  were  enlarged 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  helping  the  workingman.     Capital  takes  care  of  itself. 

To  produce  in  Great  Britain  the  $1,113  worth  of  product  turned  out  by  our 
workmen  it  would  have  cost  for  labor  $284,  which  was  $41  more  than  was  paid  to 
our  workmen  in  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Mulhall  gives  us  another  statement  of  cotton  manufacture  in  Great  Britain 
in  1888.  He  says  for  that  year  there  were  504,000  operatives  employed  in  cotton 
manufacture.  The  value  of  the  producr.  turned  out  by  them  was  $507,000,000. 
For  which  they  were  paid  in  wages  $147,000,000.  The  average  value  of  the  pro- 
duct turned  out  by  each  was  $1,006.  The  average  annual  wages  of  each,  $291. 
Labor  cost  of  product  29  per  cent.  Now,  let  us  compare  this  with  1890  in  the 
United  States,  as  shown  by  our  census  returns.  We  had  in  cotton  manufacture 
218,876  operatives.  They  turned  out  for  their  employers  a  product  valued  at  $267,' 
981,724.  Value  of  the  product  of  each  emploj'ee,  $1,224.  Average  annual  wages 
of  each,  $301.     Labor  cost,  24.64  per  cent. 

The  Englishman  got  $29  for  §100  worth  of  work,  and  the  American  got  $24.64.  To 
have  manufactured  the  $1,224  in  England  that  was  made  in  the  United  States  would 
have  cost  for  labor  $354.96  or  $53.96  more  than  it  did  iu  the  United  States.  And  if 
the  whole  $267,981,724  worth  of  our  product  had  been  made  in  Great  Britain  at  their 
wage  i-ate  it  would  have  cost  for  labor  $11,000,000  more  than  it  did  in  the  United 
States;  and  yet  we  have  a  tariff  of  §57  on  each  $100  worth  to  protect  our  labor 
against  the  cheap  paupjr  labor  of  England  !  Indeed,  it  is  a  question  of  labor  "from 
skin  to  core."  If  t'.ie  $507,000,000  of  cotton  goods  that  were  produced  in  England 
had  been  produced  in  the  United  States  at  our  wage  rate  our  work  people  would 
have  gotten  $125,000,000  where  the  Englishman  got  $147,000,000. 

We  imported  last  year  $33,343,553  worth  of  cotton  goods,  the  labor  cost  of  which 
in  Great  Britain  would  have  been  $9,669,661,  and  in  the  United  States  $8,335,888. 
Notwithstanding  the  foreigner  wa-i  paid  for  wages  more  than  a  million  over  the 
wages  paid  to  our  workmen,  the  people  paid  a  tariff  tax  of  $19,031,638  to  protect 
our  poor  workmen  against  pauper  competition.  No  one  can  deny  that  it  is  a  ques- 
tion of  labor  "  from  skin  to  core  and  from  core  back  to  skin  again."  Did  not  the 
Democratic  convention  at  Chicago  hit  the  nail  on  the  head  when  they  branded  pro. 
.tection  as  a  fraud  ?    In  the  name  of  the  working  people,  thousands  of  whom  they 


138  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIUN   BOOK. 

hnve  turned  out  of  employment  :ind  into  the  str.:'et^^,  they  have  phmdered  the 
"\  country  to  build  u])  a  ])lutocracy ;  and  now  and  hero  in  the  midst  of  the  wide 
^  soread  distress  which  they  have  sown  from  their  hand  •  they  have  the  effront  ry  to 
still  defend  the  monumental  ro'  ibery  in  tlie  nanas  of  the  po jr  workingman.  The 
American  people  understood  the  question  in  1892  and  took  the  ski  a  from  the  party 
that  made  the  McKinley  law,  and  they  will  take  the  core  when  they  come 
again.  *  *  *  1  give  h  re  a  list  of  articles  which  show  from  the  cens.is  retui-na 
what  wages  are  paid  and  from  the  tariff  what  protection  is  voted  for  our  workmen. 
I  hope  some  one  who  may  be  able  to  do  so  will  explain  why  it  is  that  the  tariff 
takes  the  skin  off  the  wrong  man. 

In  1  ton  of  steel  rails  the  labor  cost  is  $3  ;  the  tariff  is  $13.44. 

In  $100  worth  of  cutlery  the  labor  cost  is  $11.24  ;  the  tariff  is  $80.11. 

In  $100  worth  of  mats  and  matting  the  labor  cost  is  $34.90;  the  tariff  is  $88.59 

In  $100  worth  of  silk  piece  goods  the  labor  ca^t  is  $22.54  ;  the  tariff  is  $60. 

In  $100  worth  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  th3  labor  cost  is  $34.51 ;  the  tariff  is 
$125.36. 

In  $100  worth  of  woolen  or  -worsted  cbjths  the  labor  cost  is  $20.85  ;  the  tariff  la 
$100.02. 

In  $100  worth  of  pottery  the  labor  cost  is  $45.  Oo  ;  the  tariff  is  $60. 

In  $100  worth  of  pearl  buttons  the  labor  cost  is  $31.69  ;  the  tariff  is  $143.61. 

In  $100  worth  of  tannin  the  labor  cost  is  $16.34  ;  the  tariff  is  $119.47. 

In  a  ton  of  coal  the  labor  cost  is  from  40  to  50  cents  ;  the  tariff  is  75  cents. 

In  $100  worth  of  cotton  goods  the  labor  cost  is  $24.24  ;  the  tariff  $57.08. 

In  $100  worth  of  linen  the  labor  c:)st  is  $32.92  ;  the  tariff  is  $50. 

In  $100  worth  of  common  Avindovv  glas-i  the  labor  cost  is  $53.09;  the  tariff  i? 
$98.39. 

In  1  ton  of  pig  iron  the  labor  cost  is  $1.-50  ;  the  tariff  is  $8.72. 

In  1  ton  of  bar  iron  the  labor  cost  is  $1.57  ;  the  tariff  is  $52.98.     *    *    * 

Mr.  President,  the  only  way  that  the  laborer  cm  receive  any  benefit  is  by  the 
law  of  n  iture  that  gives  him  employment,  that  gives  him  constant  employment, 
~~\  that  gives  him  employment  w.th  a  constantly  incivasing  demand  for  his  work. 
^  That  is  only  don  ^  when  we  increas.^  the  consumption  of  the  things  upon  which 
labor  is  expended,  and  we  increase  the  consumption  of  the  products  of  labor  when 
we  reduce  the  cost  of  making  them— the  labor  cost  and  ev^ry  other.  Now,  ma- 
chinery do  s  that,  and  so  does  the  reduction  ';f  taxes.  Then  we  must  reduce  the 
cost  of  reaching  market  and  remove  all  obstructions  out  of  the  way  so  that  we  may 
get  there.  We  must  increase  the  demand  fo  ■  employment,  and  as  the  demand  for 
the  cm])lo.yment  of  labor  increases  by  the  increased  consumption  of  the  things  that 
his  la'>or  makes,  so  wages  will  increase  and  employment  will  be  constant.    *    *    * 

Mr.  Pre  ident,  our  friends  contend  that  because  prices  have  been  falling  here  in 
the  Uniied  States  since  they  lave  had  a  tariff,  that  the  tariff  is  the  cause  of  the 
lowering  of  prices,  and  they  are  constantly  pointing  to  us  the  fact  that  the  price  of 
a  certain  thing  was  so  much  thirty  years  ago,  and  it  is  so  much  less  now.  My  dis- 
tjnguishe  !  and  venerable  friend  acro.s3  the  way  [Mr.  Morrill]  told  us  the  other 
day  in  hi-i  speech  that  two-ply  ingrain  cirpot  was  worth  $1  per  yard  thirty  years 
ago,  and  that  it  is  now  worth  50  cent^  a  yard.  Behold  the  tariff  !  The  tariff  did 
all  this  thing  !  He  d'd  not  tell  us  that  the;  labor  co.st  of  that  yard  of  ingrain  carpet 
is  now  0  cents  a  yard  and  the  tariff  on  it  is  over  60  per  cent  to  protect  it  against 
competition,  when  tlie  labor  co.st  of  that  amoimt  of  goods  in  Great  Britain  is  7 


mills'  speech. 


139 


cents  How  does  my  friend  or  how  does  any  other  man  account  for  the  fact  that 
prices  have  been  falling  in  free-trade  England  as  well  as  in  the  Umted  States  for 
the  la^t  thirty  years?  I  have  a  list  here  of  articles  which  I  have  taken  trom  the 
export  prices  of  Great  Britain,  commencing  with  1873,  comparmg  1873,  1877,  and 
1891,  and  it  shows  a  constant  downward  tendency  of  prices  all  along  the  line  : 
Export  prices  of  English  products  for  the  years  named. 


English  products. 


1873. 


Butter •• percwt... 

Oxndle^  per  dozen  pounds... 

Cement..'. percwt... 

Cordase f^ 

Wheat ^o 

Wheat  flour clo  ••- 

Cotton  yarn per  pound.. 

Cotton  piece  goods  plain .per  yard.. 

Cotton  piece  goods,  printed clo... 

Cotton  stockings per  dozen  pau-s.. 

Plate  glass,  rough per  square  foot.. 

Flint  glass percwt.. 

Common  bottles ....do.. 

Hats  of  all  sorts per  dozen... 

Boots  and  shoes ...per  dozen  pairs... 

Linen  yarn per  pound... 

Jute  yarn ^^••• 

White  linen,  plain p_-ryard... 

White  linen,  printed do... 

Sail  cloth do... 

Pig  iron per  ton... 

Bar,  angle,  bolt  and  rod  iron do... 

Sheet  iron do... 

Hoop  iron do... 

Tinned  plates do... 

Steel  bars do... 

IVlanufactures  of  steel tlo  — 

Copper  ingots percwt... 

Yellow  metal do... 

Pi^,  sheet  and  pipe  lead per  ton... 

Paoer percwt.. 

Sir^  piece  goods P^^r  yard- 
Reined  sugar per  cwt.. 

Wwol per  pound.. 

Wtolen  and  worsted  yarn do.. 

Cai  pets per  yard... 

Flamels do. 

Oxiie  of  Cobalt per  pomid. 

Nicwel do. 


1877. 


$29.53 
2.01 
.76 
14.92 
3.37 
4.74 
.3552 
.069 
.0956 
1.80 
.75 
14.47 
2.54 
7.36 
16.18 
.3302 
.0808 
.1524 
.1526 
.2794 
31.16 
65.45 
89.75 
72.90 
163.85 
185.55 
347.55 
23.40 
21.45 
118.75 
15.20 
.88 
7.50 
.4236 
.74.50 


3.54 
2.07 


$33.04 
1.90 
.64 
13.87 
3.25 
4.35 
.2575 
.0566 
.0861 
1.5575 
.555 
13.94 
2.74 
6.22 
15.32 
.3226 
.0696 
.1386 
.1572 
.2742 
14.33 
88.85 
63.95 
42.75 
99.00 
167.70 
316.70 
18.90 
17.70 
107.45 
14.00 
.80 
6.89 
.3546 
.6424 
.6204 
..36 
.306 
1.15 


1891. 


$28.87 
1.18 
.49 
11.48 
2.35 
3.02 
.2188 
.0461 
.0630 
1.50 
.32 
11.09 
2.34 
4.71 
13.51 
.2904 
.0494 
.1084 
.1224 
.2142 
13.12 
33.70 
42.05 
36.40 
79.90 
80.30 
173.85 
13.90 
14.00 
70.75 
8.30 
.57 
3.59 
.2022 
.4.530 
.4968 
.25 
2.07 
.48 


It  <ill  not  do  to  say  that  the  tariff  reduces  prices  in  thi  United  States  and  free 
tradr-  reduces  prices  in  Great  Britain.  The  same  cause,  under  the  same  circum- 
stanwss,  ought  to  produce  the  same  result.  They  tell  us  it  will ;  but  here  we  have 
prices  brought  down  by  free  trade  in  Great  Britain  and  under  a  protective  tariff 
in  the  Unite  1  States.  Sir,  prices  have  been  brought  down  by  improved  produc- 
tion, by  machinery,  by  invention,  increasing  the  amount  of  product  in  a  given 


^^^  DEilOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

time,  and  lowering  the  cost  ot  the  product.     I  have  here  some  figures  that  will 
give  an  illustration  of  that  fact. 

A  long  time  ago  when  we  were  boys,  when  oar  mothers  were  spinning  with  the 
old  hand  wheel — 

One  thousand  persons  in  one  week  spun  3,000  pounds  of  cotton  vam 
Xo.  10,  at  $1.50  each '        '     g^ 

One  person  now  spms  3,000  pounds  of  cotton  yarn,'No."lO,"  and"recei%is        ''^ 

for  wages 

6 

Induction  in  labor  cost ]~^ 

_   Our  friends  point  to  it  and  say  a  protective  tariff  did  that,  not  the  spinning 
]enny-not  the  skUl  and  genius  of  the  man  who  worked  the  machine  and   the 
man  who  mvented  :t,  but  a  protective  tariff;  and  you  levy  50  per  cent  duty  on 
cotton  yarn  and  say  the  duty  did  that. 
Let  us  follow  that  up  a  little  further  : 

The  cost  price  of  3,000  pounds  of  yarn  then,  at  75  cents  per  pound $•>  250 

The  cost  price  of  3,000  pounds  of  m.  10  cotton  yarn  now,  at  15  cents  per        ' 

P"^^^ • • ...._450 

^^^^^^^^^ ~i^ 

By  a  protective  tariff ! 

Labor  cost  of  247  hand  weavers  required  to  weave  3,000  poands  of  yam  into 
11,100  yards  of  sheeting,  each  weaving  45  yards  per  week  and  recei^dn^ 
§3  per  week  as  wages,  was "  -.-. 

Labor  cost  now  of  8  weavers  who  weave  that  amount'in'one  week  and 
receive  |6  per  week  as  wages ^g 

Reduction  m  weaving 7^ 

Cost  of  cloth  made  by  hand  spinning  and  weaving,  at  40  cents  per  vard  4  440 

Cost  of  cloth  now,  at  7  cents  per  yard,  by  machinery ' '777 

Reduction  in  cost o  ggo 

.\iidtheysaya  protective  tariff  did  it-not  the  spinning  jenny  and  the  power 
loom,  but  the  protective  tariff  that  le^'ies  50  per  cent  dutv  on  cotton  yarn  and  57 
per  cent  on  cotton  goods. 

Adam  Smith  tells  of  the  immense  benefits  that  come  by  the  division  of  labor  in 
making  pms,  from  which  I  have  gathered  these  figures: 

Labor  cost  of  521  persons  required  to  make  2,500,000  pins  in  one  day,  at  1 
cent  per  hundred,  was c.^-q 

Labor  cost  of  1  person,  who  now  makes  2,500,000  pins  in  oneday'  and  re- 
ceives as  wages  §1 

Reduction ^ 

^  That  is  done  by  a  pin  machine.  Yet  our  friends  stand  here  and  tell  us  that  is 
done  by  a  protective  tariff,  and  put  on  more  duty  in  the  interest  of  the  poor  work- 
ingman,  and  get  him  to  believe  that  a  protective  tariff  reduces  prices   and  benefits 


mills'  speech.  141 

him.     Adam  Smith  stuck  pins  in  the  protective  tariff  in  Gi'eat  Britain   till  it  was  \j 
dead,  and  the  common  shoolhouse  and  the  schoolmaster  in  this  country  are  stick- 
ing pins  in  it  now,  and  will  continue  to  stick  pins  in  it  until  it  is  as  dead  in  this  coun- 
try as  it  is  in  Great  Britain. 

It  would  have  required  58  persons,  working  one  week,  each  making  12,000 
eight-penny  nails  to  make  704,000,  now  made  by  1,  and  the  wages  of  the 
58,  atSGeach,  was *'^^*^ 

They  are  now  made  by  one  hand,  at  §5  per  day,  six  days 30 

Reduction ^^^ 

Mr.  President,  it  is  not  taxing  that  reduces  the  price  of  a  thing.  Adding  to  the 
cost  never  reduces  the  price.  That  cannot  be  done.  Adding  to  the  cost  of  a  thing 
increases  the  price  of  a  thing,  or  mathematics  is  a  lie.  It  is  taking  from  the  cost 
of  a  thing  that  reduces  the  price  of  it.  That  is  what  machinery  does,  what  a  reve- 
nue tariff  does,  and  that  is  what  free  trade  does  still  better.  There  can  be  no  justi- 
fication on  earth,  either  in  politics  or  common  justice,  to  tax  the  producls  of  human 
labor  except  to  support  the  administration  of  government.  When  this  Govern- 
ment was  first  founded,  a  hundred  years  ago,  our  old  fathers  advocated  moderate 
protection,  for  what?  Because  they  were  involved  in  war  all  the  time.  They  be- 
gan in  war;  they  continued  in  war,  and  for  a  generation  and  more  they  were  strug- 
gling with  the  powers  of  all  the  world,  it  seemed.  During  Jefferson's  administra- 
tion°the  question  was  whether  we  would  fall  into  the  arms  of  Great  Britain  and 
the  allied  powers  of  the  continent  of  Europe  or  France. 

Finally,  we  became  involved  in  war  with  Great  Britain.  We  needed  manufac- 
tured products;  we  needed  them  every  hour  and  every  day,  but  the  honest  men  of 
those  days  said  they  were  in  favor  of  protective  duties  to  build  up  the  infants. 
They  never  claimed  that  it  was  a  permanent  policy.  They  claimed  that  it  was  for 
the  puiTDOse  of  building  up  infant  industries  in  this  country  which  would  eventually 
come  to  maturity.  One  of  the  mo.^t  distinguished  leaders  of  the  Republican  party, 
Gen.  Garfield,  twenty-five  years  ago  or  less,  in  voicing  the  sentiment  of  the  modern 
protectionist  of  that  day  in  his  own  party  said  that  he  was  in  favor  of  that  kind 
of  protection  that  led  to  free  trade.  That  was  the  kind  of  protection  that  clay  ad- 
vocated; that  was  the  kind  that  was  contended  for  by  the  early  protectionists,  it 
was  not  changed  until  about  the  time  of  George  M.  Dallas,  when  standing  where 
you  are  sitting  now,  Mr.  President,  he  gave  the  casting  vote  in  184ti  for  the  AY alker 
tariff.  He  said  then  that  the  infant  had  its  growth;  it  must  now  stand  upon  its 
own  feet;  it  must  depend  upon  itself.  The  policy  after  that  time  was  not  infant 
manufactures,  but  it  changed  them  to  protection  of  American  workmen  against  the 
pauper  labor  of  Europe.     *    *    * 

We  must  take  the  tax  off  those  materials  that  are  wrought  into  manufactures. 
We  must  do  that  as  far  as  we  can.  We  mu,st  start  in  the  good  work,  wliether  we 
can  accomplish  it  all  now  or  not.  We  must  start,  not  protecting  our  manufactures 
and  making  them  so  high  that  our  people  cannot  consume  them,  but  making  them 
low  enough  so  that  their  consumption  will  be  universal  and  to  the  largest  possible 
extent.  To  do  that  we  will  have  to  reduce  the  revenues  we  are  taking  from  manu- 
factured goods  and  take  something  from  the  accumulated  wealth  of  the  nation. 


142  BEMOCRATIC    CA.^IPAIGN    BOOK. 


Appropriations  and  Expenditures.— Reductions  and  Reforms. 


Expenses  Retlnced  $28,835,989.70. 

No  Contrats  Autl&orized  to  Batrdea  Future  Congresses. 

Sax  Hundred  Offices  Abolislied. 


REMARKS 

OF 


HON.  JOSEPH  D.  SAYERS, 

OF    TEXAS, 

In  the  House  of  Representatives, 

Thursday,  August  16,  1894. 
On  the  subject  of  appropriatious. 

Mr.  SAYERS  said : 

Mr.  Speaker  :  The  appropriations  made  during  the  extraordinary  session  and  the 
first  regular  session  of  the  present  Congress,  including  permanent  appropriations, 
show  a  reduction  of  §28,835,989.70  under  the  appropriations  made  at  the  last  ses- 
sion of  the  last  Congress ;  and,  deducting  the  amount  of  the  river  and  harbor  bill, 
$11,473,180,  which  should  be  dme  for  the  purpose  of  comparison,  inasmuch  as  no 
river  and  harbor  bill  was  passed  by  the  last  Congress  at  its  last  session,  the  reduc- 
tion is  $40,309,169.70. 

A  tabular  history  of  the  appropriation  bills,  showing  also  the  estimates  submitted 
to  this  Congress  and  thv^  appropriations  made  at  the  last  session  of  the  last  Congress, 
will  be  found  in  Table  A,  which  I  shall  submit  as  a  part  of  my  remarks. 

The  thii'teen  regular  annual  appropriation  bills,  including  the  river  and  harbor 
bill,  are  grouped  in  the  table  so  as  to  show  the  aggregates  of  the  whole  in  the  several 
stages  through  which  they  passed  in  the  processes  of  legislation,  from  the  estimates 
submitted  UTitil  their  final  enactment.     The  table  shows — 

(1)  That  the  bills,  including  deficiencies,  as  passed  by  the  House,  made  a  reduc- 
tion under  the  estimates  submitted  to  Congress  of  $32,571,188.62. 

(2)  That  they  were  increased,  as  reported  from  committee  to  the  Senate, 
$13,372,977.34. 

(3)  That  they  were  increased,  as  passed  by  the  Senate,  $16,225,997.62  ;  and 

(4)  That  as  tliey  became  laws,  including  miscellaneous,  they  appropriated  less 
than  the  estimates,  $29,994,471.20  ;  more  than  as  they  passed  the  House,  $9,370,- 


APPROPRIATIONS. 


143 


140.89  ;  less  tliau  as  they  passed  the  Sonatxj,  $3,855,8515.73  ;  anl  less  than  the   laws 
for  1894,  including  permanent  appropriations,  $28,835,980.70. 

As  compared  with  the  laws  passed  at  the  last  session  of  the  last  Congress,  the 
following  reductions  are  shown  in  the  table  : 
By  the  a-ricultural  bill ^fi?9'7S'?n 

_■'      ,  _   T\'  hill  uo^,/Ot>.lU 

By  the^'IegislativeVetc/rbiur  which  "carries,  in  the  main  the  great 

Vilarv  list  of  the  Government 9,V?m04 

Bv  the  Military  A  ademybill.^... 14  949  780  00 

Bvthe  pension  appropriation  bill t'Sr  53510 

BVth.  sundry  civil  bai li'456  440  60 

On  accountof  deficieiuies ...-. ;:"-;--V.-""-<;Vi"mn  mn 'fn;  ^"'^^'''**"-''" 

On  account  of  permanent  appropriations  (inpluding  $11,000,000  for 
sugar  bounty,  which  is  abolished,  and  $450,000  expenses   under 

election  laws  that  are  repealed) 14,oJ3,oJd.  J^ 

Total  reduction $48,624,221.72 

The  bills  showing  increases  over  the  last  laws  are  as  follows  : 

The  diplomatic  and  consular  bill iS'SqIa 

The  District  of  Columbia  bill l?A'mQ  m 

The  fortification  bill .  lyt'lmu 

The  Indian  bill i99o'nn534 

The  naval  bill qfe'X'^'S 

Postoflice  bill •• if'rTq'TsOOO 

The  river  and  harbor  bill  (total) ^^'^^o'^no  89 

msceilaneous 29,00082 

Total  increase $19,788,232.02 

Net  reduction  by  all  of  the  bills,  including  deficiencies  and  permanent  appropria- 
tions, $28,835,989.70. 


THE   NEW   NAVY. 

The  reconstriKtion  of  the  Navy  was  begun  a  little  more  than  eleven  years  ago. 
Durin<^  the  period  since  March  3,  1883,  flity  modern  vessels  of  all  classes,  now  built 
or  beinc  built,  have  i)een  authorized  by  acts  of  Congress.  Toward  their  construc- 
tion eq°uipment,  and  armament  there  has  been  appropriated,  including  $9,955,025 
in  the  naval  bill  at  this  session,  the  sum  of  $88,981,188.80.  To  finally  complete, 
equip  and  arm  them  it  is  estimated  that  there  wll  yet  have  to  be  appropriated  the 
further  sum  of  $23,080,974.84,  making  a  total  of  $112,062,163.64,  which  the  new 
Navy  as  now  authorized,  will  cost.  Of  these  fifty  new  naval  vessels,  only  three 
were  'authorized  by  the  present  Congress,  and  the  thek  total  cost  is  limited  to 
$450,000. 

PUBLit;   BOILDINGS. 

Tue  Fifty -first  Congress  authorized  the  construction  of  sixtv-nine  new  public 
b-iikhn'^s  inc.uding  three  United  States  prisons,  and  extended  the  limit  of  cost  of 
twenty-lihree  buildings  previously  authorized  to  be  constructed.  The  expense  ot 
these  new  buildmgs  was  fixed  at  $16,946,639.54.  Of  this  sum  the  Fiity-first  Con- 
gress appropriated  only  $8,886,639.-54,  leaving  $8,060,000  to  be  provided  by  subse- 
quent Congresses. 


144  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

The  present  Congress  and  the  last  Congress  authorized  the  construction  of  no  new 
pubUc  buildings. 

CO>rPARISOX   OF   APPROPKIATIOXS. 

The  appropriations  made  at  the  present  and  extraordinary  session  of  Congress,  as 
shown  in  the  statement  marked  "Table  B,"  and  which  I  shall  submit  as  part  of 
my  remarks,  are  : 

Less  than  the  appropriations  made  at  the  last  session  of  the  last 
Congress  by $28,835,989.70 

Less  than  the  appropriations  ma:le  at  the  first  session  of  the  last 

Congress  by 16,931,819.20 

Less  than  the  appropriations  made  at  the  last  session  of  the  Fifty- 
first  Congress  by 50,555,491.78 

Less  than  the  appropriations  made  at  the  first  session  of  the  Fifty- 
first  Congress  by 3,787,879.14 

And  less  than  the  estimates  submilted  by 29,994,471.20 

The  table  referred  to  is  compiled  from  the  official  records,  including  therein,  for 
the  Fifty-first  Congress,  expenditures  under  indefinite  appropriations  made  by  that 
Congress  and  under  permanent  appropriations  authorized  by  sai  I  Congress  after 
the  estimates  for  permanent  appropriations  were  submitted  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  all  of  which  are  fuily  explained  in  foot  notes  to  the  table. 

APPROPRIATIOXS   ENTAILED    BY   THE   FIFTY-FIRST   CONGRESS. 

In  the  statement  marked  "Table  C"  and  submitted  herewith  there  are  shown 
appropriations  made  at  this  session  and  also  by  the  Ffty -second  Congress  and  by 
the  Fifty -first  Congress,  pursuant  to  laws  enacted  during  the  Fifty-first  Congress: 

This  statement  shows  that  of  the  appropriation  made  at  this  session,  §65,723,- 
441 92  were  required  under  laws  passed  during  the  Fifty-first  Congress  ;  that 
only  184,574,191.01  were  appropriated  by  the  first  session  of  the  Fifty-first  Congress 
under  those  laws  ;  that  of  the  appropriations  uia  le  during  the  two  sessions  of  the 
last  Congress  $175,736,618.79  were  the  result  of  those  laws,  and  that  only  $127,309,- 
111.68  were  appropriated  at  both  sessions  of  the  Fifty -first  Congress  under  those 
laws  which  it  passed  entailing  such  enormous  obligations  upon  its  successors. 

OFFICES  ABOLISHED — SAL.VEIES    REDUCED. 

During  the  present  session  of  Congress  the  salaried  list  of  the  Government  has 
been  reduced  by  more  than  600  in  number  and  over  $700,000  in  annual  cost,  and 
more  salaries  have  been  reduced  than  in?reased. 

The  Fifty-first  Congress  specifically  added,  net,  to  the  salaried  list  of  the  Govern- 
ment 1,705  new  offices,  at  a  total  annual  cost  of  $2,048,350.82,  and  specifically  in- 
creased, net,  1,214  salaries,  at  a  total  annial  cost  of  $247,724.82. 

The  Fifty-second  Congress,  exclusive  of  the  authority  to  increase  the  enlistment 
of  apprentice  boys  in  the  Xavy  by  750,  ad'ded,  net,  to  the  salaried  list  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, 158  new  offi.-eiv,  at  a  total  annual  cost  of  $134,790.  The  latter  Congress, 
exclusive  of  the  nominal  increase  which  it  authorized  in  the  monthly  pay  of  the 
station-keepers  and  surf  men  of  the  Life-Saving  Service,  and  of  the  sergeants  in  the 
Army,  reduced,  net,  177  salaries,  at  an  annual  saving  of  $36,105. 


APPROPRIATIONS.  145 

DIMINISHENG     REVENUKS. 

The  revenue  of  the  Govermniiut  from  all  sources,  exchisive  of  postal  recipts, 
which  are  dedicated  solely  to  the  postal  service,  have  been,  since  and  including  tlie 
ascal  year  ending  June  30,  1890,  as  follows  : 

For  fiscal  year  1S90  §403,080,982.63 

For  fiscal  year  1891 392,612,447.31 

For  fiscal  year  1892  354,037,784.24 

For  fiscal  year  1893  385,818,02>.78 

For  fiscal  year  1894  296,960,336.00 

XET   ORDINARY    EXPENDITURES. 

The  net  ordinary  expenditures  of  the  Government,  including  interest  on  the 
public  debt,  and  exclusive  of  requirements  of  the  sinking  fund  for  the  fiscal  years 
1886,  1887,  and  1888,  they  constituting  the  three  full  years  of  Mr.  Cleveland's  for- 
mer administration,  were  as  follows  : 

1886 ?267,932,179.97 

1887  .• 267,924,801.13 

1888 299,288,978.25 

And  for  the  fiscal  years  1890,  1891,  and  1892,  they  biing  the  three  full  years  of 
Mr.  Harrison's  administration,  such  expenditures  were  as  follows  : 

1890 $318,1)40,710  66 

1891  365,773,935.35 

1892  345,023,330.58 

This  vast  difterence  in  the  increase  of  expenditures  of  the  three  years  la-^t  named 
over  those  first  given  can  only  be  attributed  to  a  recklessness  of  appropriation  and 
expenditure  by  the  then  dominant  party.  It  is  true  that  the  regular  annual  appro- 
priations at  the  first  session  of  the  Fiftj'-first  Congress  for  the  fiscal  year  1891 
amounted  to  but  §363,132,116.95,  but  when  the  amount  of  the  permanent  annual 
appropriations  at  the  first  session  of  that  Congress,  §131,324,131.70,  being  §32,448,- 
224.41  greatt^r  than  for  the  year  1890,  is  considered,  it  may  be  readily  seen  in  what 
the  appropriations  were  made  and  the  expenditures  swollen  by  the  Republican  ad- 
ministration. From  a  constantly  increasing  expenditure  and  continual  decreasing 
vevenues  unquestionably  resulted  the  serious  and  embarrassing  condition  of  tha 
public  Treasury  when  the  present  administration  assumed  control  of  the  Govern- 
ment. 


.U6 


DEMOCRATIC  CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


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DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN     BOOK. 


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150  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOR. 


ECONOMY  AND  EFFICIENCY 

Reorganization  of  the  Executive  Departments  and  Im- 
provement of  Business  Methods  Therein. 


After  the  election  of  Mr.  Cleveland  a  law  was  passed  by  the  last  Congress  at  its 
last  session,  at  the  instance  of  Hon.  A.  M.  Dockery,  a  Representative  from  Missouri, 
creating  a  joint  commission  of  Congress  to  improve  the  methods  of  business  in. 
the  Executive  Departments  at  Washington  and  to  reduce  expenditures  therein. 

The  commission  as  constituted  consisted  of  Represent;; tive  A.  M.  Dockery,  .J.  D. 
Richardson,  and  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.,  on  the  part  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  ■ 
and  Senators  F.  M.  Cockrell,  J.  K.  Jones,  and  S.  M.  Cullorn.  They  set  about  their 
labors  immediately  after  their  appointment  and  the  inauguration  of  Mr.  Cleveland. 

The  first  result  of  their  work  was  the  preparation,  by  competent  persons,  of  a 
compilation  of  references  to  law  s  creating  the  Executive  Departments  and  the  sev- 
eral Bureaus  and  offices  thereof,  and  other  Government  establishments  at  the  Na- 
tional Capital;  the  creation  of  all  officers  therein,  and  their  salaries  as  fixed  from 
time  to  time.  This  work  was  the  first  of  its  character  ever  attempted — it  was  printed 
both  as  a  House  and  a  Senate  report  of  Congress,  and  has  already  proved  of  inesti- 
mable value. 

Next  followed  from  the  commission  a  comprehensive  census  of  all  the  officers  and 
employees  of  the  Government  at  Washington. 

A  genei-al  summary  of  this  report  discloses  the  fact  that  the  Executive  Departments 
and  other  establishments  at  the  National  Capital  are  divided  into  136  offices  or  bu- 
reaus and  498  divisions ;  that  there  are  17,599  per.-ions  employed  therein,  11,667  males 
and  5,6:37  females;  that  of  this  number  employed  in  the  Executive  Departments,  the 
Department  of  Labor,  Civil  Service  Commission,  and  Fish  Commission,  which  are 
under  the  civil  service  law,  S,027  are  in  the  class  subject  to  competitive  civil  ser- 
vice examination  p.eliminary  to  appointment,  and  3,265  of  that  number  entered 
the  service  after  such  examination;  the  residue,  4,762,  were  employed  in  the  de- 
partnients  at  the  time  they  were  classified  and  placed  under  the  civil  service  law- 
by  executive  ordei ;  that  the  ages  of  those  employed,  stated  in  multiples  of  five  ^ 
years,  range  from  20  years  to  90  years,  and  the  length  of  sei'vice  of  all  employees 
ranges  from  one  year  to  sixty  years  each;  and  that  of  the  whole  number  employed, 
5,610  have  from  one  to  nine  relatives  eacli  in  tli  ■  Government  serviLe  at  Wash- 
ington. 

One  of  the  great  evils  which  for  years  had  attracted  public  attention  was  the 
costly  errors  occuring  more  or  less  at  every  session  of  Congress  in  the  enrollment 
of  bills,  enacted  by  that  holy;  the  system  in  vogue,  of  writing,  by  hand,  every 
bill  after  final  enactment  had  been  lian  led  down  since  the  foundation  of  t!ie 
Govemiuent.      The  commission  corresponded  with  all  of  tiie  leading  foreign  gov- 


ECONOMY    AXD    EFFICIENCY.  151 

ernments.  and  after  a  careful  study  of  their  several  jsysteuis  recommended  and 
Congress  adopted  a  method  by  which  every  act  of  Congress  is  required  to  be  printed 
in  clear  t\  pe  before  presenting  to  the  President  for  approval.  This  facilitates 
the  careful  examination  of  all  acts  and  reduces  to  a  minimum  the  possibility  of 
making  the  mistakes  which  in  the  past  have  cost  the  country  millions  in  revenue 
and  expenditures. 

The  first  of  the  seven  laws  enacted  thus  far  on  the  recommendation  of  the  com- 
mission was  approved  January  22,  1894.  It  regulates  the  methods  of  making  returns 
of  money  deposited  by  postmasters,  and  will  save  at  least  a  month  in  the  hitherto 
slow  process  of  settling  postmasters'  acccounts  and  holding  them  accountable  for 
public  furds. 

The  next  law  enacted  on  the  recommendation  of  the  commission  prescribes  a  uni- 
form method  of  advertising  for  and  purchasing  supplies  for  the  Government  service 
in  Washington.  Under  the  old  sy-tem  each  department  purchased  in  itsown  way, 
according  to  its  needs,  and  without  reference  to  prices  paid  for,  or  quality  of  arti- 
cles procured  by  other  departments.  Under  the  new  law  each  department  will  be 
advised  of  the  prices  and  quality  of  all  ar  icles  offered  to  the  others,  and  business 
men  are  afforded  an  opportunity  of  making  at  one  time  offers  for  supplying  articles 
for  all  of  the  departments  instead  of  to  only  one  as  heretofore.  Already  the  first 
letting  of  contracts  under  the  new  law  shows  large  reductions  on  all  supplies,  and 
the  indications  are  that  the  saving  to  the  Government  will  amount  to  at  least  $100,- 
000  during  the  year. 

On  the  27th  of  January,  1894,  another  law  was  passed  at  the  instance  of  the  com- 
mission to  improve  the  methods  of  accounting  in  the  Post  Otfice  Department.  It 
makes  a  direct  annual  reduction  of  $52,515.00  in  expenditures,  abolishes  the  postal 
note,  established  a  new  money  order  ystem,  and  reduces  the  cost  of  money  or- 
ders to  the  people  from  2  to  15  cents  on  each  order  above  $15  00. 

This  law  also  provides  for  turning  into  the  Treasury  the  amount  of  all  unpaid 
money  orders  and  postal  notes  more  than  one  year  old.  This  provision  of  the  law 
will  cover  into  the  Treasury  for  use  as  current  revenue  possibly  $2,500,000,  now 
lying  idly  in   the  sub-treasury  at  New  York. 

On  Maich  29,  1894,  another  bill  prepared  by  the  commission  became  a  law 
abolishing  a  useless  report  required  from  the  Treasurer  costing  annually  not  less 
than  $8,500. 

On  the  same  day  ano  her  of  their  bills  was  enacted  into  law  regulating  the  mak- 
ing of  property  returns  by  Government  ofiice.s  at  an  annual  saving  of  $15,000. 

On  the  Post  Office  appropriation  act,  a  provision  was  enacted  on  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  commission  for  the  disposition  of  old  money  orders,  and  will  save  to 
the  country  annually  in  expenses  of  storage  and  handling  $10,000. 

On  the  great  salary  appropriation  act  of  the  Government  for  the  next  fiscal  year, 
approved  July  31,  1894,  there  is  enacted  provisions  of  law,  recommended  by  the 
commission,  completely  reorganizing  the  methods  of  accounting  in  the  Treasury 
Department.  This  new  law  brings  to  the  service  of  the  Government  the  host  de- 
vices and  methods  known  to  the  modern  business  world,  tor  the  protection  oi  its 
interests  in  the  settlement  each  year  of  accounts  for  the  hundreds  of  millions  of  its 
revenue  and  disbursements.  The  new  system  provided  by  this  law  will  be  operated 
with  186  less  ofiScials  and  clerks  and  at  an  annual  reduction  of  cost  of  $235,000  under 
the  old  methods. 

On  the  recommendation  of  the  commission  new  regulations  have  been  adopted 


152  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

in  the  Treasury  Department  changing  the  old  form  of  the  Treasury  warrant  which 
will  result  in  an  annual  saving  of  $6,000. 

The  Treasury  and  Post  Office  Departments  have  also  taken  action,  at  the  request 
of  the  commis-fion,  discontinuing  certain  useless  statistics  relating  to  international 
money  orders  that  will  save  annually  $10,000. 

The  work  already  accomplished  by  the  commission,  to  say  nothing  of  that  which 
it  has  under  advisement  and  in  course  of  preparation  for  presentation  at  the  next 
session  of  Congress  for  legislative  action,  will  save  annually  to  the  Government  not 
less  than  $437,015.00. 

SAVING    IX    THE  WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Under  the  business  methods  adopted  by  the  Secretarj-  of  War  the  number  of 
clerks  in  that  department  has  been  reduced  from  1,348  to  965.  The  aggregate  of 
the  salaries  of  the  clerks  whose  services  were  dispensed  with  was  $452,800.  This 
reduction  in  the  clerical  force  permitted  reductions  in  other  items  of  expenditure 
directly  connected  with  the  business  of  the  department.  A  reduction  of  nearly  10 
per  cent  in  the  number  of  commissioned  officers  of  the  Army  on  duty  io  Washing- 
ton a  year  ago  has  been  made. 

It  is  safe  to  say  thit  the  total  savings  in  this  department  alone  from  the  reform 
inaugurated  will  exceed  a  half  million  of  dollars. 


r»IPLO\rATIC   RELATIONS.  153 


DIPLOMATIC  RELATIONS. 

The    Foreign    Policies   of   Republican   and   Democratic 
Administrations  Compared. 


The  adrainistmtionof  our  foreign  relations  during  Mr.  Hani  son's  incumbency  forms 
a  record  in  which  no  true  American  can  take  a  just  pride.  From  the  earhest  days  of 
our  history  as  a  nation  the  policy  of  non-entangling  alliances  and  non-interference 
with  the  affair^  of  foreign  powers  has  been  accepted  by  all  parties  as  essential,  not 
only  to  the  preservation  of  our  system  of  Governmeiit,  but,  as  an  example  lo  other 
nations  of  the  lofty  principles  which  should  animate  and  control  the  civilized  people 
of  the  world  in  their  relations  towar  is  each  other. 

To  the  maintenance  ol'  this  principle  and  tlie  fidelity  with  which  it  has  been 
adhered  to,  in  the  face  of  great  temptation,  we  are  largely  indebted  for  the  preser- 
vation, the  growth  and  the  grandeur  of  our  institutions,  and  it  will  be  a  sad  day  for 
the  American  people  when  they  abandon  it  for  the  "jingoism"  which  charac- 
terized the  acts  of  the  last  Republican  administration. 

SAMOAN   ISLANDS. 

The  treaty  entered  into  by  our  Government  with  Germany  and  Great  Britain  in 
1889  relative  to  the  government  of  the  Samoan  Islands  was  such  a  palpable  depar- 
ture from  t  le  accepted  policies  that  should  control  our  relations  with  foreign 
powers  as  to  merit  the  severest  rebuke  from  all  parties. 

In  a  recent  report  to  the  Senate  (see Ex.  doc.  93)  Mr.  Gresham,  Secr^-tary  of 
State,  in  discussing  the  provisions  of  this  treaty,  said  : 

A  period  of  almost  five  y^ars  having  elapsed  since  the  conclusion  of  the  general 
act  of  Berlin,  th:"  present  occasion  is  not  inappropriate  for  a  review  of  its  results. 
Such  a  review,  however,  would  hardly  be  intelligible  without  some  consideration 
of  the  events  that  preceded  the  tr.^aty.  In  order  that  the  subject  may  be  fully 
comprehended,  it  will  be  necessary  to  pre-ent  a  general  survey  of  our  relations  to 
Samoa,  both  befoiv  and  sinc^  the  conclusion  of  the  general  act,  and  to  exhibit  tha 
policy  we  have  pursue  I  toward  the  island--,  b^th  in  respict  of  its  character  and  its 
results. 

This  duty  is  especially  important,  since  it  is  m  our  relations  to  Samoa  that  we  have 
made  the  first  departure  from  our  tradition  d  and  well-established  policy  of  avoiding 
entangling  a'liances  with  foreign  powers  in  relation  to  objects  remote  from  this 
hemispliere.  Like  all  other  human  transa.'tons,  the  wisdom  of  that  departure 
must  be  tested  by  its  fruits.  If  the  departure  was  justified  there  must  be  some 
evidence  ('f  detriment  suffered  before  its  adoption,  or  of  advantage  sine '  gained, 
to  demonstrate  the  fa  -t.  If  no  such  evidence  can  be  found  we  are  ccjufronted  with 
the  serious  responsibility  of  having  without  sufficient  grounds,  imperiled  a  policy 
which  is  not  only  coeval  with  our  Government,  but  to  which  may,  in  great  measure, 
be  a-^crilDed  the  peace,  the  prosperity,  and  the  moral  influence  of  t  .e  United  States. 
Every  nation,  and  especially  every"  srong  nation,  must  sometimes  be  conscious  of 
an  iinpulse  to  rush  into  difficult  es  that  do  not  concern  it,  except  in  a  highly 
imaginary  way.     To  restrain  the  indulgence  of  such  a  propensity  is   not  only  the 


154  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

part  of  wisdom,  but  a  duty  we  owe  to  the  world  as  an  exiinple  of  the  strength,  the 
moderation,  and  the  beneficence  of  popular  government. 

That  our  citizens  had  no  material  interests  in  jeopardy  in  Samoa,  and  that  the 
assumption,  financial  or  otherwise,  of  any  obligations  upon  the  part  of  our  Gov- 
ernment to  assist  in  supporting  and  sustaining  any  form  of  government  there  was 
wholly  gratuitous  and  liable  to  involve  us  in  needless  complications  no  one  can  gain- 
say. By  the  treaty  the  three  parties  recognized  the  independence  and  neutrality 
of  the  islands  and  stipulated  for  the  provisional  recognition  of  Malietoa  Laupepa  as 
King,  and  provided  for  the  establishment  of  a  government,  the  chief  feature  of 
which  was  a  Supreme  Court,  composed  of  one  judge,  to  be  nominated  by  the  treaty 
powers,  and  styled  Chief  Justice  of  Samoa.  The  Chief  Justice  was  clothed  with  both 
appellate  and  original  jurisdiction  and  his  decisions  made  final.  His  salary  was 
fixed  at  §6,000  a  year  in  gold,  to  be  paid  the  first  year  in  equal  proportions  by  the 
treaty  powers  and  afterwards  out  of  the  revenues'  of  the  Samoan  Government,  with 
a  proviso  that  ii  any  deficiency  should  occur  the  same  should  be  made  good  by  the 
treaty  powers.  After  the  Supreme  Court,  was  pi'ovided  a  local  government  for  the 
municipal  district  of  Apia.  Of  this  government  the  principal  organ  was  a  munici- 
pal council  composed  of  six  members  and  a  President ;  the  President  to  be  selected 
through  the  instrumentality  of  the  treaty  powers  and  receive  an  annual  compensa- 
tion of  $5,000,  'o  be  paid  the  first  year,  in  equal  shares,  by  the  treaty  powers,  and 
afterwards  out  of  the  Samoan  revenues  assigned  to  the  use  of  the  municipality. 
Many  other  provisions  and  stipulations  are  contained  in  the  treaty,  bitt  these  are 
sufficient  to  show  the  nature  of  the  same  and  the  obligations  that  our  Government 
entered  into  to  restore  a  semi-barbarous  King  to  his  throne  and  to  set  up  a  govern- 
ment over  a  semi-civilized  people  in  a  distant  and  insignificant  island  in  which  we 
had  no  interest. 

The  complications  in  which  we  are  likely  to  become  involved  by  this  extraordi- 
nary treaty  is  strikingly  illustrated  by  the  Secretary  in  his  report.     He  says: 

As  early  as  1801  some  of  the  natives,  under  the  lead  of  Mataafa,  began  to  betray 
rebellious  symptoms  of  even  a  more  pronounced  character.  In  a  dispatch  of  De- 
cember 6,  1892,  Mr.  Blacklock,  the  consul  of  the  Ignited  States  at  Apia,  in  report- 
ing upon  the  condition  of  affairs  that  had  prevailed  in  the  islands  for  a  year  prior 
to  that  date,  said: 

"Ever  since  Mataafa' s  establishment  at  Malie  he  has  endeavored  to  gather 
strength  and  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  had  he  been  successful  in  getting  suffi- 
cient following  he  would  have  made  war  upon  Malietoa  ;  he  has  done  everything 
in  opposing  the  Government  except  making  war;  he  has  defied  its  courts,  obstructed 
its  officials  in  the  execution  of  their  duties,  harbored  refugees  from  justice,  succored 
and  supported  prisoners  escaped  from  prison,  and  at  the  present  moment  is  living 
in  open  defiance  of  the  king  and  government  and  all  the  laws  of  the  country,  keep- 
ing up  an  armed  force  and  plundering  foreigners'  plantations  for  subsistence.  Time 
and  again  have  white  officials  who  went  to  Malie  with  warrants  for  the  arrest  of  of- 
fenders been  driven  away  by  Mataafa's  soldiers  and  warned  against  attempting  any 
arrest  under  penalty  of  death. ' ' 

This  condition  of  things  continued  with  increasing  aggravation  till  July,  1893, 
when  war  actually  broke  out.  The  treaty  powers  were  now  compelled  actively  to 
intervene  with  their  naval  foices  in  order  to  keep  Malietoa  on  the  throne.  In  the 
end  it  became  necessary  to  disperse  the  insurgents  and  to  deport  .Mataafa  and 
ele\'en  other  chiefs  to  another  island,  where  they  have  since  been  kept  at  the  joint 
expense  of  the  three  powers. 

It  appears,  therefore,  that  we  have  by  this  treaty  assumed  not  only  a  share  of  the 
expenses  in  maintaining  tlie  government  provided  by   its  provisions,  but  are  ob- 


DIPLOMATIC    RELATIONS.  155 

ligated  to  aid  iii  defending  the  same  against  the  insurrections  of  its  rebellicis  sub- 
jects. What  interest  we  had  in  t!ie  people  of  Samoa,  or  what  benefits  v/ere  to  ac- 
crue to  u-s  from  the  arrangement,  we  are  l"ft  to  conjecture,  as  none  have  ever  be- 
come visible.  Only  i-ecentiy  the  governments  of  Greit  Britain  and  Germ  ny 
have  been  forced  to  send  a  naval  fofce  to  Samoa  to  subdue  the  rebellious  M  taafa 
and  his  followers.  It  is  a  matter  of  supreme  satisfaction  that  our  Government  did 
not  assume  to  carry  out  her  p-art  of  th.^  agreement,  but  has  abandoned  th.e  same. 

oL'K  rf:latioxs  with  chili. 

The  etf  rts  of  Mr.  Harrison's  administration  to  precepitate  a  war  with  the  Chilian 
people  and  (he  underlying  causes  which  led  to  the  bitter  hostility  mani- 
fested by  them  towa  ds  (jur  repre.sentatives  and  sailors  was  one  of  the  most 
disreputible  transactions  in  which  our  Government  was  forced  to  take 
part.  The  true  history  of  this  controversy  has  never  been  fully  dis- 
closed. A  comprehensive  s'.atement  of  the  troubles  which  arose  in  Chili  in  1891 
and  1892  is  necessary  to  a  perfect  understa  iding  of  the  question.  The  power  of  the 
president  of  Chili  was  very  great.  His  patronage  was  enormous,  embracing  not  only 
the  general  civil  service  but  local  otiices,  except  in  the  municipalities,  and  all  ap- 
pointments to  the  army  and  navy  and  in  the  telegraph  and  railroad  service  and  the 
giving  out  of  contracts.  He  was  always  able  to  dictate  his  successor.  The  only  check 
to  his  nfluence  aid  power  was  the  custom  which  required  him  to  choose  his  minis- 
ters from  the  dominant  element  in  Congress  and  to  dismiss  them  after  a  vote  of 
censure.  Congress  could  withh  )ld  supplies  and  had  the  power  to  fix,  in  the  an- 
nual bill,  the  forces  on  land  and  sea.  These  res  raints  compelled  the  President  to 
act  in  harmony  with  the  majority  in  Congress.  Balmaceda  was  exceedingly  popu- 
lar at  the  time  of  his  election  as  President,  but  later  broke  with  the  majority 
and  selected  a  cabinet  of  his  own  choice  regardless  of  the  sentimants  of 
Congress.  The  breach  began  to  widen  and  continued  to  become  more  antagonistic 
until  finally  Congress  held  an  extraordinary  session,  at  which  the  members  sign  d 
an  act  declaring  the  President  unworthy  of  hispostandnolongerchief  of  theStateor 
President  of  the  Republic,  becaus  •  he  had  violated  the  Constitution  and  was  guilty  of 
treason.  Balmaceda  attempted  to  forestall  the  action  of  Congre.ss  by  issuing  a  mani- 
festo and  assuming  virtual  dictatorship.  The  congressional  party  was  backed  by  the 
land-holders,  the  wealth,  the  clergy  and  the  foreign  elements  and  had  secured  the 
co-opn-ation  of  the  fleet.  The  President  had  command  of  the  standing  ar.ny  and 
charge  of  th^  funds  in  the  treasury.  Balm.iceda  having  assumed  a  militarj'  dicta- 
torship, declared  the  whole  country  under  martial  law.  The  most  rigorous  meas- 
ures were  pursued  by  him.  The  farms  and  estates  of  the  Congressionalists  were 
pillaged,  their  crops  burned  and  their  houses  sacked.  Newspapers  were  oppressed; 
men  of  social  position  were  bastinadoed  to  compel  them  to  reveal  the  hiding  places 
of  political  refugees;  pris  )n3  were  choked  with  persons  prominent  in  social,  profes- 
sional and  comme  cial  circles.  Mr.  Patrick  Egan,  then  our  Minister  to  Chili,  and 
Mr  W.  B.  McCreery,  our  Consul  at  Valparaiso,  instead  of  maintaining  a  strict  neu- 
trality in  such  a  delicate  situation,  became  ardent  sympathizers  with  and  strong 
supporters  of  Balmaceda.  AMiy  it  was  ihat  our  representatives  studiously  misrep- 
resented the  true  situati  n  and  labored  to  mislead  our  own  as  well  as  the  people  of 
other  governments  as  to  the  final  resu  t,  is  perfectly  clear  when  their  real  purposes 
and  objects  are  understood.  The  true  inwardness  of  their  c<jnduct  was  partially 
given  through  the  columns  of  the  public  press,  but  nothing  like  a  full  exposition 


156  DEMOCRATIC    CA.MPAKiN    BOOK. 

of  their  sclie;nes  and  macliinations  has  been  given  to  the  people  of  this  co^intry. 
From  a  private  letter  written  by  Mr.  John  Trumbull,  a  citizen  of  Chili  i  born  of 
Am?rican  parentage),  of  unquestioned  character,  standing  and  reputation,  and  tiled 
in  the  Deparanent  of  State,  the  folloning  is  taken.     He  said  :  • 

I  firmly  believe  that  pecuniary  int?rests  are  a  the  bo:to:n  of  all  tha  trouble  be- 
tween Chili  and  t  le  United  States.  To  show  that  these  existed  enclosed  you  will 
find  some  photographs,  which  conclusively  prove  that  Consul  McCreery  has  been 
engaged  in  exchange  speculations.  He  has  b.'en  doing  this  throughout  our  troubles 
here,  employing  several  "brokers  to  make  hi^  purchases  and  sales.  I  have  affirmed, 
and  can  prove,  that  his  partial  transactions  with  one  broker  in  ten  weeks  amounted 
to  £252,000.  Allowing  for  transactions  for  quick  delivery,  whicli  are  not  included, 
and  supposing  the  same  rate  to  have  continued,  as  it  un  loubtedly  has,  and  tht- se 
cannot  fail  during  the  past  year  to  have  aggregated  at  least  £2,000,000.  My  impres- 
sion is  tha'  twice  that  sum  is  nearer  correct,  yet  this  will  give  you  an  idea  t)f  the 
■  extent  to  which  the  U.  S.  Consul  has  engaged  in  speculative  ventures. 

*  *  *  .  *  *  *  * 

At  first  he  seems  to  have  felt  so  sure  that  Balmaceda  would  ultimately  win  t  lat 
lie  used  to  sigu  the  broker's  slips  and  received  c  ecks  in  pnyuient  of  gains  made, 
and  so  some  positive  proof  has  been  obtainable  ;  bu.  \  ou  will  understand  how  averse 
people  are  to  he'ping  one  collect  such  data.  For  some  time  back  Consul  McCreery 
has  sough:  to  keep  in  the  background,  though  any  number  of  businessmen  and 
brokers  can  witness  to  his  persistent  continuance  in  the  same  exchange  business. 

On  May  27,  1891,  through  the  failure  of  a  Dr.  M  muel  Rameo,  a  bill  for  £5,000 
sold  to  him  by  a  Mr.  Neckelman  on  the  Consul's  account,  came  back  on  the  last 
named  and  made  him  lose  over  $7,000  in  consequence.  It  is  said  the  Consul  recog- 
nized, promised  to,  but  never  did  pay  this.  After  that  Mr.  N.  made  transactions 
for  him,  as  one  of  the  slips  will  prove,  but  you  wall  notice  that  as  he  n  >  longer 
trusted  the  Consul's  word  he  got  him  to  sign  and  leave  the  notification  in  his  pos- 
session as  a  guarantee.  Tuis  transaction  when  clo-ed  netted  a  gain  o '  $1,870,  which 
Mr.  N.  concluded  to  keep  as  again  ^t  the  $7,409,  and  so  handed  in  a  statement  to 
that  efiect.  This  called  f  jrth  the  letter  reproduced,  yet  Consul  McCreery  has  never 
made  good  his  threat.  He  probably  intends  to  wait  until  he  leaves,  when  he  will 
make  out  a  power  of  attorney  to  some  one  authorizing  him  to  present  the  claim. 
Meanwhile  Mr.  N.'s  books  conclusively  show  the  truth  of  his  statement,  but  he  has 
no  redress  at  law,  since  then  h-  did  not  think  it  necessary  to  secure  3Ir.  McCreery' s 
signature,  which  legally  is  the  only  evidence  of  such  trans  ictions. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  ~      -jf 

However,  were  this  m  rely  a  question  of  exchange  transactions  and  complicat  ons 
I  wou'd  never  have  touched  it.  In  fact  only  on  February  11,  1892,  did  this  come  to 
my  knowledge  ;  whereas,  on  December  7,  1891,  when  war  threatened,  I  cabled  about 
these  speculations  in  order  to  throw  discredit  on  the  reliability  of  afficials  whose 
course  was  manifestly  intended  to  bring  a  ruptui-e  between  the  two  countries.  It  is 
because  I  believe  that  x'lf-iiUtMf  t  prrn.-ipted  the  conr<"  of  Minister  Egan  and  Consul 
McCreery,  and  becau^  ■  i\v.'  attitule  of  tli^^  L'uited  States  (4overnin-nt  wa^*,  in  c  >nse- 
quence  of  their  misrepresentations,  one  of  great  injisti.'eti  Chili  an  1  ihoroighly 
discreditable  to  the  traditions  and  impulses  of  your  great  country  and  juMiplc  that  I 
have  taken  up  the  matter  s  .  eai'nestly.  The  magnitude  of  the  Consul'^  tiansactions 
make  it  unlikely  that  he  went  into  them  alone.  Besides  it  is  undeniable  iliat  lie  was 
in  constant  communicatictn  with  ^Mr.  Eaganby  letter  and  telephone;  that  he  was  our 
best  source  of  information  during  the  revolution;  that  activity  on  his  part  betokened 
news  favirable  or  unfavorable  to  the  Congress'anal  arms  which  was  sure  to  come 
out  sliortly  after  news  of  heavy  exchange  transactions.  Thc^re  are  other  things 
which  tend  to  impjicate  Mr.  E^an  in  the.se  exchange  deal-;,  though  I  frankly  own 
that  his  shrewdness  has  made  it  impossible  for  me  to  get  any  proof  against  him. 
On  the  other  hand  his  family  interest  in  Balmaceda' s  success  is  und -niable,  and 
further  on  I  will  refer  to  facts  which  prove  his  bad  faith  through  )Ut  and  sine  >  the 
revolution. 

I  return  to  exchange.  During  the  early  naonths  of  the  uprising  ]Mr.  Egan' s  news 
to  Consul  McCreery  was  invaluable  to  him  and  a  basis  for  sure  operations.     At  any 


DIPLOMATIC    RELATIONS.  157 

rate  he  then  made  gains^right  along  for  every  lu.iil.      I  have  furniiiliiHl  proof  tliat  liia 
profits  were  on 

Februarv  18,  1891 $I1,735.<.« 

March  4,  1891 2,014.70 

March  18,  1891 12,240.19 

April  1,  1891 2,808.9,-) 

April  18,  1891 •. 1,8(54.04 

April  29,  1891 5,707.44 

Total $36,431.25 

After  the  definite  occupation  of  Tarapaca  by  the  Revolutionary  forces,  and  the 
sinking  of  the  Blanco  Encalad'>,  things  did  not  pay  so  well.  During  May  the 
Consul  was  losing  heivily.  For  the  European  mail  of  May  13,  1891,  lie  had 
bought  £31,0))  in  various  am  :)unts  and  rates  for  $463,797.44,  "and  had  be  mi  com- 
pelled to  se!l  for  onlv  §453,834.80.  Loss  $9,953.64,  making  a  total  loss  through  Mr. 
Nfrckelm.in  alone  of' $21,644.49. 

AVhen  the  May  13th  losses  were  looming  up,  the  ItaJ-a  appeared  in  San 
Diego.  The  Consul  might  effectively  prevent  her  sailing  widi  or  for  the  arms.  On 
May  7,  he  went  to  the  Intendencia  (Covernor's  office)  heard  a  few  questions  pro- 
pounded to  the  Directors  of  the  South  American  S.  S.  Co.,  and  then  and  there  in  ink 
signed  a  dispatch  drawn  up  in  lead  pencil  addressed  to  Secretary  Bla  ne,  aiming  at 
the  seizure  of  the  Itata  by  the  United  States  Government.  "Further,  that  cable, 
not  in  his  handwriting,  was  sent  to  the  State  telegraph  office  by  Intendente  Viel. 
From  there  it  wa<  transferred  to  tlie  Transandine  Telegraph  Co.,  to  ba  forwarded  ; 
but  mark  you  "  at  the  expense  of  the  Intendente  Veil."  An  official  message  of  the 
United  .States  Government  written  probably  by  interested  parties,  not  by  the 
Consul ;  emanat  ng  not  from  the  Consulate,  but  from  the  Governor's  dispatching  ; 
sent  not  by  the  United  States  Consul,  but  by  the  Dictator's  sa.ellite  ;  paid  for  with 
money  stolen  from  the  people  of  Chili.  This  is  true,  and  yet  it  is  not  the  only  in- 
stance when  an  official  cable  to  your  Government  was  paid  for  by  other  than  the 
proper  parties. 

The  object  of  the  Itata  cable  was  to  assist  Balmaceda  and  also  because  the 
Consul  knew  that  failure  to  secure  arms  would  drive  exchange  down.  Other  inter- 
est in  the  Dictator's  success  he  may  also  have  had.  Mr.  Egan's  son  certainly  had  ; 
and  hence  one  is  not  surprised  to  find  that  the  Hon.  Patrick  Egan  sought  to 
give  Balmaceda  a  cable  line  to  Callao  to  further  his  ends  ;  that  he  cabled  his  urgent 
request  for  the  sale  of  a  cruiser,  that  he  repeatedly  asserts  the  perfect  order  mi\in- 
tained  through  terrorism.  Hogging,  incarceration  and  assassination  ;  that  he  sought 
by  silence  to  lead  the  U.  S.  Government  to  believe  in  the  legality  of  a  Congress 
designated  by  the  farce  of  an  election  ;  that  he  heralds  the  una-iimity  with 
wdiich  the  would-be  Presidential  candidate  was  designated ;  that  he  is  careful  to 
correct  false  as.sertions  sent  by  cable  only  by  letter,  etc. 

Minister  Egan  and  Consul  McCreery,  whose  motives  you  may  gather  from  the 
foregoing,  succeeded  aduiirably  in  making  Admirals  McCann  and  Brown,  Capts. 
Schley  and  Evans,  and  others  of  the  Navy  take  their  cue  from  them. 

A  gentleman  from  Santiago  told  me  that  3Ir.  Egan,  when  they  were  cut  off  from 
Valparaiso,  assured  him  the  U.  S.  (jovernment  would  get  the  first  news  of  effective 
movements  because  he  had  advised  Admiral  Brown  to  watch  the  fieet  and  report. 
He  certainly  did.  On  the  afternoon  of  August  liOth  he  ran  out  to  Quinteros  and 
came  back  Hying.  He  at  once  sent  an  officer  to  cable  his  cipher  message  to  Wash- 
ington. That  officer,  H.  G.  L.  Dyer,  at  the  same  time  handed  in  to  the  Central 
&  South  American  Telegraph  C'j.,  a  dispatch  for  the  X.  Y.  Herald  (which  must 
have  been  read  by  the  Intendente,  since  it  bears  his  signature  '"O.  Viel"  as  a 
countersign  to  allow  of  its  being  forwarded ),  giving  in  plain  English,  which  he  thor- 
oughly understood,  the  results  of  the  San  Francisco's  observations.  *  *  *  On 
the  strength  of  that  news  trjo:.s  were  hurried  out  of  Concon,  a  bli>oily  battle  fol- 
lowed, but  owing  to  its  severity  could  not  be  fol  owed  up  \fy  tlie  t'ungressionalists, 
and  so  a  second  great  sacrifice  was  made  necessary  in  Piacilla.  This  s  "cund  carnage 
would  have  been  avoided  liad  the  attacking  party  Ijeen  able  to  re  ic!i  chu  railroad 
line  to  prevent  th^  incoming  of  troops  from  San  iigoand  tlie  S)ut!i,  as  \mi  for  the 
San  Francisco's  news  would  have  happened.     The  1,460  men  killed  in  Piacilla  di- 


158  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

rectly  owe  their  death  to  t'le  int-erference  of  the  U.  S.  Navy;  indirectly,  I  beheve, 
to  the  prv-sence  of  such  unworthy  representatives  as  you  have  had  here  in  ^Minister 
Egan  and  Consul  ^IcCreery. 

After  reatling  the  foregoing  no  one  will  be  sui-prised  that  the  people  of  Chili  felt 
sorely  aggrieved  at  our  representatives  and  our  people,  and  in  their  excitement 
made  an  unwarranted  assault  upon  the  crew  of  the  Baltimore  at  Valparaiso.  At- 
torney General  Miller,  in  obedience  to  th?  dictates  of  Egan  and  McCreery  ordered 
the  seizure  of  the  Itata  in  San  Deigo  harbor  when  he  knew  or  ought  to  have 
knovrn  that  she  had  in  nowise  violated  our  laws  of  neutralitj'.  It  was  done  to  pre- 
vent her  from  carrying  the  arms  and  ammunition  which  were  on  board  the 
Robert  and  ]\Iinnie,  to  the  Congressional  forces. 

This  disgmceful  record,  however,  did  not  end  here.  The  final  action  of  President 
Harrison  was  a  fitting  conclusion  and  ample  proof  that  he  was  anxious  to  uphold 
the  Dictator  if  he  could  only  find  an  excuse  that  would  give  him  the  popular  sup- 
port of  the  people.  His  share  in  this  transaction  was  clearly  set  forth  in  the  Dem- 
ocratic text  book  of  1S92,  as  follows  : 

Harrison's  "  just-ix-time"  mess.\ge. 

The  closing  chapter  in  the  story  of  the  Baltimore  episode  must  be  read  by 
every  American  with  a  feelmg  of  shame  that  th^  Chief  Executive  of  this  Great 
Republic  could  have  been  induced  for  the  furtherance  of  his  own  political  ambition 
to  resort  to  such  measures  fo.-  the  humiliation  of  a  weak  and  almost  defenseless 
neighboring  power. 

President  Harrison  and  his  advisers  were  fully  informel  as  to  the  diflSculties  in 
tiie  way  of  overcoming  popular  prejudice  with  which  the  new  government  of  Chili 
was  laboring  in  the  efibn  to  bring  about  a  satisfactory  termination  of  the  contro- 
versy. President  Montt's  friendly  attitude  had  been  demonstrated  in  a  hundred 
difierent  ways  and  there  was  no  possible  doubt  as  to  the  outcome  of  the  incident. 
Secretary  Blaine  was  confident  that  the  affair  would  be  amicably  settled  \\  ithin  a 
few  days,  and  in  justice  to  him  it  should  be  said  he  took  n;i  part  in  urging  upon  the 
President  the  necessity  for  immediate  action. 

In  this  situation  of  affairs,  the  President,  on  January  21,  forward  d  to  the  Chilian 
Government  t  1  rough  Minister  Egan  his  famous  "  ultimatum,"  in  which  iie  de- 
clared that  imle.-s  the  offensive  parts  of  the  dispatch  of  December  11,  embracing 
Chili's  defense  of  her  attitude,  were  not  "  at  once  withdrawn  and  a  suitable  apology 
offered,"  he  would  have  no  other  cours:-  open  to  him  "  except  to  term  nUe  dip- 
lomatic relations  with  the  government  of  Chili."  Various  other  vague  threats 
were  conveyed  in  this  documant,  which  was  axbled  entire  to  Minister  E-an,  with 
instructions  to  "  furnish  to  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Atiairs  a  full  copy  of  this  note." 
Minister  Egan  did  not  deliver  the  ultimatum  at  the  foreign  office  in  Santiago  until 
the  2:-5d.  Answer  was  at  once  made  asking  for  two  days'  delay  in  replying — *'.  r., 
until  -Mo  iday — as  President  Montt  was  absent  in  the  mountains. 

President  Harrison  did  not  wait  even  for  the  Chilian  authorities  to  read  the 
ultiniatum.  He  at  once  s  t  to  work  upon  an  incendiary  m 'ssage  to  Congress,  to 
b  accompanied  by  such  correspond^n:;^  as  ha  saw  fit  to  make  public  at  the  time. 
The  message  has  been  well  describ?d  as  "  an  Indianapolis  brief  in  a  suit  for 
damages,  rather  than  a»  diplomatic  state  paper."  It  was  studiously  insulting  to  the 
Chilians  from  iii-st  to  hist.  It  insisted  that  the  attack  on  the  sailors' of  the 
Baltimore  was  :.n  expression  of  general  Chilian  hostiliiy  to  the  United  States,  in 
spite  of  t!ie  solemn  disavowals  of  the  Chilian  (Government.     It  treated  the  find- 


DIPLOMATIC    RELATIONS.  159 

ings  of  the  Chilian  courts  as  unworthy  of  credit,  and  the  assertions  of  the  Chilian 
officials  as  unworthy  of  belief.  It  declared  tlie  President's  conviction  that  the 
Chilian  Government  did  not  intend  to  take  any  steps  toward  making  prop  >r  re- 
paration for  the  assault  upon  the  sailors  and  the  insult  to  the  American  liag. 

This  message  was  s^'nt  to  Cor.gress  early  Monday  morning,  just  four  days  after 
tlie  ultimatum  had  b^en  dispatched  to  Minister  Egan.  It  was  read  in  both  Houses 
of  Congress  amid  absolute  silence,  and  was  followed  with  the  closest  attention  by 
Senators  and  Kepi'esentatives  and  by  thousands  of  citizens  who  crowded  the  gal- 
leries, to  learn  from  the  President's  own  w'ords  the  exact  measure  of  the  peril  to 
the  countrj-'s  peace.  When  the  reading  had  been  concluded,  both  Houses  ad- 
journed, in  order  to  give  time  for  pi'oper  consideration  of  the  matter  before  taking 
action  in  compliance  with  the  President's  recommendations.  In  the  hours  that 
followed,  leading  men  of  both  parties  expressed  their  willingness  to  stand  by  the 
President  in  any  measures  necessary  to  pre  erve  the  honor  of  the  nation.  The 
newspapers  througliout  the  country  the  next  morning  printed  the  President's 
message  in  full  and  copious  extracts  from  the  correspondence.  The  situation  was 
generally  believed  to  be  very  grave. 

Then  came  the  cra.«h.  It  became  known  that  before  noon  of  Monday  a  full  and 
ample  apology  hid  been  received  from  the  Chilian  Government,  including  an  offer 
^o  leave  the  question  of  repai-ation  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  and, 
in  addition,  the  shameful  fact  was  made  public  that  this  communication  had  been 
received  at  the  State  Department  even  before  the  President's  Message  was  read  in 
Congress.  A  semi-official  explanation  of  the  facts  in  connection  with  the  receipt 
of  the  apology  was  made  at  the  White  House,  and  was  to  the  eflect  that  the  mes- 
sage was  received  "too  late  to  have  a  tran.slation  made"befor-  the  convening  of 
Congress. 

But  these  statements  and  other  similnr  expla'.iations  subsequently  offered  de- 
ceived no  on-.  The  facts  stood  clearly  revealed.  In  general  public  estimation, 
the  Pr  sident's  action  in  deliberately  suggesting  to  Congress  the  making  war  on  a 
weak  antsgonist,  without  asking,  up  to  the  latest  moment,  whether  an  apology 
had  been  received,  constituted  a  fitting  close  to  a  controversy  carried  on  by  the 
Administration  in  such  a  manner  as  to  place  the  United  States  in  an  unenviable 
attitude  before  the  public  opinion  of  the  the  world. 

What  a  record  is  here  presented.  The  Government  of  the  United  States  attempt- 
ing to  defeat  the  efforts  of  the  people  of  a  sister  republic  to  overthrow  a  cruel 
despot,  recove  r  their  liberties  and  restore  their  government,  at  tlie  instigation  of  a 
minister,  whose  son  had  large  government  contracts  at  stake  and  a  consul  whose 
profits  on  exchange  were  dependent  upon  the  result. 

HAWAIIAN-    ISLANDS. 

The  record  of  the  Piepublican  administration  'n  its  relation  with  the  government 
of  Hawaii  was  still  more  reprehensible. 

The  facts  relative  to  our  dipl  nnatic  dealings  with  this  government  were  tersely 
and  clearly  stated  by  the  Hon.  'James  B.  McCreary  of  Kent  icky,  chairman  of  the 
Conmiittee  on  Foreign  Kelations,  in  a  speeeh  in  the  House  of  Representatives  on 
February  1,  18<U.     He  said: 

Saturday,  the  14th  of  January,  18!)3,  the  queen  of  the  Hawaiian  Islanls  an- 
nounced her  intention  to  proclaiiii  a  new  constitution,  as  King  Kamehameha  did 
in  186-t,  and  as  Kin^  Kalakua  did  in  1SS7  ;  but  on  the  same  day,  in  deference  to  the 
earnest  objectio!is  of  her  cabinet,  shj  abandon»^d  lier  purpose  "and  caused  a  printed 


160  DEMOCRATIC  CAMPAIGN   BOOK, 

proclamation  to  hd  issued  saying  she  had  abandoned  it,  and  declaring  that  the  new 
constitution  would  be  sought  only  according  to  the  methods  in  the  existing  consti- 
tution, and  her  minister  of  foreign  affairs  so  informed  Minister  Stevens,  in  writing, 
early  Monday  morning,  the  16th  of  January,  before  any  public  meeting  had  been 
held. 

******  * 

About  fifty  friends  of  annexation,  most'}'  foreigners,  used  this  rehnquished  pur- 
pose of  the  queen  as  a  pretext,  and  met  in  a  private  office  un  :>aturdayand  ap- 
pointed a  com  1  litter  of  safety,  consisting  of  thirteen  persons,  seven  of  whom  were 
aliens — four  being  Americans,  two  Englishmen,  and  one  German.  And  under  the 
management  of  this  committee  of  safety,  a  mass  meeting  of  citizens  was  held  on 
Monday,  the  16th  of  January,  which  simply  protested  against  the  queen's  illegal 
purpose  and  denounced  her  effort  to  proclaim  a  new  constitution,  without  saying 
anything  with  regard  to  the  establishment  of  a  provisional  government  and  the 
overthrow  of  the  exi-ting  government. 

At  the  same  time  this  meeting  was  being  held  another  meeting  was  in  session, 
which  was  largely  attended,  and  which  passed  resolutions  expressing  gratification 
as  to  the  queen's  conduct  in  abandoning  her  purpose  to  proclaim  a  new  constitution 
and  declaring  she  would  seek  a  new  constitution  only  according  to  the  methods 
prescribed  in  the  existing  instrument.  Immediately  after  the  public  meeting  held 
under  the  auspices  of  the  committee  of  safety  on  Monday  evening  had  adjourned, 
that  committee  held  a  meeting  and  resolved  that  "a  provisional  government  be 
created  to  exist  until  terms  of  union  with  the  United  States  had  been  negotiated 
and  agreed  upon,"  and  at  the  same  time  addressed  a  letter  to  Minister  Stevens,  in 
which  they  said:  "  We  are  unable  to  protect  ourselves  without  aid,  and  therefore 
pray  for  the  protection  of  the  United  States  fore  -s." 

*  *  *  ♦  *  *  ^ 

Mr.  Speaker,  after  the  letter  appealing  for  the  protection  of  the  United  States 
forces  was  sent  by  the  committee  of  safety  to  Minister  Stevens,  that  committee  be- 
came so  panic-stricken  because  of  thei  action  that  they  sent  thre-of  the  committee 
to  see  Minister  Stevens  and  requested  him  not  to  land  the  United  States  forces  until 
the  next  morning,  but  he  told  them  the  troops  had  been  ordered  to  land  and 
whether  the  committee  is  ready  or  not  they  shall  land  this  evening. 

******* 

It  appears  that  on  Monday,  the  16th  of  January,  1893,  between  4  and  5  o'clock  in 
the  aftemcon,  by  request  of'  Minister  Stevens,  when  the  peace  and  quiet  of  Hono- 
lulu ^vere  undisturbed,  and  no  riot  had  occurred,  nor  was  imminent,  and  the  peo- 
ple were  attending  to  their  usual  avocations,  and  the  lives  and  property  of  Ameri- 
cans were  not  threatened  nor  in  Jeopardy,  and  not  an  armed  man  was  seen  on  the 
streets,  the  commander  of  the  United  States  ship  Boston  landed  a  force  of  armed 
soldiers,  with  two  Gatling  guns,  and  stationed  the  main  body  of  his  soldiers  in  a 
hall  previously  secured  by  Minister  Stevens  across  the  street  and  only  76  yards  froi 
the  Government  buildings,  and  in  plain  view  of  the  Queen's  palace. 

A  British  war  ship  and  a  Japanese  war  ship  were  anchored  in  the  harbor  near 
Honolulu,  and  although  there  were  12,000  Japanese  and  1,300  English  people  on 
the  islands,  these  ships  did  not  land  a  soldier,  and  th  re  was  no  request  either  bj' 
the  Br'tish  minister  or  the  Japanese  minister  for  soldiers  to  be  landed. 

At  the  time  the  naval  force  was  used  by  Minister  Stevens  to  overthrow  the  con- 
stitutional government  of  a  friendly  power,  the  United  States  Congress  was  in  ses- 
sion, but  no  authority  to  use  force  was  asked  and  none  was  granted. 

******  * 

I  submit  also  at  this  point  the  evidence  of  Mr.  W.  F.  Wunderburg,  who  was 
offered  the  position  of  coUector-genereal  of  custonis  under  tlie  Provisional  Govern- 
iTient : 

The  committee  nf  safety  met  at  the  office  of  W.  0.  Smith  in  Fort  street,  Honu- 
lulu,  at  about  4  o'clock  iii  the  afternoon  of  Monday,  the  l(>th  day  of  January,  1893, 
for  the  purj  ose  of  discussing  the  necessary  steps  to  be  taken  in  forming  a  new  gov- 
ernment. 

Shortly  after  the  committee  met  it  was  decided  tliat  they  were  not  ready  for  the 
landing  of  the  American  troops,  and  a  committee  of  three,  with  Thurston  as  the 
chairman,  was  immediately  dispatched  to  the  American  legation  to  prevail  upon 


DIPLOMATIC    RELATIONS.  161 

Ir.  Stevens  to  delay  the  landing  of  the  Boston's  men.  The  committee  returned 
tiortly  and  reported  that  Mr.  Stevens  had  sai  I  to  them  :  "Gentlemen,  the  troops 
f  the  Jjostou  land  this  afternoon  at  5  o'clock,  whether  yon  are  ready  or  not." 
The  foregoing  rep  rt  of  IMr.  Stevens's  reply  to  the  committe  is  as  near  literal  as 
an  be  remeinbend,  and  gives  a  corr  ct  idea  of  the  meaning  conveyed.  The  coni- 
litt  'e  of  safety  adjourned  to  meet  the  same  evening,  at  7:oO  o'clnck,  at  the  house 
f  I  Iciiry  Waterhonse,  in  Nuuanu  Valley.  The  American  troops  landed  at  5  o'clock, 
s  ]\Ir.  Stevens  had  told  the  committee  "they  would,  and  marched  up  Fort  street  to 
lerchant,  and  along  Merchant  street,  halting  m  King  stivet,  between  the  palace 
nd  Government  building. 

At  the  time  the  men  landed  the  town  was  perfectly  quiet,  business  hours  were 
bout  over,  and  the  peopl. — men,  womim,  and  children — were  in  the  streets,  and 
othhig  unusual  was  to  be  seen  except  the  landing  of  a  formidable  armed  force  with 
ratling  guns,  evidently  fully  prepared  to  remain  on  shore  for  an  indefinite  length 
f  time,  as  the  men  were  supplied  with  double  cartridge  belts  filled  with  ammuni- 
ion  also  haversacks  and  canteens,  and  were  attended  by  a  hospital  corps  with 
tretchi'rs  and  medical  supplies.  The  curiosity  of  t  e  people  on  the  streets  was 
roused,  and  the  voungsters,  more  particularly,  followed  the  troops  to  see  what  it 
ras  all  about.  Nobody  seemed  to  know,  so  when  the  troops  found  quarters  the 
lopulace  dispersed,  the  most  of  them  going  to  the  band  concert  at  the  hotel,  which 
ras  very  fully  attended,  as  it  was  a  beautiful  moonlight  evening,  all  who  were  not 
n  the  secret  still  wondering  at  the  military  demonstration, 

Mr.  Speaker,  the  n^xt  act  in  the  annexation  scheme  was  easily  and  quickly 
•resented.  The  United  States  soldiers  being  favorably  stationed,  on  the  next 
[ay,  Tuesday,  the  17th  day  of  January,  the  committee  of  safety  selected  ten 
if  their  number  to  attendto  the  business.  They,  by  diflferent  routes,  between 
.  and  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  proceeded  to  the  government  building,  which 
vas  unoccupied,  to  proclaim  the  new  government ;  and  an  American  citi- 
en,  who  had  only  been  in  Honolulu  nine  months, read  the  proclamation  from 
he  steps  of  the  government  building,  almost  without  hearers;  but  the  United 
States  marines,  with  rifles  and  artillery,  were  only  76  yards  away.  Within  an 
lOur  after  the  proclamation  was  read  United  States  IMinister  Stevens  recognized  the 
Provisional  Government,  although  the  barracks  and  the  police  station  were  still  in 
)ossession  of  the  Queen's  forces. 

The  Queen,  on  being  informed  by  one  of  the  leaders  and  by  members  of  her  cabi- 
let  of  what  had  been  done  in  the  presence  of  United  States  soldiers,  yielded  to  the 
luperior  forces,  and  sent  her  protest  to  the  Provisional  Government  and  appealed 
o  the  United  States  Government  for  justice,  as  follows: 

"  I,  Liliuokalani,  by  the  grace  of  God  and  under  the  Constitution  of  the  Hawaii 
m   Kingdom,  Queen,  do  hereby  solemnly  protest  against  any  and  all  acts  done 
igainst  myself  and  the  constitutional  Government  of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom  by 
;ertain  persons  claiming  to  have  estabUshed  a  Provisional  Government  of  and  for 
.his  kingdom. 

"  That  I  yield  to  the  superior  force  of  the  United  States  of  America,  whose  min- 
ster plenipotentiary.  His  Excellency  John  L.  Stevens,  has  caused  United  States 
iroops  to  be  landed  at  Honolulu  and  declared  that  he  would  support  the  said  Pro- 
visional Government. 

"  Now,  to  avoid  any  collision  of  armed  forces  and  perhaps  the  loss  of  life,  I  do 
mder  this  protest,  and  impelled  by  said  force,  yield  my  authority  until  such  time 
IS  th  '  (iovernment  of  the  United  States  shall,  upon  the  facts  being  presented  to  it, 
ando  the  action  of  its  representatives  and  reinstate  me  in  the  authority  which  I 
;lahn  as  the  constitutional  sovereign  of  the  Hawaiian  Island^. 

"Done  at  Honolulu  this  17th  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1S93. 

"LILRJOKALANI,  R. 

"SAMUEL  PARKER, 

'*Minif!tn-   of  Foreign   Affairs. 

"WM.  H.  CORN  WELL, 

"  AMinistt'r  of  Finance. 
"JNO.  F.  COLBURN, 

"Minister  of  the  Interior. 
"A,  P.  PETERSON, 

* '  Attorney-General. ' ' 


162  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

A  protectorate  was  declared  by  ^Minister  Stevens  of  the  islands  in  the  name  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  flag  of  the  United  States  was  hoisted  over  the  Gov'ernment 
building,  and  in  two  days  after  the  Provisional  Government  was  declared,  annexa- 
tion commissioners  sailed  from  Honolulu  to  Washington. 

If  there  was  ever  a  transaction  that  in  all  its  attending  circumstances  was  sn>i)i- 
cious,  illegal,  and  indicative  of  intrigue  it  was  this  annexation  scheme.  If  thi  re 
was  ever  a  just  and  proper  executive  act  it  was  the  withdrawal  from  the  Senate  <  if 
the  proposed  annexation  treaty  by  President  Cl'?veland  for  further  examination  and 
consideration. 

*  *  -s-  *  *  *  -li- 

lt has  never  been  the  practice  of  our  Government  to  recognize  revolutionary  gov- 
ernnu-nts  until  they  were  supported  by  the  people.  For  illustration  of  this  practice, 
I  need  only  refer  to  two  recent  cases.  When  the  revolution  in  Brazil  occurr  d  in 
1889,  our  Minister  was  instructed  to  recognize  the  Republic,  "so  soon  as  a  majority 
of  the  people  of  Brazil  should  h  ive  signitied  their  assent  to  its  establishment  and 
maintenance;"  and  dimng  the  revolution  in  Chili  in  1891,  our  Minister  was  di- 
rected to  "recognize  the  new  government  if  it  w'as  accepted  by  the  people."  Even 
in  hurope,  when  it  was  proposed  that  the  provinces  of  Savoy  and  Nice,  which  had 
for  years  belonged  to  the  Italian  Kingdom,  should  be  ceded  to  France,  it  was  ex- 
pressly provided  that  the  assent  of  the  people  should  be  obtained  before  annexation 
to  France  should  occur,  and  under  a  piebescite  a  very  full  vote  was  polled,  and  a 
very  larg.- majority  of  the  electors  voted  in  each  of  the  two  proraic  8  for  annex- 
ation, before  it  was  consummated. 

When  the  constitutional  government  of  Hawaiia  was  overthrowTi  the  citizens  of 
Honolulu  did  not  know  what  was  transpiring,  and  the  thousands  of  pexjple  who  in- 
habit the  othtr  islands  did  not  hear  what  had  occurred  until  several  daj'S  afterward; 
and  it  is  known  beyond  doubt  that  a  very  large  majority  of  the  people  of  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands,  having  the  right  to  vote  under  the  constitution  of  1887,  never  av- 
ored  and  do  not  now  favor  the  Provisional  Government  or  the  proposed  annexation 
ot  the  United  States,  nor  to  any  other  country. 

This  extraordinary  summary  makes  conspicuous  not  a  revolution,  but  a  conspir- 
acy. There  was  no  evidence  of  a  wide-spread  discontent  or  dissatisfaction  with  the 
existing  government,  and  there  was  no  popular  uprising  against  the  head  of  the 
government.  The  people  did  not  .seem  to  be  in  the  movement,  and  the  public 
meeting  which  was  held  on  the  16th  of  January  was  not  to  declare  in  favor  of  the 
provisional  gov  rnment,  but  to  oppose  the  promulgation  of  the  new  constitution. 
In  its  mception,  progress,  and  consummatioii  the  entire  affair  seems  to  have  been  a 
conspiracy  dn  the  part  of  a  few  for,  igners,  against  the  people  as  well  as  the  govern- 
ment of  Hawaii,  and  in  their  work  they  wei-e  aided  and  supported  by  the  American 
Minister  and  the  naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  their  object  being  to  get  posses- 
sion of  tlie  government,  and  to  annex  the  islands  to  the  United  States. 

The  conduct  of  Minister  Stevens  shows  con.^picuously  that  nearly  one  year  before 
the  eventful  period  when  he  hoisted  the  flag  of  the  United  States  at  Honolulu  and 
proclaimed  a  i^rotectorate,  he  was  studying  annexation  quite  as  closely  as  he  was 
diplomatic  duty.  As  far  back  as  the  8th  day  of  March,  1892,  in  a  letter  addressed 
to  the  Secretary  of  State,  after  referring  to  the  possibility  that  the  existing  Govern- 
ment of  HaAvaii  might  be  overturned  by  an  orderly  and  peaceful  revolution,  he 
said  :  "I  desire  to  know  how  far  the  present  Mini.ster  and  naval  commander  may 
deviate  from  established  ii  ternational  rules  and  precedents  in  the  contingency  indi- 
cated in  the  flr,-t  part  of  this  dispatch." 

On  the  19th  day  of  November,  1892,  about  tw'o  months  before  the  movement 
looking  to  the  subversion  of  the  Hawaiian  Government  was  made,  and  annexation 
to  the  United  States  attempted,  in  a  long  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  State  he  refers  to 
the  loss  of  the  owners  of  sugar  plantations  and  mills  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  aitd 
the  depreciation  of  other  property  caused  by  the  passage  of  the  McICinley  bill,  and 
declared  as  follows : 

"Unless  some  positive  measure  of  relief  be  granted,  the  depreciation  of 'sugar 
property  here  will  continue  to  go  on.  Wise,  bold  action  of  the  United  State's  will 
rescue  the  property  holders  from  great  loss.  *  *  *  One  of  two  courses  seems 
absolutely  necessary  to  be  followed :  Either  bold  and  vigorous  measures  for  annex- 
ation, or  a  'customs  union  '  and  an  ocean  cable  from  the  California  coast  to  Hono- 


DIPLOMATIC    RELATIONS.  163 

* 

lulu  ( ir  Pearl  Ilai-bor,  properly  ceded  to  the  United  States,  with  an  implied  but  not 
nece.ssarih-  stipulated  American  protectorate  over  the  islands." 

He  reached  his  climax  on  the  1st  day  of  February,  IS!):;,  when  he  wrote  to  tho 
State  Department : 

"  The  Hawaiian  pear  is  now  tully  ripe,  and  this  is  the  golden  hour  for  the  United 
States  to  pluck  it." 

Wlien  Mr.  Cleveland  assumed  for  the  second  time  his  high  office,  he  at  once  with- 
drew the  proposed  treaty  of  annexation  and  dispatched  an  able  and  trusted  agent 
to  Hawaii  to  ascertain  and  report  the  true  history  of  the  affair.  Commissioner 
Blount  was  not  slow  in  discovering  the  conspiracy  by  which  the  government  of  the 
Queen  had  been  overthrown  and  the  treacherous  part  taken  by  Minister  Stevens- 
He  ordered  down  the  American  flag,  under  the  protection  of  which  the  conspirators 
were  masquerading.  Our  national  emblem  does  not  stand  for  piracy,  but  for  right 
and  justice,  and  the  act  of  Connnissioner  Bio mt  in  ordering  it  down  when  it  had 
been  raised  for  the  first  time  in  support  of  a  conspiracy  against  a  friendly  but  help- 
less power,  was  not  only  an  act  of  patriotism  but  a^i  example  to  the  people  of  the 
civilized  nations  of  the  world  of  the  greatness  and  grandeur  of  our  republican  insti- 
tutions. 

No  more  patriotic  message  was  ever  sent  to  Congress  than  that  which  President 
Cleveland,  delivered  when  informing  the  two  Houses  of  his  action  and  the  motives 
which  influenced  the  same.     He  said  : 

"  By  an  act  of  war,  coinmitted  with  the  participation  of  a  diplomatic  representa- 
tive of  the  United  States  and  without  authority  of  Congress,  the  Government  of  a 
feeble  but  friendly  and  coufiding  people  ha^  been  overthrown.  A  substantial  wrong 
has  thus  been  done  which  a  due  regard  for  our  national  character  as  well. as  the 
rights  of  the  injured  people  requires  we  should  endeavor  to  repair.  The  provis- 
ional government  has  not  ass  imed  a  republican  or  other  constitutional  form,  but 
has  remained  a  mere  executive  council  or  oligarchy,  set  up  without  the  assent  of  the 
people.  It  has  not  sought  to  find  a  permanent  basis  of  popular  support  and  has 
given  no  evidence  of  an  intention  to  do  so.  Indeed,  the  representatives  of  that 
government  asseit  that  the  people  of  Hawaii  are  unfit  for  popular  government  and 
frankly  avow  that  they  can  be  best  ruled  by  arbitrary  or  despotic  power. 

"The  law  of  nations  is  founded  upon  reason  and  justice,  and  the  rules  of  conduct 
governing  individual  relations  between  citizens  or  subjects  of  a  civilized  state  are 
equally  applicable  as  between  enlightened  nations.  The  considerations  that  inter- 
national law  is  without  a  court  for  its  enforcement,  and  that  obedience  to  its  com- 
mands practically  depends  upon  good  faith,  instead  of  upon  the  mandate  of  a  supe- 
rior tribunal,  only  give  additional  sanction  to  the  law  itself  and  brand  any  deliber- 
ate infraction  of  it  not  merely  as  a  wrong  but  as  a  disgrace.  A  man  of  true  honor 
protects  the  imwritten  word  wliich  binds  his  conscience  more  scrupulously,  if  pos- 
sible, than  he  d.jcs  the  bond  a  breach  of  which  subjects  him  to  legal  liabilities  ;  and 
the  United  States,  in  aiming  to  maintain  itself  as  one  of  the  most  enlightened  of 
nations,  would  do  its  citizens  gross  injustice  if  it  applied  to  its  international  rela- 
tions any  other  than  a  high  standard  of  honor  and  morality,  on  tluit  giound  tlie 
United  States  can  not  properly  be  put  in  the  position  of  countenancing  a  wrong 
after  its  commission  any  more  than  in  that  of  consenting  to  it  in  advance.  On  that 
grouiad  it  can  not  allow  itself  to  refuse  to  redress  an  injury  inflicted  through  an 
abuse  of  power  by  officers  clothed  with  its  authority  and  wearing  its  uniform  ;  and 
on  the  same  ground,  if  a  feeble  but  friendly  state  is  in  danger  of  being  robbed  of 
its  independence  and  its  sovereignty  by  a  misuse  of  the  name  and  power  of  the 


164  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

United  States,  the  United  States  can  not  fail  to  vindicate  its  honor  and  its  sens?  of 
justice  by  an  earnest  efibrt  to  make  all  possible  reparation. 

"These  principles  apply  to  the  present  case  with  irresistible  force  when  the  spe- 
cial conditions  of  the  Queen's  surrender  of  her  sovereignty  are  recalled.  She  sur- 
rendered not  to  the  provisional  government,  but  to  the  United  States.  She  surren- 
dered not  absolutely  and  permanently,  but  temporarily  and  condition  dly,  until 
such  time  as  the  facts  could  be  considered  by  the  United  States.  Furthermore,  the 
provisional  government  acquiesced  in  her  surrender  in  that  manner  and  on  those 
terms,  not  only  by  tacit  consent,  but  through  the  positive  acts  of  some  members  of 
that  government  who  urged  her  peaceable  submission,  not  merely  to  avoid  blood- 
shed, but  because  she  could  place  implicit  reUance  upon  the  justice  of  the  United- 
States,  and  that  the  whole  subject  would  be  finally  considered  at  Washington." 

Contrast  the  uses  to  which  our  naval  forces  were  put  by  Mr.  Harrison's  Adminis- 
tration and  the  policy  which  has  been  pursued  since  Mr.  Cleveland  was  returned 
to  power.  During  Mr.  Harrison's  they  were  pledged  to  defend  and  uphold  the 
throne  of  a  half  savage  King  in  a  far  off  island  ;  they  were  used  to  bolster  up  the 
waning  cause  of  a  Dictator,  over  a  free  people  ;  and  to  overthrow  a  weak  and  de- 
fenseless government  and  set  up  an  oligarchy  in  its  stead. 

Under  the  latter,  in  the  harbors  of  Brazil,  they  were  used  to  protect  the  commerce 
of  the  United  States  from  interference  and  to  preserve  to  the  tradesmen  of  the  civil- 
ized world  the  right  to  secure  food  and  drink  without  molestation  or  harm  Never 
was  such  homage  paid  to  the  Stars  and  Stripes  as  when  the  tradespeople  of  all  nations 
sought  its  shelter  and  welcomed,  with  joy,  its  approach,  when  those  of  their  own 
Government  were  within  hailing  distance  and  easy  reach.  At  this  time  and  in 
this  work  it  ceased  to  be  the  flag  of  a  nation  aud  became,  what  it  really  is,  the 
emblem  of  civilization  and  humanity. 


INDIAN   SCHOOLS.  165 

INDIAN  SCHOOLS. 

Appropriations  for  Same  not  Sectarian. 


The  efforts  of  the  RepubUcan  party  to  rekindle  the  fires  of  religious  fanaticism 
and  make  poUtical  capital  out  of  the  appropriations  for  the  education  of  the  Indian 
children  at  private  schools  upon  reservations  where  no  Government  schools  have  been 
established,  merits,  and  should  receive,  the  rebuke  of  all  fair  minded  citizens.  A 
more  praiseworthy  work  was  never  nndertakt  n.  The  Republican  party  in  the 
Fifty-first  Congi'ess  made  the  same  appropriations  for  which  thej'  now  seek  to  pre- 
judice certain  elements  against  the  Democratic  party.  The  same  appropriations 
were  made  in  the  Fifty-second  Congi-ess,  not  only  without  the  opposition  of  Republi- 
cans, but  with  their  hearty  approval.  In  jfact,  no  one  ever  thought  of  raising  any 
opposition  to  the  appropriations  for  contract  schools  until  it  was  thought  that  some 
political  capital  might  be  made  out  of  it.  The  reappearance  of  that  religious  intol- 
erance and  fanaticism  which  rises  like  a  ghost  every  few  years  to  haiuit  the  fears 
of  a  few  narrow  and  weak-minded  persons,  w'as  seized  by  the  Republican  members 
of  Congress  as  a  favorable  time  to  blow  their  demagogical  hoi'ns,  in  the  hopes  of 
capturing  a  few  votes.  The  effort  to  induce  the  people  to  believe  that  Congress 
made  large  appropriations  for  the  support  of  sectarian  schools  is  a  deliberate  'alse- 
hood.  Not  a  single  appropriation  has  ever  been  made  to  any  sectarian  instittition. 
The  items  which  it  is  sought  to  torture  into  such  appropriations  were  simply  appro- 
priations of  certain  stims  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Indian  Affairs  to  contract  wii  h  certain  private  individuals  for  the  yearly 
schoohng  of  a  certain  number  of  Indian  children. 

The  following  is  the  form  of  all  the  appropriations  complained  of : 

"  For  education  and  support  of  one  hundred  Chippewa  boys  and  girls  at  Saint 
John's  University  and  at  Saint  Benedict's  Academy,  in  Stearns  County,  State  of 
Minnesota,  at  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  each  per  annum,  and  for  the  iducation 
and  support  of  one  hundred  Indian  pupils  at  St.  Paul's  Industrial  School  at  Clon- 
tarf,  in  the  State  of  Minnesota,  thirty  thott-an  1  dollars." 

The  Indians  are  the  wards  of  the  Nation,  and  the  policy  of  educating  tlieir  chil- 
dren so  that  they  may  be  prepared  for  citizenship,  which  they  soon  must  inevit- 
ably assume,  is  not  only  wise  but  shotild  b*3  highly  commended.  The  policy  of 
taking  the  Indian  children  away  from  their  homes  in  the  far  West  and  sending 
them  to  the  East  has  not  proven  humane  or  beneficial.  The  e.stablishment  of 
schools  at  or  near  the  reserva  ions  was  much  to  be  preferred  because  it  puts  an 
end  to  the  fraudulent  practices  that  were  indulged  in  by  the  agents  of  Eastern 
schools  in  getting  possession  of  the  children,  a  d  bLK-ause  of  the  civilizing  infiuence 
upon  the  parents. 

Mr.  Holman  touchingly  liictured  the  cruel  practice  of  tearing  the  Indian  children 
from  their  parents  and  the  benefits  that  would  accrue  by  patronizing  the  schools 
that  were  nearest  to  their  homes.     He  said  : 


166  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

"My  friend  from  Pennsylvania  [Mr.  Mahon]  says  there  has  been  no  om- 
plaint  of  late  years  about  children  being  taken  away  from  the  Indian  reserva- 
tion and  sent  to  remote  schools  in  the  East.  Tlie  .gentleman  labors  mider  a  mis- 
apprehension. If  there  is  anything  tliat  creates  dissatisfaction  and  wretchedness 
on  your  Indian  reservations,  it  is  this  snatching  away  of  the  Indian  children  from 
their  homes  and  their  parents.  You  hear  that  complaint  all  along  the  line  in  the 
Indian  reservations.     The  Indian  is  devoted  to  his  children. 

"Parental  affection  is  a  universal  instinct,  and  a  strong  one  among  the  Indian 
tribes.  I  was  told  a  few  years  ago  by  a  Mennonite  teacher  (the  Mennonites  are 
great  missionaries  and  eager  to  benefit  mankind)  that  he  had  been  sent  out  by  his 
people,  living  in  Kansas,  to  establish  a  school  at  an  old  abandoned  fort  called  Can- 
tonment, in  the  old  Indian  territory,  and  he  had  gathered  around  him  quite  a  large 
number  of  children  of  the  Arapihoes  and  Cheyennes,  neither  of  which  tribes,  as 
gentlemen  know,  are  very  highly  civilized  yet. 

"  He  told  me  there  never  was  a  day  that  he  could  not  look  up  at  the  windows  of 
his  school  room  without  seeing  some  mother  or  father  or  some  other  relative  of  the 
children  looking  in  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  that  their  children  were  safe.  And 
wh-n  I  was  at  Rosebud,  S.  Dak.,  an  old  lady  came,  as  the  agent,  3Ir.  Wright,  told 
me,  a  distance  of  90  miles,  footsore  and  weary,  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  her  little 
girl.  He  told  me  that  she  made  this  weary  journey  twice  a  year  for  this  purpose  of 
seeing  her  little  girl  at  the  school  at  Rosebud. 

"This  old  lady  came  to  the  door  of  the  school  room,  and  her  little  girl  came  out  to 
her.  They  went  out  upon  the  prairie  and  sat  down.  They  did  not  seem  to  t  Ik 
much  to  each  other;  but  after  they  had  sat  there  together  for  half  an  hour  the  child 
returned  to  the  school  room  and  the  old  mother  got  up  and  started  homewa:  d  on 
her  weary  journey.  Now,  gentleman,  consider  the  agony  of  the  old  mother  if  her 
little  girl  was  taken  away  by  the  agent  of  some  Eastern  institution  in  the  name  of 
philanthropy,  when  the  little  one  would  even,  if  in  after  years  she  returned  to  her, 
be  lost  to  her.  Is  there  any  philanthropy  in  this?  [Applause.]  I  venture  to  say 
tiiat  no  well-authenticited  case  c m  be  found  throughout  all  your  Eastern  Indian 
school  system  where  any  Indian  father  or  mother  has  voluntarily  surrendered  a 
child.  In  the  name  of  common  humanity  let  the  Indian  children  be  educated 
among  their  people,  elevating  at  once  the  whole  tribe." 

It  was  this  feeling  of  humanity  that  prompted  many  charitably -dispo-ed  persona 
to  found  schools  near  the  homes  of  the  Indians.  The  Government,  instead  of  build- 
ing houses  and  employing  teachers  at  all  points,  simply  availed  itself  of  schools  es- 
tablished by  individuals  and  paid  to  the  proprietors  of  the  same  an  amount  much 
less  than  it  would  have  cost  to  have  established  Government  schools. 

It  is  no  more  an  appropriation  for  the  maintenance  of  a  sectiirian  school  than  if  a 
parent  should  send  his  child  to  a  Presbyterian,  to  a  Baptist,  or  to  a  Catholic  school 
and  pay  the  regular  tuition,  &c.,  therefor. 

It  may  be  asked  why  the  Government  does  not  build  school  houses,  employ 
teachers  and  conduct  its  own  schools,  instead  of  patronizing  private  ones.  The 
answer  is  very  simple  ;  it  would  not  be  wise  or  economical  to  do  so.  These  schools 
at  no  distant  day  must  all  give  way  bef  ire  the  advancing  column  of  civilization  and 
settlements,  and  it  is  best  that  the  Government  should  not,  by  an  extr  ivagant  ex- 
penditure of  money,  prepare  permanently  for  a  thing  which  in  its  :.ature  will  only 
be\empoi-ary. 

The  fraud  that  is  attempted  to  be  pmcticed  upon  the  voters  of  the  country  by 


INDIAN    SCHOOLS. 


167 


publishing  what,  it  is  pretended,  was  a  vote  for  and  against  the  appropriations  for 
the  support  of  sectarian  institutions,  is  a  shameful  and  barefaced  one.  We  have 
shown  that  no  such  appropriations  were  incorporated  in  the  bill,  but  even  if  it 
should  be  claimed  tint  the  appropriation  of  money  to  enable  the  officials  of  the 
depart:nent,  to  patronize  such  institutions  was  such,  still  the  vote  published  had  no 
connection  whatever  with  such  appropriations,  but  was  upon  a  motion  to  lay  an 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Chair,  upon  a  question  of  order,  upon  the  tabk. 

Mr.  Gearv  of  Iowa,  after  the  bill  had  been  reported  by  the  Committee  of  the 
Whole  House,  moved  to  recommit  the  sams  with  the  following  instructions: 

Resolvetl  Tliat  the  bill  (H.  R.  G913)  "making  appropriations  for  current  and 
conthS  expenses  of  the  Indian  Department  and  f  ulfiUing  treaty  stipulations  with 
vaS  Indian  tribes  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1895,  and  or  other  pur- 
poses ''  b  reeommitteLl  to  the  Committee  on  Indian  Afla  rs  with  instructions  to 
report  the  same  back  to  the  House  forthwith,  amended  as  follovvs:  _  .,,    r   ^  « 

Striking  out  all  of  the.bill  relating  to  the  Man  school    begmimigw^^^^ 
on  page  .^0,  and  all  of  pages  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  and  58,  and  inserting  in  heu 

^^'Fofsupporto^^^^^^^^  schools,  and  the  erection 

and  rep  iir  of  Government  school  buildings  on  Indian  reservations  and  at  places 
where  the  Government  has  established  and  is  now  maintaining  Government  In- 
dian schools,  and  for  each  and  every  purpose  necessary  m  the  ]udgmeiit  of  the  bec- 
retary  of  the  Interior  for  the  establishment  and  proper  conduct  of  such  schools 
$2  225  000  :  Provided,  That  pending  the  establishment  of  such  schools  on  Indian 
reservations,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  m.iy  in  his  discretion,  during  tbe  fiscal 
year  1895,  authorize  contracts  to  be  made  with  established  schools  not  conducted 
by  the  Government,  for  the  education  and  support  of  Indian  p  ipils  and  to  pay^ 
therefor  from  this  appropriation;  and  the  Secretary  of  the  I"  ^rior  shall  report  t^^^ 
the  first,  regular  session  of  the  Fifty-fourth  Con-ress,  in  deta  1  a  expenditures 
made  and  authorized  by  him  under  this  appropriation  :  Promded further,  Thatnoth- 
hig  herein  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  the  sending  of  Indian  children  at  no  ex- 
pense to  the  United  States,  to  schools  not  Conducted  by  the  Government. 

Mr.  O'Neil  of  Massachusetts  made  a  point  of  order  against  the  proposed  instruc- 
tions.    The  following  proceedings  then  took  place: 

Mr  O'Neil  of  INIassachusetts.  I  make  the  point  of  order,  Mr.  Speaker,  that  this 
amendment  is  out  of  order  for  the  reason  that  such  an  '^™  '^dment  is  new  le^sl^^^ 
tion,  and  would  therefore  not  be  in  order  as  an  amendment  to  the  bill  vvhde  being 
coiSilered  in  Co  umittee  of  tiie  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the  Union.  That 
Sg  so  according  to  the  uniform  rulings  of  this  House,  a  mrjt.on  to  recominit 
with  instructions  to  report  a  certain  amendment,  is  not  in  order  if  the  Propo^ed 
amendment  would  not  be  in  order  as  an  amendment  to  the  bill,  ihat  has  D^en 
held  uniformlv  by  Speaker  Carlisle  and  other  Speakers. 

The  Speaker.     There  is  no  question  of  that.  ,  i       ..  i.,    ;„ 

Mr.  Burrows.     If  it  was  not  in  order  in  committee,  of  course  it  would  not  be  in 

'''Mr  "o' Neil  of  Massachusetts.     I  make  the  point  that  it  is  new  legislation  and 
not  in  order  ;  that  it  changes  existing  law  and  does  not  retrench  expenditures. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

The  Speaker.  It  seems  to  the  Chair  that  this  is  new  legislation  on  the  subject  of 
Indian  schools.  Does  the  gentleman  know  of  any  ],rovision  by  which  such  legis- 
lation may  go  on  an  appropriation  bill  except  wlien  it  reduces  expenditures  .'' 

Mr.  Cannr»n  of  Illinois.     Wherein  does  it  legislate  ? 

The  Speaker.     It  pro .  ides . 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.     It  appropriates. 

FOTt^S^SUrtot^TOwnmcnt  Indian  day  and  industrial  schools  and  the  erec- 
tion and  repair  of  Government  school  buildings  on  Indian  reservations  and  at  places 
where  the  Governm^^nt  has  established  and  is  now  maintaining  (government  Indian 


168  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN  BOOK. 

schools,  and  for  each  and  every  purpose  necessary,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  for  the  establistiment  and  proper  conduct  of  such  schools, 
$2,250,000. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.     Then  I  just  want  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Chair 

The  Speaker.     And  then  it  says  : 

That  pending  the  establishment  of  such  schools  on  Indian  reservations  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  may,  in  his  discretion,  during  the  fiscal  year  1895,  authorize 
contract  to  be  made  with  established  schools. 

That  authorizes  him  to  make  temporary  contracts  for  the  establishment  of 
.schools. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.  Yes,  sir.  May  I  call  the  attention  of  the  Chair  to  one 
thing,  because  I  think  the  Chair  has  not  examined  it  or  the  bill  itself.  This 
resolution  provides  for  all  the  Government  schools  that  the  bill  prov  des  for  and  for 
a  part  of  the  contract  schools  temporarily  that  the  bill  provides  for,  the  Chair  will 
find;  and  if  there  is  legislation  in  one  there  is  legislation  in  the  other.  And  the 
Chair  will  find,  further,  that  there  is  only  appropriation  in  either. 

Mr.  Burrows.     These  contract  schools  ai'e  already  provided  for  by  law. 

The  Speaker.  These  are  contract  schools;  but  this  proposes  to  give  i)ermission 
to  make  contracts  from  other  schools. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.  Ah,  but  this  provides  for  contract  schools  in  any  degree 
if  no  Governmeut  schoi  il  be  near. 

The  Speaker.     Then  you  propose  legislation  to  go  beyond  this  appropriation? 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.     Oh,  no. 

The  Speaker.     It  must  be  one  or  the  other. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.  We  do  not  legislate  at  all  in  that  resolution  within  the 
meaning  of  Rule  XXI.  We  only  provide  in  that  instruction  for  the  expenditure  of 
the  money  appropriated  here  for  the  coming  fiscal  year,  nothing  more  or  less,  and 
no  broader  in  that  respect  than  the  bill  itself. 

The  Speaker.  As  the  Chair  understands  it,  under  the  present  law,  under  provi- 
sions contained  in  appropriation  bills,  the  Government  is  engaged  in  supporting  the 
education  of  Indians  by  contracts  with  existing  schools. 

Mr.  Cannon  uf  Illinois.  And  by  Government  schv)ols  and  contract  boarding 
schools. 

The  Speaker.  Does  the  proposition  contemplate  abandoning  the  making  of  con- 
tracts. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.  So  far  as  this  particular  affair  provided  for  in  the  reso- 
lution is  concerned,  I  will  say  to  the  Chair  no,  because  then  it  provides  an  appro- 
priation of  money  for  Government  schools,  and  provides  that  while  school  houses 
are  being  built  that  the  Secretaiy  of  the  Interior  may  contract  for  the  education  of 
the  children  with  established  schools  not  owned  by  the  Government.  Even  if  the 
permanent  law  did  provide  for  contract  schools  it  is  in  the  discretion  of  Congress, 
in  whole  or  In  part,  to  withhold  apprnpriations,  although  the  aw  might  be  an  inch 
thick.  But  this  resoluion  does  utilize  for  the  coming  fiscal  year  a  portion  of  this 
money  for  contract  schools.  But  suppose  it  did  not  utilize  any  of  it,  it  would 
merely  be  a  failure  to  appropriate  for  an  object  that  the  Government  has  heretofore 
appropriated  for. 

The  Speaker.  The  Chair  thinks  so.  The  Chair  thinks  that  the  scope  and  intent 
of  this  is  to  get  away  from  the  contract  schools  and  establish  schools  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. Therefore  the  Chair  holds  that  it  would  not  be  in  order  as  an  amend- 
ment, and  not  being  in  order  as  an  amendment,  it  is  not  in  ■  rder  by  way  of  indirec- 
tion, b  cause  that  which  cannot  be  done  direcfly  cannot  be  done   indirectly. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  Illinois.     I  respectfully  api)eal"  from  the  decision  of  the  Chair. 

The  Speaker.  The  questioji  is,  Shall'the  decision  of  the  Chair  stand  as  the  judg- 
ment of  the  House  ? 

Mr.  Springer.     I  move  to  lay  the  appeal  on  the  table. 

Mr.  Burrows.  The  gentleman  has  moved  that  the  appeal  be  laid  on  the  table, 
and  of  course  that  is  not  debatable. 

The  Speaker.  It  is  not  debatable.  The  previous  question  has  been  ordered,  and 
all  collateral  questions  nmst  be  decided  without  debate  after  the  previous  question 
isorderetl. 

The  Speaker.     The  question  is  on  laying  the  appeal  on  the  table. 


INDIAN   SCHOOLS.  ^  169 

The  House  divided;  and  there  were— ayes  171,  noes  35. 

Mr.  Cannon  of  lUinois.     I  ask  for  the  yeas  and  nays. 

The  question  was  taken  on  ordering  the  yeas  and  nays,  and  3o  members  voted  in 
favor  thereof;  not  a  sufficient  number. 

j\Ir  Burrows      I  ask  tor  tellers  on  ordenng  the  yeas  and  nays. 

Tellers  were  ordered,  40  members  voting  therefor;  and  the  Speaker  appouited 
Mr.  Cannon  of  ILinois  and  Mr.  Holman.  . 

The  tellers  reported— ayes  47,  a  sufficient  number;  so  the  yeas  and  nays  were 

^  The^Speaker  appointed  to  act  as  tellers  at  the  desk  Mr.  Houk  and  Mr  Holman. 

The  question  was  taken;  and  there  were— yeas  158,  nays  58,  answered     present 
1,  not  voting  135  ;  as  follows :  ,         ,        ,  -,     -r,  .,         -r>  i       t^ 

Ye\s  158— Abbot,  Alexander,  Allen,  Apsley,  Arnold,  Bailey,  Baker  Kans., 
Bankhe'ad,  Barwig,  Bell  Colo.,  Bell  Tex.,  Berry,  Black  Ga.,  Black  111  Branch, 
Bretz  Broderick,  Brookshire,  Bryan,  Bimn,  Bynum,  Cabaniss,  Campbel,  Cannon 
Cal  Capehart,  Catching-,  Causey,  Childs,  Clarke  I\Io.,  Clarke  Ala  Cobb  Ala., 
Cobb  AIo  ,  Cockrell,  Cotteen,  Cogswell  Conn,  Coombs,  Cooper  Fla.,  Cooper  Ind., 
C>operTex  Cox,  Craiu,  Crawford,  Davis,  DeAimond,  DeForest,  Denson,  Dins- 
more  Docke'rv,  Donovan,  Draper,  Dunn,  Dunphy,  Durborrow,  Edmunds,  English 
Cal  '  Enloe  "Epes,  Everett,  Fithian,  Forman,  Fyan,  Geary,  Goldzier,  Gorman, 
Gradv  Graham,  Griffin,  Hall  Minn.,  Hall -Mo..  Hammo  d.  Hare,  Hai;ris,  Harter, 
Heard  Henderson  X.  C,  Hermann,  Holman,  Hooker  Miss.,  Hunter,  Hutcheson, 
Iki'rt  'izlar  Kem  Kyle,  Lane,  Lapham,  Latimer,  Lawson,  Layton,  Lester, 
Liviii'^^ton  'Lvnch,  Maddox,  Martin  Ind.,  McCulloch,  McDannold,  McDearmon, 
McEtTrick '  I^IcGann,  ]\IcKaig,  McKeighan,  McLaurin,  McMillm,  McRae,  Meyer, 
Money,  Montgomerv,  Morgan,  Neil,  Gates,  Ogden,  Outhwaite,  Page.  Patterson, 
Pearsbn,  Pendleton  Te^:.,  Pendleton  AY.  Ya.,  Pickler,  Pigott,  Price,  Reiily, 
Richanls  Ohio,  Richardson  Mich.,  Richardson  Tenn.,  Ritchie,  Robbms,  Russell 
Ga  Ryan,  Savers,  Shell,  Sibley,  Snodgrass,  Somers,  Sperry,  Springer,  Stalhngs, 
Stevens,  Stockdale,  Strait,  Straus,  Swanson,  Talbert  S.  C,  Tarsney,  Tate,  Taylor 
Ind  Terrv,  Tracev,  Turner  Ga.,  Tyler,  Walker,  Warner,  A\  eadlock,  A\  heeler 
Ala.!  AVilliams  111., 'Williams  Miss.,  Wise,  Woodard.  ^,  .      -^ 

^-;y^  58— Adams  Ky.,  Aldrich,  Baker  X  H.,  Bingham,  Blair,  Boen,  Bowers 
Cal.  Bill-rows,  Cannon  111,  Cooper  Wis.,  Cousins,  Curtis  Kans.,  Dolhver,  Dolit- 
tle  Ellis  Oregon,  Funk,  Gardner,  Gear,  Hager,  Haugen,  Henderson  111.,  Hepburn, 
Hopkins  Pa.,  Hudson,  Hulick,  Hull,  Johnson  Ind.,  Johnson  N.  Dak.,  Kieter, 
Lacv  Linton,  Loud,  Loudenslager,  Mahon,  Marsh,  Marvin  N.  \.,  ^orthway, 
Pavnter,  Pence,  Perkins,  Post,  Ray.  Robinson  Pa.,  Settle,  Slmw,  Simth,  Stephen- 
son, Stone,  C.  AV.,  Stone,  W.  A.,  Srorer,  Strong,  Sweet,  Tawney,  Thomas,  Lpde- 
graff,  A'an  A^oorhis  Ohio,  AA^augh,  AVilson  AA''ash. 

Answered  "Present,"  1.— McCleary,  Minn. 

This  vote  upon  a  question  of  order  has  been  falsely  published  as  a  vote  in  favor 
of  appropriating  Government  funds  for  the  support  of  sectarian  institutions.  The 
campaign  liar  has  certainly  started  out  early  and  with  renewed  strength  and  courage. 


170  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


THE  FRIEND  OF  THE  SOLDIER. 

The  Democratic  Party  and  its  Relations  to  the  Union 
Soldiers  and  Sailors  and  the  Pension  System. 


From  foram,  tribune,  and  in  legislative  halls  the  enemies  of  honest  administra- 
tive methods  have  hurled  at  the  Democratic  party  the  accusation  thiit  it  al  A'ays 
was  and  is  now  the  enemy  of  the  o'd  soldier,  and  that  the  very  existence  of  the 
pension  system  in  the  future  depends  upon  the  restoration  of  the  Republican  party ' 
to  power,  thus  perennially  insulting  the  intelligence  of  the  great  public  conscience 
for  political  advantage  solely,  as  each  campaign  approaches,  and  striving  to  befog 
the  public  judgment  in  the  consideration  of  a  simple  question  uf  the  honest  admin- 
istration of  the  law. 

To  the  charge  that  the  present  administration  is  unfriendly  and  ungenerous  to 
the  Federal  soldiery,  let  us  address  ourselves.  AVith  alacrity  can  the  Democratic 
party  take  up  the  gauge  of  battle  on  these  lines  and  go  before  the  country  upon  the 
record  with  supreme  confidence  in  that  sense  of  fair  play,  love  of  justice  and  genius 
for  the  right  inherent  in  the  generous  and  intelligent  manhood  of  the  nation,  that 
will  not  be  s  ivervcd  by  the  howling  dervishes  of  misrul*  from  its  approbation  of 
honest  public  servants  who  exemplify  in  the  proper  administration  of  the  laws  of 
the  country  that  "a  public  office  i.s  a  public  trust." 

The  attitude  of  the  Democratic  party  is  best  voiced  by  the  sentiments  contained 
in  the  National  Democratic  platforms  from  1864  to  1892  and  the  several  State  plat- 
forms which  urge  liberal  pensions  to  be  granted  as  a  right  in  accordance  with  the 
law  and  not  in  violation  of  it  ;  and  also  in  the  friendly  and  generous  sentiments  of 
President  Cleveland,  expr&ssed  to  wards  the  deserving  volunteer  soldiers,  which 
abound  in  the  many  messages  that  from  time  to  time  he  has  sent  to  Congress  : 

CLEVELAND   AND   PENSIONS  AND  THE  DEMOCRATIC   RECORD   IN  CONGRESS. 

Actions  speak  louder  than  words.  What  have  the  Democratic  President  and! 
party  done  since  the  war  to  make  good  their  promises,  to  show  a  sincere  sense  of 
the  sacred  debt  due  the  defenders  of  the  Union  and  merit  the  confidence  of  a  grate- 
ful, generous  country?    The  United  States  statutes  furnish  the  proper  answer. 

(1).  Cleveland  approved  the  act  of  Aug.  4,  1886,  increasing  the  pensions  of  10,030 
cripples,  armless  and  legless  veterans,  from  $24  to  $30;  $30  to  $36,  and  from  $37.50 
to  $45  par  month. 

(2).  Act  of  March  19,  1886,  considering  the  past  alone,  increased  from  $8  to  $12 
per  month  the  pensions  of  79,989  widows  and  dependents  on  the  rolls  at  that  time, 
as  well  as  the  tens  of  thousands  who  hive  since  been  placed  there.  These  79,989 
certificates  w -re  issued  by  a  Democratic  Commissioner  of  Pensions  without  one  cent 
of  expense  or  a  moment's  unnecessary  delay  to  these  deserving  beneficiaries,  and 
with  no  hindrance  to  other  just  claims  pending  before  the  ofiice. 


THE    FRIEND    OF   THE    SOLDIER. 


171 


(3).  Act  of  :May  15,  1SS6,  granting  certificates  of  discharge  to  members  of  the 
Missouri  Home  Guards,  whose  claims  were  adjudicated  by  the   Hawkins-Taylor 


;ommis3ion. 


(4)  A.ct  of  May  17,  18S6,  amending  the  reports  of  the  War  Department,  which 
iiscriminatedagdnsta  large  and  worthy  class  of  soldiers,  relieving  thousands  of 
infortmiate  veterans  of  the  hardship?,  worked  by  the  resting  of  charges  agamst 
bhem,  based  up^n  technical  errors  in  the  records. 

(5).  Act  of  January  29,  18S7,  bsnefiting  about  30,000  survivors  and  widows  ot  the 
Mexican  War,  to  whom  more  than  $15,000,000  have  been  digbursjd. 

(6)  let  of  June  7,  1888,  granting  arrears  to  widows  from  the  date  of  death  of  the 
husband,  and  providing  that  all  United  States  officers  authorized  to  administer 
oaths  should  administer  all  oaths  required  to  be  made  m  pension  cases  in  the  exe- 
cution of  vouchers  for  pensions  free  of  charge-a  just  and  humane  act.  This  act  in 
the  past  alone  benefited  m^re  than  200,0,00  soldiers'  widows,  and  was  inspired  by 
that  universal  regard  for  the  decencies  of  life,  which  urged  that  this  worthy  class 
should  suffer  no  discrimination  in  refraining  from  an  unseemly  scramble  for  pen- 
sions, ere  ceased  the  last  strains  of  the  requiem  over  the  dead  soldier-husband's  re- 
mains. ,•      1  • 

(7).  Act  of  August  U,  1SS8,  for  the  relief  of  certain  appointed  or  enlisted  men  m 
the  navy  or  marine  corps  from  technical  chirges  against  them  in  the  records,  which 
stood  between  them  and  pensions  to  which  they  were  justly  entitled. 

(8).  Act  of  August  27,  1888,  increasing  pension?  on  account  of  deafness. 

(9).  Act  o-  Febrnary  12,  1889,  granting  an  increase  in  pension  from  |72  to  $100 
per  month  to  all  persons  who  in  the  line  of  duty,  in  the  naval  or  military  service 
of  the  United  States,  lost  both  hands.  More  than  thirty  of  this  extremely 
unfortunate  class  were  benefited  by  this  act  immediately  on  the  date  of  its  passage. 
(10).  Act  of  March  1,  1889,  relating  to  the  payment  of  pensions  to  the  widows 
or  dependent  heirs  where  subsequent  to  the  issuance  of  the  check  the  pensioner 

dies.  •       1  ^ 

(11).  Act  of  March  2,  1889,  removing  certain  technical  charges  in  the  record, 
and  relieving  a  large  and  meritorious  class  of  volunteer  and  regular  soldiers  of  the 
late  war  and  the  war  with  Mexico,  placing  them  in  an  honorable  light  be'ore  pos- 
ter ty  and  the  comrades  with  whom  they  fought  side  by  side;  and 

(12).  Act  of  December  21,  1893,  making  a  pension  a  vested  right. 

During  the  four  years  of  the  last  Republican  administration  President  Harrison 
approved  onlv  seven  acta  which  may,  by  any  stretch,  be  characterized  as  general 
pension  bills,' and  one,  the  Army  Nurse  Bill,  was  passed  by  a  Democratic  House. 

Since  1875,  the  year  of  Democratic  accession  to  power  in  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives, in  addition  to  the  foregoing  general  acts,  all  of  which  were  approved  by  a 
Democratic  President,  Democratic  Houses  of  Representatves  have  initiated  every 
pension  law  now  upon  the  statute  b^oks,  save  during  the  brief  period  of  the 
notorious  (47th)  Keifer  Congress,  and  the  equally  notorious  Billion  Dollar  (51st) 
Reed  Congress.     Democratic  Houses  passed  : 

(1).  Act  of  August  15,  1876,  issuing  artificialllimbs  or  commutation  therefor  to 
disabled  soldiers  "and  seamen,  [and  providing  transportation  for  the  purpose  of 
having  the  same  prop.-rly  fitted. 

(2).  Act  of  February  28,  1877,  increasing  the  pension  of  those  who  lost  both  an 
arm  and  a  leg. 

(3).  Act  of  March  9,  1878,  granting  pensions  on  account  of  service  in  the  war  of 


172  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

1812  and  the  Revolutionary  war,  requiring  a  service  of  but  14  instead  of  60  days  on 
the  part  of  survivors  of  the  war  of  1812,  and  granting  pensions  to  widows  regard- 
less of  date  of  marriage  to  sc  Idiers  of  this  war.  It  also  granted  pensions  to  widows 
of  soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary  war  on  a  service  of  14  days.  Former  laws  required 
marriaie  prior  to  the  treaty  of  peace  in  the  case  of  widows  of  the  war  of  1812. 

(4).  Act  of  June  17,  1878,  increasing  to  $72  per  month  the  pensions  of  those 
who  lost  both  hands,  both  feet,  or  the  sight  of  both  eyes  incident  to  the  service, 
and  two  years  later. 

(5).  Act  of  June  16,  1880,  giving  §72  per  month  to  the  totally  helpless  from  any 
cause  incident  to  the  service. 

(6).  Act  of  March  3,  1879,  increasing  to"  $37.50,  hip-joint  amputations.  This 
sum  was  afti'rward?  increased  to  $45  per  month  by  a  Dt-moeratic  House. 

(7).  A  Democratic  Congress  passed  the  arrears  of  pension  acts  January  25  and ' 
March  3,  1879,  generous  easures  which  benefited  more  than  225,000  pensioners 
and  at  a  single  bound  caused  the  annual  pension  roll  to  Uap  from  $33,780,526.19  to 
$57,240,540.14.  The  Republican  party  had  control  of  both  Houses  of  Congress  for 
more  than  ten  j^ears  after  the  close  of  the  war,  but  passed  no  legislation  of  this  char- 
acter. Both  Houses  became  Democratic  in  1879,  and  on  the  21st  of  June  of  that 
year  they  pisstd  the  following  amendment  for  the  protection  of  pensioners  and 
abolishing  biennial  medical  examinations. 

(8).  Sec.  3  act  of  June  21,  1879.  That  sections  4771,  4772,  and  4773,  providing 
for  biennial  examinations  of  pensioners  are  hereby  repealed  :  Provided,  That  rJie 
Commissioner  of  Pensions  shall  have  the  same  power  as  heretofore  to  order  a  spe- 
cial examination  whenever  in  his  judgment  th?  sime  may  be  necessary,  but  in  no 
case  shall  a  pension  be  withdrawn  or  reduced  except  up  m  noliice  to  the  pensioner 
and  a  hearing  upon  sworn  testimony.  *  *  *  In  order  to  -provide  for  the  speedy 
payment  of  arrearages  of  pension,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  hereby  author- 
ized and  dii'ected  to  issue  immediately  in  payment  thereof,  as  may  be  adoptel,  the 
legal  tender  currency  now  in  the  United  States  Treasury  held  as  a  special  fund  for 
the  redemption  of  fractional  currency,  etc.,  etc.  This  statute  was  parsed  not  only 
to  provide  for  the  large  payment  of  arrears  that  would  soon  fall  due,  but  to  protect 
the  psns'oners  against  Republican  Commissioners  of  Pensions  who  were  then  sus- 
pending pensions  without  notice  or  hearing,  and  in  many  instances  upon  malicious 
anonymous  letters  and  unsworn  statements  of  vindictive  and  malevolent  persons, 
and  reducing  or  dropping  the  names  of  pensioners  from  the  rolls  upon  the  mere 
verbal  ex  parte  reports  of  secre^  agents. 

(9).  Act  of  Detember  21,  1893,  making  a  pension  a  vested  right. 

(10).  Act  of  February  -6,  1881,  forthe  protection  of  pensioners  in  soldiers'  homes. 

(11).  Act  of  July  14,  1892,  establishing  an  intermediate  rate  of  pension  between 
$30  and  $72  per  month,  and  hxing  the  rate  at  §50  for  all  who  required  frequent  and 
periodical  though  not  regular  and  constant  personal  aid  and  attendance. 

(12).  Act  of  August  5,  1892,  granting  pensionsto  army  nuisesand  forbidding  the 
demanding  of  a  fee  by  claim  agents  for  prosecuting  this  class  of  cases.  This  was  a 
geuirois  r  ico^nitioii  of  tlie  noble  heroines  who,  leaving  home  and  loved  ones  be- 
hind, in  self-sacrifice  braved  pestilence  and  hardship  in  every  form  to  minister  to 
the  stricken  in  hospitals  of  the  army,  with  danger  for  their  constant  fare  and  dtath 
their  never  absent  companion. 

(13).  Act  of  July  4,  1884,  which  estabUshed  the  proper  relations  which  should 
exist  between  attorneys  and  clients,  and  fixed  by  law  the   fees  to  be  allowed  in 


THE    FRIEND    OF    THE   SOLDIER.  178 

jnsioii  cases.  By  this  act  a  Democratic  Congress  placed  the  strong  arm  of  tlie 
w  between  the  helpless  applicant  for  pension  and  the  unblushing  rapacity  of  the 
orde  of  pension  pettifoggei's  that  op  -rated  up  to  th  s  time. 

Some  idea  may  be  gathered  of  the  state  of  affairs  when  we  reflect  that  in  the 
iven  years  alone  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  above  act,  5'3i  claim  agents  were  prose  - 
ited  for  violations  of  one  form  or  another  of  the  penal  statutes  relating  to  pen- 
ons,  355  were  suspended,  248  disbarred,  138  dropped  from  the  roster  of  attorneys. 
id  6-1:  convicted.     This  D>3iuocratic  m3asare  smoked  them  out. 

Cleveland's  vetoes  of  private  pensiox  acts. 

During  the  twenty-four  (24)  years  of  uninterrupted  Republican  administration — 
61  to  1885 — 2,001  private  pension  acts  passed  by  Congress  became  laws,  an  aver- 
se of  about  83  a  year.  During  Lincoln's  administration,  41  ;  Johnson's,  431  ; 
jrant's,  490  ;  Hayes's,  303  ;  Garfield  and  Arthur's,  736.  In  the  first  three  years  of 
rresident  Cleveland's  former  administration — 1885  to  1888 — out  of  1,560  submitted 
0  him,  1,369  became  laws,  more  than  thirty -three  times  as  many  as  during  Lincoln's 
3ur  years  ;  more  than  three  times  as  many  as  Johnson's  four  years  ;  nearly  three 
imes  as  many  as  Grant's  eight  years  ;  four-and-a-half  times  as  many  as  Hayes's 
3ur  years  ;  and  nearly  twic3  as  many  as  Garfield  and  Arthur's  four  years.  The 
verage  yearly  number  of  these  private  pension  acts  which  became  laws  under 
Ueveland's  former  administration  was  456,  five-and-a-half  times  the  average  annual 
umber  during  the  preceding  Republican  administrations. 

pension  statistic. 

The  pension  estimates  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  capitalized  at  3  per  cent,  would 
le  the  interest  on  about  $5,500,000,000,  a  sum  greater  than  the  national  debt  of  any 
ountry  on  earth,  and  nearly  twice  the  debt  of  the  United  States  at  the  close  of 
he  war. 

$85,292,931.08  have  been  paid  for  pensions  under  the  general  law  during  the  last 
seal  year.  For  the  same  time  $68,259,537.18  were  paid  under  the  act  of  June  27, 
890,  while  from  1871  to  the  present  time  the  total  disbursements  on  account  of 
tie  war  of  1812,  Indian  wars,  and  the  Mexican  war  were  but  $55,896,433.38.  The 
3sults  of  these  wars  increased  the  territory  of  the  United  States  from  less  than 
,000,000  to  3,603,884  square  miles.  The  Mexican  service  pension  bill  was  not 
assed  until  thirty-nine  years  after  the  close  of  that  war.  This  recognition  was 
iven  to  the  survivors  of  1812  fifty-seven  years  after,  and  the  Revolution  fifty-nine 
ears  after  the  close  of  these  respective  wars. 

Pensions  thus  far  paid  exceed  the  entire  appropriations  from  the  foundation 
f  the  Government  up  to  1861.  The  pension  appropriation  for  the  current  fiscal 
ear  is  equal  to  the  entire  cost  of  the  army,  navy  and  pension  establishments  of 
Irazil,  China,  Mexico,  Norway,  and  Sweden  and  Spain  combined  ;  or  Germany, 
lexico  and  Spain  ;  it  exceeds  that  of  Germany  and  Spain  combined,  and  is  almost 
qual  to  that  of  Russia  and  Brazil.  It  is  fifty  million  dollars  more  than  the  entire 
xpenditures  for  the  military  and  naval  establishments  of  Germany  ;  twenty 
lillion  dollars  more  than  that  of  Russia  ;  and  equ  ds  three-fourths  of  the  entire 
xpanditure  of  Great  Britain  in  maintaining  its  naval,  military,  pension  and  civil 
ist  establishments.  Twelve  States  in  the  Union  receive  50  per  cent  more  in  pen- 
ion  money  than  the  cost  of  their  entire  school  establishments.  Maine  and  Ver- 
aont  received  two-and-a-half  times  as  much  in  pensions  as  they  pay  for  schools. 


174  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

The  estimates  for  the  payment  of  pensions  for  the  coming  fiscal  year  exceed  the 
total  assessed  valuation  of  the  real  and  personal  property  of  twenty-five  (25)  Stau-s 
in  the  Union.  There  are  76,661  pensioners  in  the  six  States  of  Washington,  Kansas, 
Nebras  .^  a,  North  and  South  Dakota,  and  Oregon,  nearly  three  times  as  many  pensioiK-rs 
as  these  States  furnished  soldiers  (26,286)  to  the  army.  In  the  ten  States  that  tonuL'd 
the  Southern  Confedenxcy  there  are  48,639  pensioners,  and  in  the  six  border  Stati-s 
128,936,  making  in  all  177, -575  pensioners,  receiving  an  aggregate  of  §28,428, 75'.  1.42 
in  the  old  slave  States.  In  the  aggregate  the  30th  of  June,  1894,  2,114,908  original 
pension  claims  have  been  filed  since  1861.  1,438,134  of  these  have  been  allow,  d. 
Upwards  of  two  billions  of  dollars  have  been  paid  in  pensions,  local  bounties,  and 
private  patriotic  centributions  for  the  relief  of  the  families  of  the  soldiers  ?-iace 
the  war. 

At  the  close  of  the  year,  June  30,  1894,  there  were  969,-544  persons  upon  the  pen- 
sion rolls,  a  greater  number  than  were  mustered  out  of  the  service  29  years  ago.  and 
300,000  more  than  there  were  troops  actively  engaged  in  the  army  at  any  one 
time  during  the  war.  At  the  close  of  this  year  there  were  737,358  invaUds  on  the 
pension  rolls,  89,000  more  than  the  number  of  soldiers  reported  present  for  active 
duty  by  Provost  Marshal  Greneral  Frye  March  31,  1865,  the  number  enrolled  being 
980,086  and  the  number  absent  332,339.  During  the  last  year  (1893)  $1,872,178.53 
were  paid  iu  attorneys'  fees  ALONE,  and  upwards  of  $20,000,000  went  to  these  claim 
agents  since  1865.  Only  three  States  in  the  Union  (New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Ohio)  had  a  total  population  in  1860  greater  than  the  number  of  pens  on  claims 
filed  since  the  war;  only  five  States  (New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Illinois,  and 
Virginia)  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  had  a  total  population  greater  than  the  num- 
ber of  pension  claims  allowed  since  the  war;  only  nine  States  have  now  a  total 
population  greater  than  the  total  number  of  pension  claims  filed,  and  twenty-one 
States  and  Territories  of  the  Union  have  a  total  population  less  than  the  number  o  f 
unsettled  claims  still  pending  29  years  after  the  close  of  the  rebellion. 

NUxMBER  OF  PENSIONERS   AND   AMOUNTS   PAID   PER  CONGRESSIONAL   DISTRICT. 

In  Indiana  the  average  is  5,300  pensioners,  receiving  §900,264  per  Congressional 
district. 

In  Ohio,  4,904,  receiving  $825,080  per  district. 

In  Iowa,  3,464,  receiving  $561,437. 

Pennsylvania,  3,193,  receiving  $505,911. 

Illinois,  3,124,  receiving  $500,906. 

Massachusetts"  3,100,  receiving  $529,326. 

Wisconsin,  2,761,  receiving  $437,885. 

Rhode  Island,  2,111,  receiving  $234,400, 

Minnesota,  2,329,  receiving  $372,205. 

The  avei-age  number  of  pensioners  in  each  Congressional  district  in  the  United 
States  is  2,711,  and  the  average  amount  of  pension  paid  in  each  Congressional  dis- 
trict is  $440,282. 

Illinois  furnished  1^  times  the  number  of  troops  Indiana  did,  but  has  only  58  per 
cent  of  the  number  of  pensioners,  receiving  only  56  per  cent  of  the  amount  of  money 
per  district  as  that  State.  She  sent  83  per  cent  of  the  number  of  troops  Ohio  did, 
but  has  only  64  per  cent  of  the  number  of  pensioners,  receiving  61  per  cent  as  much 
pension  per  district  as  this  State. 

Pennsylvania  sent  If  times  the  number  of  troops  Indiana  did,  and  has  only  60  per 


THE   FRIEND   OF  THE  SOLDIER.  175 

ent  of  the  number  of  pensioners,  receiving  56  per  cent  of  the  amount  of  pension  i^er 
listrict  as  this  State.  She  sent  lOS  per  cent  of  tlie  nomber  of  troops  Ohio  did,  and 
las  only  05  per  cent  of  tlie  number  of  pensioners,  receiving  61  per  cent  of  the 
imount  per  district  as  this  State. 

Iowa,  Massachusetts,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Rhode  Island,  respectively,  re- 
;eive  62,  59,  49,  41,  and  26  per  cent  as  much  pension  per  Congressional  district  as 
[ndiana,  and  68,  64,  53,  45,  and  28  per  cent,  respectively,  as  Ohio. 

Again,  take  the  two  Northern  States  which,  since  the  war,  have  almost  invariably 
jast  tiieir  electoral  vote  for  the  Democratic  ticket  (New  Jersey  and  Connecticut). 
[n  the  former  2,563  i^ensioners  receive  $410,021  per  Congressional  district ;  in  the 
atter,  2,904  pensioners  receive  $335,088  per  district. 

The  pensioners  in  the  State  of  Indiana  are  receiving  average  annual  pensions 
3qual  to  $169.87.  In  Ohio  it  is  $168.25  ;  in  Iowa,  $162.10  ;  Ihinois,  $160.34  ;  Min- 
aesota,  $159.81 ;  Wisconsin,  $158.60  ;  Pennsylvania,  $158.44,  and  in  Rhode  Island, 
plll.04. 

THE  DEMOCRATIC  RECORD  IN  TFTE  PENSION  OFFICE. 

During  the  four  years  of  Democratic  administration — from  1885  to  1889 — a  little 
over  80  per  cent  of  all  the  claims  filed  were  allowed.  During  the  preceding  Repub- 
lican administration  the  average  was  but  78  per  cent,  and  during  the  last  Repub- 
lican administration  (Tanner  and  Raum)  only  67  per  cent  of  the  claims  filed  were 
allo\ved,  notwithstanding  the  addition  to  the  clerical  force  of  the  bureau  of  more 
than  400  persons. 

During  the  four  years  of  Democratic  administration — from  1885  to  1889 — $296,- 
458,741.25  were  paid  for  pensions,  fifteen  and  one-half  millions  more  than  were 
paid  during  the  fifteen  years  of  Republican  administration  from  1861  to  1875,  in- 
clusive ;  and,  including  the  estimates  for  the  current  fiscal  year.  Democratic  admin- 
istrations under  Judge  Lochren  and  General  Black,  have,  in  five  years,  disbursed 
$5,750,000  more  th^i  all  the  Republican  administrations  in  the  twenty  years 
from  1861  to  1880  inclusive. 

The  total  disbursements  for  pensions  since  1861  were,  in  round  numbers,  $1,730,- 
500,000.  During  sixteen  (16)  years  of  that  time,  counting  the  present  Congress, 
the  Democratic  party  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  under  the  leadership  of 
Randall,  Carlisle  and  Crisp,  originated  appropriation  bills  for  64  per  cent  of  this 
amount,  in  round  numbers  $1,109,000,000  ;  while  during  eighteen  (18)  years  under 
the  control  of  the  Republican  party,  but  36  percent,  in  round  numbers  $621,000,000 
were  disbursed,  or  a  net  ratio  of  nearly  200  per  cent  in  favor  of  the  De;iiocratic  party. 

Soldiers  of  the  republic,  does  this  show  the  Democraic  party  has  been  ungener- 
ous to  the  heroic  men  who  saved  the  flag  from  tarnish,  or  t  o  their  dependents  ? 
Wherein  have  Democratic  administrations  been  inimical  to  the  pen.sioners  of  the 
nation?  Partisan  Republicans  in  their  cheeping  criticisms  strive  for  political  effect 
solely.     How  plain  a  tale  will  put  the  prevaricator  down? 

ACT  OF  JUNE  27,  1890. 

The  enormous  increase  in  the  annual  pension  roll,  due  to  the  lax  construction  of 
the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  which  caused  the  amount  yearly  expended  to  leaj)  from 
$89,000,000  in  1889  to  $158,000,000  at  a  bound  in  1893,  is  mainly  responsible^ for  the 
criticisms  of  the  patient  tax-payers  of  the  nation,  who  gravely  question  whether 
this  enormous  sum  was  properly  disbursed  by  a  Republican  administration. 

The  amount  paid,  $158,000,000,  in  the  third  year  since  the  passage  of  this  act  al- 


176  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

most  equals  in  a  single  year  the  total  amount  paid  under  all  existing  laws  during 
the  eleven  years  of  Republican  rule,  from  1861  to  1871  inclusive. 

This  law  was  pa  sed  in  recognition  of  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  tracing  dis- 
abilities to  service  origin  after  a  long  lapse  of  time,  and  the  fact  that  deserving  sol- 
diers who,  in  their  advancing  years,  were  suffering  from  affliction  not  of  service 
origin,  but  which  unfitted  them  to  earn  a  support  by  manual  labor,  were  deemed 
proper  objects  of  th.^  national  beneficence,  and  in  obedience  to  this  generous  im- 
pulse the  act  was  passed.  But  it  had  its  requirements  and  limitations.  Section  2d 
of  the  act,  which  is  as  follows,  determines  these  : 

"Section  2.  That  all  persons  who  served  ninety  days  or  more  in  the  military 
or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  who 
have  been  honorably  discharged  therefrom,  and  who  are  now  or  who  may  hereafter 
be  suffering  from  a  mental  or  physical  disability  of  a  permanent  character,  not  the 
result  of  their  own  vicious  habits,  which  incapacitates  them  for  the  performance  of 
manual  labor  in  such  a  degree  as  to  render  them  unable  to  earn  a  support,  shall, 
upon  making  due  proof  of  the  fact  according  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  provide,  be  plac  'd  upon  the  list  of  invalid  pensioners 
of  the  United  States,  and  be  entitled  to  receive  a  p^^nsion  not  exceeding  twelve  dol- 
lars per  month  and  not  less  than  six  dollars  per  month,  proportioned  to  the  degree 
of  inability  to  earn  a  support,"  etc.,  etc. 

It  will  be  perceived  that  it  is  imperative  thkt  there  shall  have  been  a  service  of 
at  least  ninety  days,  an  honorable  discharge,  and  in  the  case  of  invalids  it  must  be 
shown  by  competent  evidence  that  the  applicant  for  pension  under  this  act  must  be 
disabled  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor  by  reason  of  mental  or  physical  dis- 
ability not  due  to  his  own  vii^ious  habits,  rendering  him  unable  in  greater  or  less 
degree  to  earn  a  support  by  manual  labor. 

How  has  the  Repu  jlican  party  accounted  for  its  stewardship  to  the  people  of  the 
nation  in  the  execution  of  this  law  ?  Has  it  been  the  faithful  custodian  of  the  trust 
imposed  upon  it?  While  providing  with  prodigality  for  the  deserving  beneficiaries 
has  it  buttressed  the  entrance  to  the  public  treasury  against  the  strain  of  the  rapa- 
cious claim  agents  and  the  unworthy  pretender  ?  It  is  the  purpose  of  this  to  show 
that  the  Republican  Commissioners  of  Pensions  let  down  all  the  bars  of  the  national 
pasture  field,  enabling  the  bounty rjumpers  and  others  equally  unworthy  to  enter 
with  impunity.  Names  were  put  upon  the  pension  rolls  regardless  of  the  require- 
ment of  at  least  ninety  days'  service;  the  dishonorably  discharged  who  tarnished 
the  blue  were  pensioned;  able-bodied  applicants,  rich  in  worldly  store,  but  protest- 
ing mendicancy,  were  fed  at  the  public  table  ;  and  tho-ie  who  by  vice  were  reduced 
to  the  relics  of  a  misspent  life,  were  allow  d  to  partake  of  the  Nation's  bounty  that 
of  right  belonged  alone  to  the  worthy  pensioners  of  the  Republic.  A  Republican 
Commissioner  of  Pensions  declared  it  his  intention  to  raid  the  public  treas  iry  with 
steam-shovel  and  gravel-train,  and  "  God  help  the  surplus  when  he  got  up  steam 
enough ! ' ' 

Under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  aside  from  the  requisite  service  and  honorable  dis- 
charge, there  is  but  one  condition  that  can  give  any  right  to  a  pension,  namely,  '  'a 
mental  or  physical  disability  of  a  permanent  character,  not  the  result  of  their  own 
vicious  habits,  which  incapacitates  them  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor  in 
such  a  degree  as  to  render  them  unable  to  earn  a  support." 

Scarcely  was  the  in'v  dry  on  the  approval  of  the  act  when  in  open  violation  of 
both  the  spirit  and  the  letter  of  the  law,  a  Republican  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  by 


THE    FRIEND    OF    THE   SOLDIER.  177 

rder  No.  1(54,  issued  October  15,  ISitO,  directed  tlie  Commis-ioner  of  Pensions  that 
isabilities  rendering  claimants  unable  to  earn  a  support  in  such  a  degree  as  would 
e  rated  under  former  laws  at  or  above  §6  and  less  than  ^12  should  be  rated  the 
ime  as  like  disabilities  of  service  origi  ,  and  that  all  cases  showing  a  pensionable 
isability  which,  if  of  service  origin,  would  be  rated  at  or  above  $12,  shall  be  rated 
812  per  month.  And  to  .-^how  conclusively  that  the  inability  of  the  applicant  to 
erform  manual  labor  was  not  taken  into  consideration  at  all  in  the  rating  of  cases 
nder  this  law,  let  us  read  the  circular  of  the  then  Republican  Medical  Referee, 
ited  December  10,  1890.  to  the  Medical  Division  of  the  Pension  Office,  and  ap- 
»roved  by  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  : 

"  The  ratings  recommended  should  be  the  same  as  if  the  disability  or  disabilities 
rere  incurred  in  t'  e  service,  rating  each  disability  separately."  In  a  letter  to  the 
Jommissioner  of  Pensions,  dated  May  23,  1803,  this  same  Medical  Peferee,  in 
,nswer  to  inquiry  as  to  the  practice  in  rating  act  of  June  27  cas  sunder  the  Repub- 
ican  administration,  stated  that  "  the  inability  of  the  applicant  top.n-form  manual 
abor  was  not  taken  into  consideration." 

Within  three  years  from  the  promulgation  of  this  Order  164,  more  than  three- 
[uarters  of  a  million  claims  were  filed  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  and  -159.1.55 
)ensioners  Tvere  placed  upon  the  rolls  under  it.  Order  164  established  a  practice  in 
he  bureau  which  disregarded  the  basic  requirements  of  the  law,  and  put  hundreds 
if  thousands  of  pensioners  upon  the  rolls  whom  Congress  never  intended  to  re- 
vard.  The  gratitude  of  the  nation  to  its  defenders  was  preyed  upon,  and  the 
treasury  robbed  in  the  soldi*- r's  name. 

Under  laws  prior  to  June  27,  1890,  rates  of  pension  were  fixed  without  regard  to 
he  capacity  of  the  pensioner  to  earn  a  support  by  manual  labor,  while  under  the 
,ct  of  ,hine  27,  1890,the  condition  was  imperative  that  there  must  be  a  disability  inca- 
>acitating  for  the  performance  of  manual  labor  to  obtain  a  support.  There  are  21 
[isabi'ities  not  specified  by  law  but  fixed  by  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  es- 
ablishing  rates  of  pension  under  laws  prior  to  June  27,  1890,  which  are  rated  at 
12  and  upwards;  and  by  Order  164  were  rated  under  the  law  of  1890  by  the  Re- 
Kiblican  Commissioner  at  $12  per  month.     To  illustrate  : 

The  loss  of  an  eye  ;  nearly  total  deafness  of  one  ear  and  slight  of  other  ;  loss  of 
'.lumb  and  index  finger  ;  or  the  loss  of  a  thumb,  finger  and  toe  was  rated  at  $12 
ler  month  or  more  ;  then  the  mandate  of  the  order  and  the  practice  under  it  was 
liat  a  claimant  under  the  act  of  1890  should  be  rated  at  $12  per  month,  although 
!ongress  designed  that  no  man  should  receive  $12  per  month  except  for  disabilities 
,-hich  render  him  wholly  unable  to  earn  a  support  by  manual  labor.  Stiffness  of  a 
houlder,  elbow,  knee,  ankle  or  wrist  joint — do  these  render  a  man  wliolly  unable 
:)  perform  manual  labor  ?  Does  the  loss  of  an  eye  or  the  deafness  of  anear  wholly 
icap-icitate  one  .'  Such  has  been  the  practice  of  the  bureau  under  Republican  ad- 
linistrations,  and  millions  of  dollars  of  the  people's  money  wrongfully  paid  out. 
Loss  of  little  toe  and  little  finger  and  small  varicocele,  without  complications,  in- 
:irred  20  years  or  longer  after  the  close  of  the  war,  entitled  the  applicant,  accord- 
ig  to  Raum's  practice,  to  the  minimum  rating  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890 
nd  men  were  pensioned  for  baldness,  bunions,  and  corns.  So  flagrantly  at  vari- 
nce  with  the  requirements  of  the  law  of  June  27,  1890,  were  the  practices  of  the 
Republican  Commissioner  that  the  Republican  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  just  two 
lonths  after  the  rebuke  administered  by  the  Republican  reverses  of  1892,  issued 
rie  decision  of  January  7,  1893,  and  sought  to  restore.to  something  like  a  just  basis 


178  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

the  practice  of  the  department  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890.     This   is  known  ai 
the  Weike  decision,  rescinding  Order  No.  164,  and  estabUshing  the  principle  : 

(1)  That  the  basis  of  ra'.es  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  is  inabiUty  to  earn  ; 
support  by  reason  of  incapacity  for  manual  labor  due  to  disability  not  the  resul  o 
vicious  habits. 

(2)  Schedule  of  nominal  rates  will  not  be  added  together  to  make  up  a  rate  undei 
said  act,  but  the  rate  will  be  based  on  the  combined  eifect  of  all  the  causes  involve( 
upon  the  applicant's  capacity  for  man'ial  labor.  (Assistant  Secretary  Bussey  t< 
Commissioner  Raum. ) 

Previous  to  the  Weike  decision  the  Bureau  had  been  allowing  78  2-10  per  cent  o 
all  claims  examined,  but  immediately  after  this  decision  allowances  fell  to  33|  pe 
cent  of  the  cl  lims  examined,  less  than  half  the  rate  at  which  pensions  were  allowec 
immediately  prior  thereto. 

During  the  six  months  prevous  to  this  decision  43,683,  or  an  average  of  7,280, 
army  and  navy  original  invalid  certificates  weekly  were  issued  under  the  act  o 
June  27,  1890,  by  the  Republican  Commissioner  (Raum);  during  the  six  subse 
quen^  months  (thr.'e  of  which  were  unddr  the  Republicans  and  three  under  th< 
new  Democratic  administration)  18,608,  or  a  weekly  average  of  3,101 — only  42  6-l< 
per  cent  of  this  class  of  certificates,  the  only  kind  affected  by  this  decision — we« 
issued.  On  this  basis  fully  170,000  of  the  311,300  pensioners  of  this  class  place( 
upon  the  rolls  under  tlie  act  of  June  27,  1890,  by  the  Republican  administration  ii 
two  and  a  half  years  have  no  just  right  to  be  there,  and  more  than  168,000,000  pai< 
to  them  was  absolutely  given  away  without  authority  of  law. 

When  a  single  decision  like  that  had  the  effect  of  reducing  allowances  more  thai 
one-half,  was  it  not  high  time  to  raise  the  question  as  to  whether  the  act  of  Jun( 
27,  1890,  was  being  lionestly  and  properly  administered?  So  great  was  the  reduc 
tion  of  allowances  under  this  decision  that  ex-Commissioner  Tanner,  in  an  inter 
view  in  a  "Washington  paper,  demanded  that  President  Harrison  require  the  deci 
sion  to  be  abrogated,  or  it  \vould  depopulate  the  pension  rolls. 

BENNETT   DECISION. 

The  principle  ot  procedure  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  as  laid  down  in  the 
Weike  decision  was  made  more  forcible  on  the  accession  of  the  Democratic  party  to 
power  by  the  decision  of  Assistant  Secretary  Reynolds,  May  27,  1893,  in  the  case  of 
Charles  T.  Beniett,  wherein  it  was  affirmed  "that  the  basis  of  pension  under  sec- 
tion 2  of  the  act  o  June  27,  1890,  is  incapacity  due  to  any  permanent  mental  or 
pliysical  disability  not  the  result  of  vicious  habits  to  such  a  degree  as  renders  the 
claimant  unable  to  earn  a  support  by  manual  labor,  t^  *  *  Neither  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  nor  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  can,  by  order  or  by  prac- 
tice, supersede  an  act  of  Congress.  The  power  of  the  Department,  so  far  as  its  or- 
ders and  practice  are  concerned,  is  limited  to  an  execution  of  the  law;  it  ceases  when 
an  effort  is  made  to  supersede  the  law. 

THE   BOARD   OF   REVISION    AND    AUTHORITY    FOR   SUSPENSIONS. 

The  showing  that  made  it  appear  certain  that  under  Order  164  many  pens'ons 
were  illegally  granted  caused  the  Commissioner  of  Pv'nsions  under  the  fore- 
going decision  (Bennett)  of  May  27,  1893,  to  organize  a  board  of  revision  composed 
of  the  best  men  in  the  Bureau  regardless  of  political  complexion.  They  were  re- 
quired to  examine  cases  allowed  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  and  pick  out  such 


THE    FRIEND    OF   THE   SOLDIER.  179 

had  no  legal  or  equitable  basis  to  rest  upon,  "but  with  instructions  to  disturb  no 
lAse  where  by  the  most  liberal  construction  of  the  evidenc  '  the  right  to  the  pension 
ould  be  sustained  under  any  law.  In  cases  where  it  was  believed  that  p  >nsion 
eould  not  be  sustained  and  another  medical  examination  was  thought  necessary,  the 
payment  of  the  pension  was  ordered  to  be  suspended  pending  investigation,  accoi'd- 
ng  to  the  practice  of  the  Bureau  from  the  beginning,  and  at  tlie  proper  time  the 
usual  sixty  days  notice  was  given  to  the  pens  oner  within  which  he  could  ask  for 
i  medical  examination  or  supply  further  evidence  to  his  right  to  pension." 

This  Board  of  Revision,  up  to  December  21,  1893,  wh  n  the  act  was  pa  sed  de- 
claring a  pension  to  be  a  vested  right,  and  requiring  thirty  days  notice  before  sus- 
pension, took  the  blankets  off  12,.i48  cases  issued  under  Order  164.  After  a  careful 
re-exaraination,  guided  by  Order  No.  240  of  Commissioner  Lochren,  it  was  found 
that  8,461,  or  67  per  cent  of  them,  were  entitled  to  the  p  'nsi  -n  originally  allowed 
land  the  payment  of  pension  was  immediately  orJered  to  be  resumed;  568  were  re- 
'duced  to  smaller  rat -s  than  those  wrongfully  given;  701  were  dropped  from  the 
[rolls,  as  it  was  shown  they  were  n  >t  entitled  to  pansions  undt^r  aiiy  law,  and  2,818 
[were  still  suspended  and  undergoing  further  investigation  at  the  date  .f  the  pissage 
of  the  act  of  December  21,  18D3,  since  which  time  payment  has  been  resumed  in 
these  cases  under  tlie  terms  of  this  act. 

POWER   TO  SUSPEXn. 

The  power  to  suspend  current  payments  of  p  'usion,  and  upon  satisfactory  proof 
to  drop  the  nam?s  of  pensioners  from  the  rolls,  lies  in  th3  Secre  ary  of  the  Interior 
and  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions.  This  view  finds  approval  and  confirmation  in 
the  following:  Kellogg  r.'^.  Waite  and  trustee,  12  Allen,  Mass.,  530;  United  States 
iy.  Hall,  98  U.  S.,  357;  sections  4692  and  4693,  R.  S.  U.  S.,  and  prior  and  subsequent 
acts,  which  prescrib?  th':-  nature  of  the  conditions  precedent  to  title.  Being  con- 
ditions precedent  U'jthing  can  defeat  them  and  they  must  co  exist  before  the  title  is 
perfected.  If  through  fraud  or  mistake  the  Government  is  deceived  or  imposed 
upon  and  a  pension  certificate  issue-,  no  legal  title  arises  because  the  necessary 
conditions  of  proof  and  fact  do  not  exist,  and  the  Government  has  the  right  to  with- 
hold or  vacate  every  muniment  of  title  that  lacks  tha  f  andamental  legal  eleme  ts. 

The  pmctice  of  suspension  has  been  the  practice  of  the  Bureau,  followed  since  as 
far  back  as  1819,  and  has  prevailed  without  interruption  through  all  administration?. 
It  is  in  line  with  the  assertion  of  the  right  by  succes.sive  Secretaries,  and  wa-  asserted 
in  the  case  of  certificate  numbered  70,032,  by  Secretary  Delano,  who  held  that  if 
there  was  an  improper  allowance  either  through  fraud  or  error  suspensions  were 
warranted;  in  certificate  number  107,574,  by  Secretary  Schurz,  and  by  Secretary 
/iach.  Chandler,  the  soldier's  friend,  who  was  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  1875,  and 
who  by  telegraph  directed  H.  G.  Sickel,  United  States  Pension  Agent  at  Philadel- 
phia, to  suspend  payment  of  pension  in  every  case  which  had  been  prosecuted  bj' 
the  following  attorneys:  Joseph  E.  Devitt  &  Co.,  E.  B.  Jackson,  Francis  Reg'ster, 
Matth-ws,  Poulson  &  Co.,  et  al. 

This  suspension  order,  just  prior  to  the  September,  1875,  payment,  must  have 
effected  nearly  every  pensioner  residing  in  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia,  as 
svell  as  those  of  the  surrounding  forty-six  counties  in  Pennsj'lvania  and  all  the  State 
:>f  Delaware,  which  comprised  the  district  paid  at  the  Philadelphia  agency  that  year. 
B3,447,254  26  were  paid  to  the  27,740  pensioners  on  the  rolls  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Delaware  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1875.     As  the  Philadelphia  agency  com- 


180  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

prised  more  than  half  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  all  of  Delaware,  it  will  oe 
percnved  that  the  number  of  suspensions  must  have  been  many  thousands. 

It  has  been  heralded  thorughout  the  country  that  nearly  13,000  pensions  had 
been  suspended  by  the  Democratic  administration,  but  these  patriots  who  love  tlu' 
soldier  so  well  that  they  do  not  hesitate  to  alarm  and  harass  him  by  lying  reports, 
do  not  state  that  out  of  the  exact  number  suspended  (12,548)  4,095  of  that  num- 
ber are  foreign  residents,  whose  pensions  terminated  July  1 ,  189.3,  by  act  of  Con- 
gress passed  March  1,  1893,  and  approved  by  Benjamin  Harrison. 

STATEMENTS   OF    FORMER   REPUBLICAN    COMMISSIONERS   RELATIVE   TO    FRAUDS,    DROP- 
PINGS,    ETC. 

When  the  urgent  deficiency  bill  was  before  Congress  last  March,  and  Democratic 
Representatives  were  asking  for  sufficient  money  for  the  payment  of  special,  exam- 
iners to  purge  th3  pension  roll  of  frauds,  they  were  confronted  by  Republicans  with 
such  remarks  as  these  :  "The  whole  object  and' purpose  is  to  p.iy  the  '  spies'  and 
'  secret  agents'  to  be  put  upon  the  track  of  the  old  soldier,  to  shadow  hhii  in  his 
outgoings  and  incomings." 

Suspension  was  referred  to  as  if  it  were  a  new  trick  on  the  part  of  the  Democrats, 
and  frauds  were  said  to  exist  only  in  the  imagination  of  Southern  Brigadiers.  They 
are  unmindful  of  the  fact  that  the  whole  special  examination  system  was  of  their 
own  creation,  as  may  be  seen  by  a  scrutiny  of  the  annual  reports  of  the  earlier  Re- 
publican Commissioners  urging  in  unequivocal  terms  that  the  pension  system  under 
the  old  ex  parte  methods  were  reeking  with  fraud,  and  each  annual  report  is  bur- 
dened with  the  clamors  of  these  Republican  Commissioners  for  an  enlargement  of 
the  powers  conferred  upon  special  agents  by  section  4744,  R.  S.  So  thoroughly  has 
the  work  gone  on  sitce  then  that  now  substantially  every  United  States  court  in 
the  country  has  its  calendar  from  the  Pension  Bureau  of  crimes  in  the  procuring  or 
eflforts  to  procure  fraudulent  pensions.  From  April  1,  1893,  to  June  2,  1894,  in  the 
past  year  alone,  the  small  force  of  182  special  examiners  in  the  field,  made  237 
arrests,  procured  .531  indictments,  215  convictions,  and  93  sentences  of  persons 
charged  with  criminal  violations  of  the  penal  statutes  in  relation  to  pensions,  and 
74  aitorneys  were  suspended  and  disbarred  for  complicity  in  these  crimes,  saving  to 
the  Government  in  first  payments  alone  the  enormous  sum  of  $2,702,760.88,  that 
would  have  gone  to  these  fraudulent  claimants. 

In  the  Month  of  May,  1894,  alone,  1398,992.87  was  saved  to  the  Government 
from  this  source,  and  from  April  1,  1893,  to  .June  1,  1894,  $29,538.79  of  money  im- 
properly and  illegally  received  as  pensions  was*  collected  and  refunded  to  the  Gov- 
ernmer:t. 

For  the  nine  years  from  1874  to  1882,  inclusive,  3,283  names  were  dropped  from 
the  rolls,  over  18,000  were  suspended  pending  investigation,  thousands  of  pensions 
were  reduced,  and  the  sum  of  $4,344,954.36  was  saved  to  the  Treasury.  Upwards 
of  600  persons  were  prosecuted,  indicted,  convicted  or  sentenced  for  criminal  vio- 
lations of  the  penal  statutes  in  pension  claims. 

Thus  it  will  be  s.'en  that  pension  frauds  held  high  carnival  in  the  golden  age  of 
Republican  supremacy  as  in  later  days  when  President  Harrison's  Attorney-General 
(W.  H.  H.  Miller)  was  led  to  say  :  "  /  have  never  before  had  my  eyes  opened  to  the 
enormity  of  the  frauds  vMch  are  being  practiced  upon  the  General  Government  by  ap- 
plicants for  pension,  and  I  am  free  to  admit  that  I  Jmve  not  before  appreciated  the  degree 
of  ease  ivUh  which  applications  for  pension  may  be  prosecuted  in  the  Pension  Office  at 


THE   FRIEND   OF   THE  SOLDIER. 


181 


Washington,  and  pensions  granted  upon  affidavits  vMch  have  no  grounding  in  the  com- 
mon principles  of  truth.     It  tvas  a  revelation  to  me." 

Droppings  of  large  numbers  of  names  from  the  pension  rolls  for  various  causes  is 
not  a  recent  practice  peculiar  to  the  present  administration,  but  has  been  occasioned 
ewry  year  through  all  administrations,^  Republican  and  Democratic  alike.  During 
the  year  ending  June  30,  1881,  Commissioner  Dudley  dropped  from  the  rolls  for  all 
causes  including  deaths,  10,712  names  when  the  pension  roll  was  only  $50,000,0)0 
annually.  In  1882,  he  dropped  11,446,  when  the  roll  was  $54,000,000.  In  1883,  he 
dropped  20,997,  when  tlie  roll  was  $60,000,000. 

In  1889,  Commissioner  Raum  dropped  16,507,  when  the  roll  was  $89,000,000. 
In  1890,  he  dropped  20,319,  when  the  roll  was  $106,000,000.  In  1891  he  dropped 
20,525,  when  the  roll  vsas  $118,000,000.  I#  1892  he  dropped  25,303,  when  the  roll 
was  $141,000,000.  In  1893,  Commissioner  Lochren  dropped  from  the  rolls  on 
account  of  death,  remarriage,  legal  limitation  of  minors,  failure  to  claim  pension, 
and  for  all  other  causes  33,690,  4,095  of  whom  were  foreigners  dropped  under  the 
act  of  March  1,  1893,  (approved  by  a  Republican  President,)  leaving  29,595  as  the 
total  number  otherwise  dropped,  2,296  of  whom  were  dropped  m  dnly  fo  ■  fraud 
and  excessive  lating  under  Order  164,  when  the  roll  contained  the  names  of  966,012 
pensioners,  who  received  $158,800,437.35. 

DISCRIMINATIONS   IN   FAVOR   OF   NEW   LAW   AND   AGAINST  OLD   LAW   CLAIMANTS. 

Three  hundred  and  seventy-  even  thousand  two  hundred  and  three  invalid  re- 
ceived pension  under  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  and  only  365,403  under  former  laws. 
82,132  invalids  and  72,482  widows  receive  $8  p^r  month  under  the  act  of  June  27, 
1890,  while  only  63,790  of  these  two  classes  (invalids  and  widows)  receive  this 
amount  under  the  general  law.  214,379  recaive  $12  p3r  month  under  the  act  of 
Jime  27,  1890,  while  only  151,660  receive  this^imount  under  the  general  law.  A 
contemplation  of  these  and  foregoing  facts  shows  that  if  dhe  justice  and  usefulne  s 
of  any  system  for  the  bestowal  of  pensions  depend  upon  the  uniformity  of  its 
operation  that  the  Republican  administration  has  fallen  woefully  short  of  a  proper 
a  ^pr  jciation  of  the  beneficent  design  underlying  the  pension  system  in  discrimi- 
nating a  gainst  pai-ticular  localities,  for  partisan  ends,  and  against  the  wounded  or 
invalid  soldiers  whose  disabilities  were  incurred  in  the  service  and  line  of  duty,  or 
are  directly  traceable  thereto,  and  in  favor  of  a  less  worthy  class. 

UNEQUAL  AND   UNFAIR   RATINGS  RESULTING   FROM   LAX   PRACTICES     OF   REPUBLICAN   AD- 
MINISTRATIONS. 

Prior  to  Decemb3r  4,  1891,  the  rate  for  loss  of  sight  of  an  eye  was  $8  per  month. 
Those  placed  on  the  ro:is  prior  to  ,this  time,  under  tin  act  of  June  27,  1890  for  loss 
of  sight  of  an  eye  are  receiving  $8  per  month  while  those  placed  on  the  rolls  since 
that  date  were  given  $8  per  month  to  December  4,  1891,  and  $12  ther.^after. 

The  same  incongruities  prevail  in  the  ratings  in  regard  to  hernias,  deafness,  etc. 
There  are,  therefore,  now  on  the  pension  roll  two  sets  of  pensioners  under  both  the 
new  and  t;he  old  law,  the  former  reciving  one  rate  of  pension  and  the  latter  a  differ- 
ent rate  for  the  same  disability. 

Under  ruling  249  (Xovemb3r  2,  1892),  when  the  change  of  time  of  reluction  of 
rates  for  some  degrees  of  deafness  was  made,  there  were  added  to  the  schedule  sev- 
eral minor  degrees  of  deafness,  so  that  now  it  is  possible  for  all  who  heretofore  (prior 
to  the  issuing  of  Order  257,  February  28,  1894, )  had  their  pensions  for  deafness 


182  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

allowed  from  the  date  when  first  shown  in  a  ratable  degree  under  the  then  existing 
schedule  to  get  a  rerating  and  arrearages  of  from  $1  to  $2  per  month  from  date  of 
discharge,  if  claim  was  filed  prior  to  July  1, 1880,  or  from  date  of  filing  in  those  filtd 
on  or  subsequent  to  July  1,  1880,  to  the  date  when  under  the  former  schedule  and 
practice  of  the  office  the  disability  was  shown  in  a  ratable  degree  by  a  medical  ex- 
amination. 

These  glaring  inequalities  and  discriminations,  due  to  the  mischievous  practices 
of  the  Republican  administration,  have  been  corrected  by  the  Democratic  Secretary 
and  Commissioner  as  far  as  possible  in  the  brief  period  they  have  been  in  power  by 
Order  257,  above  referred  to.  Another  vicious  practice,  which  seems  to  have  been 
devised  for  the  benefit  of  pension  attorneys  exclusively,  was  the  issuance  of  a  cer- 
tain kind  of  certificate  called  "supplemqjitary  certificate,"  which  often  had  tl.e  effect 
of  giving  the  attorney  two  fees  when  the  amount  allowed  the  claimant  was  scarcely 
sufficient  to  pay  these  fees. 

And  another  was  the  allowance  of  certain  restorations  for  disabilities  shown  to 
have  long  since  eeased  to  exist,  and  still  another,  the  Bureau  informing  the  claim- 
ant that  the  disability  for  which  he  claims  did  not  exist,  but  others  did,  for  which 
he  was  required  to  send  up  an  application,  upon  which  pension  was  promptly  al- 
lowed. 

"sympathetic  affidavits." 

Sympathetic  affidavits  are  responsible  for  much  of  the  evil  that  has  arisen  in  the  ' 
administration  of  the  pension  laws.  These  machine  affidavits,  written  by  the  claim- 
ant or  his  attorney,  have  been  placed  before  comrades  or  neighbors  who  oftentimes, 
without  reading  them,  signed  them  and  they  were  filed  in  pension  claims.  This 
evil  has  been  corrected  by  Commissioner  Lochren's  Order  No.  229,  which  requires 
that  affiants  shall  have  personal  knowledge  of  the  matters  to  which  they  testify  in 
accordance  with  law.  * 

LARGE    APPROPRIATIONS    FOR    PENSIONS, 

The  Appropriations  Committee  of  the  Fifty-sec(^id  Congress  appropriated  in  all 
$323,800,437.  During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  76,946  claims  were  filed 
under  all  laws,  and  80,213  claims  were  allowed.  At  the  close  of  business  June  30, 
1894,  619,027  claims  of  all  classes  were  pending,  and  the  total  number  of  pensioners 
on  the  rolls  was  969,544.  Of  these  375,084  are  invalids  under  the  new  law,  and 
362,274  under  the  old. 

In  1891,  the  first  year  after  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June  27,  1890,  under  Ordei 
164,  138,21(5  names  were  added  to  the  rolls;  the  next  year  there  was  an  increase  of 
61,692;  the  next  year  there  was  a  remarkable  falling  off,  and  only  89,944,  less  than 
half  the  number  of  the  preceding  year,  were  added  to  the  rolls.  If  this  ratio  were 
continued  it  is  apparent  that  the  number  added  to  the  rolls  will  in  a  short  while 
not  greatly  exceed  the  number  dropped  on  account  of  death  and  other  causes.  As 
has  been  heretofore  stated,  after  the  rescinding  of  Order  164  by  the  Weike  decision 
of  January  7,  1893,  under  the  Republican  ^idministration,  allowances  fell  from  78  3-10 
per  cent  of  all  claims  examined  to  33!  per  cent,  less  than  half  the  rate  at  which 
they  were  allowed  immediately  prior  ther^-to. 

During  the  last  administration,  after  the  passage  of  tlie  act  of  .June  27,  1890,  word 
was  passed  round  that  at  least  1,000  certificates  a  day  must  be  turned  out,  leaving 
out  of  couhideration  a  large  number  of  other  cases  which  must  be  handled — rejected 
or  otherwise  passed  upon. 

9 


THE    FRIEND    OF    THE   SOLDIER. 


183 


Some  idea  mav  be  gleaned  of  the  manner  in  which  medical  and  legal  opinions 
,nd  decisions  were  rendered  in  cases  which  in  some  instances  involve  thousands  of 
lollars,  from  the  fact  that  a  single  examiner  passed  upon  2,400  cases  in  a  single 
Qonth',  giving  an  average  of  less  than  four  minutes  to  each  case.  The  impossibility 
)f  rendering  intelligent  decisions  at  such  a  rate  is  evident,  when  it  is  reflected  that 
.he  examiner  is  supposed  to  carefully  read  the  application  for  pension,  the  evidence 
rearing  upon  it,  closely  scrutinize  the  certificate  of  physical  examination,  and  after 
larefuUy  weighing  the  testimony  make  up  his  judgment  and  endorse  the  same  upon 
,he  face  brief. 

When  Commissioner  Lochren  assumed  charge  of  the  Pension  Bureau,  it  was  soon 
ipparentto  him  that  under  this  " thousand-a-day"  pressure,  the  requirements  of 
ihe  law  were  being  ignored,  and  thousands  of  cases  allowed  which,  when  they  were 
oeing  considered,  contained  but  three  papers— claimant's  application,  his  own  state- 
ment of  the  case;  what  is.known  in  office  nomenclature  as  the  "  canary-slip,"  con- 
taining the  date  of  his  entering  the  service  and  leaving  it  merely,  not  saying  any- 
thing about  whether  he  was  honorably  or  dishonorably  discharged,  either  by  sen- 
tence of  court-martial  or  desertion  ;  and  the  certificate  of  physical  examination. 
Upon  these  three  papers  alone  tens  of  thousands  of  names  were  put  upon  the  rolls 
with  no  right  to  be  there,  and  under  pretense  of  law  the  revenues  of  the  Government 
were  given  away. 

An  idea  of  the  mischief  wrought  by  these  skeleton  "  canary -slips  '  may  be  ob- 
tained from  an  examination  of  the  case  of  certificate  No.  680, 869.  The  first '  'canary- 
slip  "  report  in  this  case  gave  95  days'  service.  The  s  'cond,  a  full  report,  gave  30 
days'  service  only.  The  soldier  was  pensioned  on  the  first  report  at  $12  per  month, 
and  this  is  but  one  of  a  large  number  of  the  same  character.  The  first  "  cana-y- 
slip"  reportsof  the  War  Department  indicated  that  the  fifth  and  sixth  Delaware 
regiments  served  from  November,  1862,  to  August,  1863.  Quite  a  large  number  of 
claims  were  allowed  to  these  persons.  April  8,  1891,  the  War  Department,  how- 
ever, informed  thi  bureau,  in  a  general  letter,  that  none  of  the  men  of  the  fifth 
and  sixth  Delaware  volunteers  served  90  days  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  inas- 
much as  General  Schenk  did  not  call  them  into  actual  service  prior  to  June,  1863, 

SPECIAL  CASES. 

Oneof  the  most  crying  abuses  of  the  Tanner-Raum  regime  was  the  making  of 
claims  "  special  "  at  the  behest  of  claim  agents  and  politicians.  It  meant  the  tak- 
ing up  of  a  case  out  of  its  turn,  regardless  of  the  date  of  filing,  discriminating 
against  all  other  cases,  delaving  meritorious  claims,  and  very  often  it  meant  allow- 
ing them  upon  very  meagre  evidence  if  the  pressure  behind  them  was  strong 
enough.  It  was  a  notorious  fact  that  during  the  Republican  administration  a  claim 
agent,  who  had  placed  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  under  financial  obligations, 
had  no  less  than  50  of  such  cases  called  up  and  made  special  in  a  single  day,  and 
the  private  secretarv  of  this  Commissioner  had  a  rubber  special  stamp  made,  the 
better  to  accommodate  this  obliging  attorney.  When  this  private  secretary  was 
turned  out  of  r.ffice  there  were  found  in  his  desk  no  less  than  2,000  reference  slips 
of  the  pension  attorney  heretofore  referred  to,  all  of  which  had  been  marked  "  spe- 
cial," the  intention  being  to  rush  those  2,000  cases  through  the  office  in  an  irregu- 
lar and  unlawful  manner. 

From  July  1,  1890,  to  July  1,  1892,  during  which  a  record  of  these  cases  was 
kept,  Raum  had  13,578  of  these  cases  made  special.     The  feeling  was  general  that 


184  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK, 

certain  persons  could  get  pension;?  by  irregular  means,  while  others  with  meritorious 
claims  had  to  wait.  So  bold  had  they  become  that  the  Republican  pension  agent 
at  Topeka,  Kansas,  said  in  a  campaign  speech,  at  a  meeting  of  old  soldiers  in  the 
fall  of  1892,  that  "  if  they  (the  soldiers)  voted  the  Populist  ticket  they  would  ] 
their  pensions,  and  they  ought  to  do  so." 

I'EXSION   OEFICE   CLERKS   RERATiNG    THEIR   OWX    PENSIONS. 

Pension  office  clerks  rerated  their  own  pensions,  and  Commissioner  Lochren,  on 
assuming  the  duties  of  his  position,  discovered  that  muny  of  the  employees  of  the 
bureau,  whose  pensions  were  increased  and  rerated  by  th-^ir  fellow-clerks  during 
Corpoi-al  Tanner's  regime,  and  without  any  warrant  of  law,  had  never  had  their 
pensions  reduced,  and  the  orders  requiring  such  reduction  were  pigeon-holed  by 
Tanner  and  Eaum. 

So  great  was  the  scandal  caused  by  this  collusion  that  many  of  the  clerks  who 
had  no  political  "pull"  were  disuiis-ed  "upon  con  ideration  appertaining  to  a 
correct  public  service,"  and  Hiram  Smith,  Jr.,  Republican  first  deputy  com  nis- 
sioner,  who  had  his  own  pension  rerated  in  violation  of  law,  resigned  "  in  compli- 
ance with  request." 

WJIOLESALE    FRAUDS. 

(  Vide  Stateinen's  of  Former  Rcpahllcan  Comin'ssloners  R'lath-e  to  Fran  Is,  etc.,  p.  12.) 

First  in  point  of  numbers  come  what  are  known  as  the  W.  Bowen  Moore  cases, 
Buffalo,  New  York.  It  has  been  shown  that  many  of  the  affidavits  filed  by  him 
were  not  sworn  to  and  others  were  materially  added  to.  About  6,000  of  his  cases 
have  been  submitted  for  investigation.  Out  of  229  of  these  cases  137  declarations 
were  filed  which  are  entirely  invalid  ;  87  affidavits  were  found  false  in  fact;  456 
false  in  execution  and  in  fact ;  527  false  in  execution,  making  a  total  ot  1,070  false 
and  fraudulent  papers.  $10,498  would  be  due  up  to  date  on  the  inva'id  declara- 
tions in  pending  claims.  |19,415  have  been  paid  out  to  date  on  illegal  declarations, 
and  $13,169  paid  out  in  claims  shown  to  be  wholly  without  merit.  $22,495  have 
been  saved  from  claims  which  would  have  been  allowed,  had  not  the  investigation 
been  instituted,  and  $2,203  in  illegal  fees  have  been  collected  by  3Ioore  in  claims  in 
which  he  was  the  attorney.  This  gives  a  total  of  $6'3,577,  which  has  been  illegally 
paid  out  in  consequence  of  these  frauds. 

Second,  New  Mexico  cases.  About  1,700  of  these  cases  are  under  investigation. 
One  Marcellino,  notary  public  and  pension  attorney,  manufactured  claimants  as 
well  as  evidence  to  support  claims.  He  forged  signatures  and  endorsements  to 
checks  and  vouchers,  conrerted  the  money  to  his  own  use,  plead  guilty  on  27  counts^ 
and  is  now  undergoing  a  seven  years'  sentence.  Out  of  240  of  these  New  Mexico 
claims,  t  m  were  found  to  be  deserters,  44  were  never  on  the  muster  rolls,  eight  had 
no  service,  two  were  never  discharged,  one  was  cashiered,  making  65  in  all,  and  43 
per  ct-nt  showed  tieatiuent  iu  the  sarvice  for  venereal  disease.  The  amount  of 
actual  saving  in  these  New  ^Mexican  cases  is  $1,130,259.06,  and  the  future  annual 
saving  will  exceed  another  million. 

Third,  Indian  Territory  cases.  About  1,400  have  been  referred  for  investigation. 
In  these  cases  an  untutored  child  of  the  forest  (a  Creek  Indian)  Thomas  Deer,  by 
manufacturing  declarations  and  affidavits  by  the  wholesale,  defrauded  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  out  of  tens  of  thousands  of  dollars. 

Fourth,  Van  Leuven  of  Iowa  ca.se.s.     About   1,200  in   number.     It  was  part  of 


THE    FRIEND    OF    THE    SOLDIER.  185- 

Van  Leaven's  plan  to  corrupt  boards  of  examining  surgeons,  and  he  was  able  to 
have  such  examinations  aiid  ratings  as  he  desired,  and  even  had  tliJ  original  certi- 
ficates of  the  examining  board  submitted  to  him  before  they  wero  sent  to  the  Pen- 
sion Bureau. 

Fifth,  Norfolk,  Va.,  c.ises,  of  which  there  are  about  550,  filed  mostly  by  W. 
R.  Drury,  at  present  serving  a  term  of  imprisonment,  and  who  manufactured  alike 
claimants,  declarations  and  evidence.  In  167  of  his  cases  recommended  to  be 
dropped  from  the  roll  there  were  paid  to  the  pensioners  under  the  act  of  June  27, 
1890,  the  sum  of  $54,074.43,  and  the  future  saving  will  be  about  $343,260.39.  In- 
cluding all  cases  in  which  Drury  figured  it  is  estimated  that  the  Governmeut  has 
been  robbed  to  the  extent  of  at  least  $650,000. 

«  In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  to  show  the  universality  of  these  fraudulent  practice.-, 
there  have  been  referred  for  investigation  about  300  cases,  in  which  one  C.  W. 
Lewis,  of  Tennessee,  has  violated  many  of  the  pension  laws,  and  who  is  now  serving 
an  extended  term  in  the  penitentiary. 

About  100  claims  filed  by  T.  A.  Dunlap,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  which  many 
frauds  have  been  found,  and  nearly  800  claims  of  persons  residing  in  various  por- 
tions of  Louisiana,  in  which  frauds  have  been  discovered.  Scarcely  a  day  passes 
but  that  the  name  of  some  person  is  reported  to  the  Bureau  as  having  been  guilty 
of  a  violation  of  the  penal  statutes. 

THE    KEPOBLICAX    RECORD. 

Under  the  act  of  Jun_-  27.  1890— 

Numbe  less  names  were  put  upon  the  pension  roll  regardless  of  the  requirement, 
of  at  least  90  days'  service. 

Dishonorably  discharged  soldiers  and  bounty-jumpers  were  pensioned. 

Many  who  draw  the  maximum  amount  ($12  per  month)  are  earning  a  living  at 
manual  labor  as  they  have  always  done,  and  some  are  ra  ed  the  richest  men  in  the 
towns  in  which  they  live. 

Pension  jumpers  of  both  sexes  have  been  allowed  two  or  more  pensions. 

Under  Order  164,  inability  to  perform  manual  labor  vva^  never  taken  into  consid- 
eration, and  in.  consequence  more  than  100,000  pensioners,  with  no  legal  right, 
were  put  upon. the  rolls,  anl  the  Treasury  depleted  in  the  soldier's  name. 

Many  of  the  leist  meritorious  claims  under  this  act  of  those  who  were  soldiers 
only  in  name  were  preferred  to  the  crippled  heroes  whose  claims  under  the  general 
laws  re  nained  unsettled.  Though  only  three  years  in  operation  more  pensioners 
are  receiving  $8  or  $12  per  month  under  tliis  law  than  under  all  former  laws.  Jn 
somg  cities  the  number  of  pen  loners  under  this  act  is  as  large  as  the  number  who 
draw  under  all  acts  enacted  during  the  previous  twenty-five  years. 

Under  the  last  Admin  stration^ 

Republican  clerks  and  officials  high  in  the  Pension  Bureau  rerated  their  own 
pensio^is,  filching  thousands  of  dollars  from  tlie  Treasury. 

A  Republican  Commissioner  (Tanner)  declared  it  to  be  his  intention  to  raid  the 
pubhc  Treasury  with  "steam-shovel  and  gravel-tra  n,"  and  "  God  help  the  surplus 
when  he  got  up  steam  enough." 

Public  pla>e  in  the  Pension  Office  was  given  lor  bribe. 

Orders  149  and  151,  known  as  the  "Completed  Files"  orders,  it  was  openly 
charged,  were  issued  at  the  instance  of  George  E.  I^mon,  a  millionaire  Washington 
claim  agent. 


186  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

All  sorts  of  incongnious  ratings  grew  out  of  lax  procedure  and  those  with  like 
disabilities  received  different  ratings. 

^lac'hinery  was  made  accessible  to  pension  attorneys  for  procuring  discharges  for 
men  who  left  their  companies  and  went  to  Canada  during  the  war. 

The  Pension  Office  was  used  for  partisan  plirposes.  It  was  called  upon  to  help 
the  Republican  party  to  power  by  granting  pensions  as  fast  as  possible  in  doubtful 
States  and  districts. 

Pensions  were  promised  for  votes,  and  pensioners  threatened  if  they  did  not  vote 
the  Republican  ticket. 

Cases  by  the  thousand  were  made  special  for  certain  pension  attorneys,  and 
often  allowed  upon  insufficient  testimony,  while  no  attention  was  paid  to  the  poor 
soldiers  who  were  gating  small  pensions  for  woun  's  or  diseases  actually  incurred* 
in  the  seivice.  Because  they  had  no  "pull  "  they  could  not  get  a  hearing  under 
Tanner  or  Raum.  In  open  violation  of  the  law  employees  of  the  Pension  Office 
wei'e  put  upon  the  track  of  certain  Democratic  members  of  Congress,  in  ord_*r,  if 
possible,  to  encompass  their  defeat  at  the  polls. 

Tins  is  the  RepuhUcan  record. 

CONXLUSIOX. 

When  the  Democratic  administration  took  charge  of  the  Bureau  of  Pens'ons  it 
was  resolved  to  inaugurate  an  era  of  administrative  reform  to  the  end  that  (1)  there 
shall  be  equality  and  not  discrimination  as  to  the  meritorious  soldiers  in  the  measure 
of  the  ration's  bounty;  that  their  cases,  long  in  the  pigeon-holes  of  the  Pension 
Office  under  the  Republican  party's  control,  shall  have  been  disposed  of  and  the 
least  expensive  and  most  expeditious  mode  to  obtain  a  certificate  vouchsafed  them; 
(2)  that  the  name  of  every  pen^oner  on  the  pension  roll  to  whom  pensions  should 
not  be  granted  who  have  been  placed  thereon  because  of  fraud,  crime,  error,  or 
laxity,  shall,  without  hazar  ing  the  just  rights  of  others,  be  !-tricken  therefr  )m. 

The  pension  roll  was  purged,  and  distinction  made  between  brave  men  who 
loyadv  served  their  country  and  those  who  skulked. 

Corrupt  examining  boards  and  attorneys  were  punished,  machine  affidavits  were 
put  an  end  to.  »There  will  be  no  more  wholesale  making  of  cLii  ns  special  in  the 
interest  of  a  favored  pension  attorney.  Peculation  in  every  form  will  be  put  a  stop 
to.  The  "  completed  files " '  was  discontinued.  Claim  agents  frequently  reported 
cases  complete  where  the  necessary  ev  dence  had  not  been  filed,  retarding  the 
work  of  the  Bureau — one  of  two  things  had  to  be  done,  either  settle  claims  finally 
when  the  agents  said  they  were  complete,  rejecting  those  where  evid  nee  was 
lacking,  as  would  be  done  in  a  case  at  law  called  for  tri  1,  or  abolish  the  system 
altogether;  the  latter  course  was  considered  more  favorable  to  the  claimant — a  salu- 
tary reform. 

The  making  out  of  "  s'atisbic  1  cards"  has  been  (is  continued,  and  fifty-  wo 
clerks,  formerly  employed  upon  this  unnecessary  work,  were  put  upon  the  legiti- 
mate work  of  the  office — adjudicating  claims. 

The  "  canary -slip  "  form  of  report  from  the  War  Department  has  been  done  away 
with,  and  in  its  stead  a  proper  military  histury  of  the  soldier  must  be  given.  Pre- 
cedence is  no  longer  given  to  cases  i;nder  the  act  of  June  27,  ISVIO,  but  claims  for 
pension  under  all  laws  are  settled  in  their  order  in  accordance  with  the  law  and  the 
evidence. 

A  majority  of  the  cases  where  the  claim  has  been  rejected  since  the  advent  of  the 
Democratic  administration  are  cases  which  were  in  the  office  before  its  advent,  and 


THE    FRIEND    OF    THE    SOLDIER.  187 

had  been  neglected  by  the  preceding  administration  in  the  hurry  and  skirrry  of 
skinning  out  the  files,  selecting  cases  easiest  adjudicated  before  the  Democratic  ad- 
ministration came  in. 

This  in  brief  is  the  Demoeaatic  record,  upon  which  it  is  proposed  to  appeal  to  the 
duty  soldier,  who  fought  the  battles  of  his  country,  has  a  record  to  be  proud  of,  and 
courts  investigation,  that  it  might  go  down  to  future  generations  of  his  countrymen 
that  he  was  a  REAL  so  d  er. 

Fraudulent  pensioners  can  be  relied  upon  to  support  the  party  that  would  shield 
tliem  from  investigation  and  exposure,  and  above  alf  from  the  danger  of  losing  the 
gains  of  their  perfidy. 

It  is  believed  that  the  time  has  come  when  the  real  soldiers  and  taxpayers  of  the 
land  will  sustain  the  men  whose  courage  and  honesty  .impelled  them  to  the  patriotic 
efibrt  to  save  the  pension  roll  from  dishonor  and  the  taxpayer  from  pillage. 


188  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


The  Danj^ers  of  Popnlism. 


OF 

HO^.  JAMES  P.  PIGOTT, 

OF  CONNECTICUT, 

IN   THE   HOUSE   OF   REPRESENTATIVES, 
Monday,  August  13,  1894. 

Mr.  Speaker,  the  high-water  mark  of  profligacy  was  reached  by  the  Republicin  par- 
ty during  the  last  Administration,  when  Government  appropriations  exceeded  a  bil- 
hon  of  dollars  for  a  Congress,  when  a  tariff  bill  was  passed  upon  the  avowed  principle 
of  revenue  for  monopolies  only,  and  a  desperate  attempt  was  made  to  pei-petuate  the 
spoilers  in  power  through  the  instrumentality  of  a  Federal  election  law  and  a  Con- 
gressional returning  board.  In  the  last  year  of  its.existence  the  Fiftj'-first  Congress 
appropriated  an  amount  exceeding  §)o20,'000,000,  and  the  registrar  of  the  decrees  of 
the  trust  and  monopolies,  whose  name  was  properly  given  to  the  McKinley  bill, 
vauntingly  exclaimed  that  expenditures  would  increase,  for  this  was  a  "billion- 
dollar  country." 

Now,  notwithstanding  the  large  increase  for  pensions,  postal  deficiencies,  and 
other  necessary  expenditures,  including  a  very  large  amount  for  rivers  and  harbors, 
the  appropriations  made  by  the  present  Congress  are  some  $40,000,000  less  than 
those  of  the  last  year  of  the  late  Republican  Congress,  $29,000,000  below  those  of 
the  last  session  of  the  Fifty-second  Congress,  and  by  legislative  reforms  having  the 
sanction  and  act  ve  co-operation  of  the  Kxecirtive  Departments,  once  more  in  the 
hands  of  Democratic  officials,  still  further  reductions  will  be  made,  while  at  the 
same  time  the  public  service  will  be  imp! oved. 

******* 

We  have  returned  once  more,  as  I  have  shown,  to  the  good  old  Democratic  policy 
of  economy  in  expenditures,  a  policy  enunciated  in  the  first  D  raocratic  platform 
adopted  in  a  national  convention,  and  adliL-red  to  under  all  circumstances.  It  is, 
indeed,  a  fundamental  Democratic  principle,  as  much  so  as  home  rule,  taxation  for 
revenue,  strict  construction  of  the  powers  granted  in  the  Constitution,  or  any  of  the 
*  great  pillars  upon  which  Jefferson  founded  the  only  political  party  that  was  born 
with  the  Constitu  ion  and  continued  its  existence  to  the  ])re.sen"t  time,  renewing 
its  youth  in  the  fountain  of  the  people's  welfare  as  new  problems  are  proposed  for 
solution. 

Sir,  as  we  reflect  upon  the  history  of  our  country  since  the  close  of  the  civil  war 
we  have  good  reason  for  concluding  that  the  people  have  pronduncrd  finally  against 
the  kind  of  paternal  goverimi  nt  that  culiniuated  in  tlie  McKinley  tarill'  and  the 
fraud  and  furce  bill.  But,  sir,  we  are  now  confronted  with  paternalism  in  a  more 
insidio  s  form. 

Taking  opportunity  of  the  distressed  condition  into  which  Republican  policy  has 
plunged  the  country,  thi-  attempt  is  made  to  drive  the  people  from  the  support  of 
t:ie  only  people's  party — the  Democratic  party — and  array  them  under  the  banners 
of  pateinalism,  under  a  new  name  and  under  a  new  form.  AVhat  do  the  people 
want?     Is  it  economy  in  Government  expenditures?    They  will  secure  that  tinder 


DANGERS   OF    POPULISM. 


189 


,he  banner  of  the  Democratic  party.  Is  it  low  taxes?  That  too,  is  one  ot  the 
uoudest  purposes  of  the  Democracy.  Is  it  home  rule  ?  Where  ese  will  they  fimi 
texceptunder  Democratic  government?  Is  it  sound  money?  The  Democratic 
jartv  ha«  always  stood  for  sound  money— gold  and  silver  com— since  the  day  ot  its 
Dirth  These  are  really  what  the  people  want,  but  ihe  leaders  who  have  inaugu- 
-ated  the  so-called  PopuHst  party  propose  to  conduct  them  into  no  such  pastures, 
rheir  idea  of  government  is  paternalism  of  the  worst  kind.  Every  public  ill,  im- 
iginary  or  real,  is  to  be  cured  by  some  patent  legislation.  Money  is  to  be  printed, 
not  coined,  and  distributed,  not  earned.  .       .,       ,        ,  .       *      ^     / 

Government,  which  is  supposed  to  have  been  instituted  under  our  system  to  at-  / 
t^nd  to  public  aftairs  and  leav,'  the  people  free  to  attend  to  their  own,  is  to  be  called/' 
nnon  to  ineddle  with  private  rights,  and  we  are  to  be  forced  mto  an  unwilling  part- 
nership between  the  individuals  and  the  Government,  which  would  end  in  bank- 
ruDtcv  before  the  close  of  a  brief  session  of  the  American  Congress,  io  show  that 
I  do  not  exac^gerate,  ]Mr.  Speaker,  let  me  call  attention  to  some  of  the  many  meas- 
ure* introduced  into  Congress  by  Populist  Senators  and  Representatives,  some  ot 
which  if  enacted,  would  change  our  Cons  itutional  Government  into  a  social  des- 
potism', and  others  would  require  the  expenditure  of  more  than  four  times  the  sum 
of  the  coined  money  of  tlie  world.  i  •    xi     o       t 

Herewith  I  present  a  synopsis  of  some  of  the  schemes  proposed  m  the  Senate  or 
the  House  by  Populist  members : 

NEW  WAY  TO    PAY  OLD  DEBTS. 

•Eenre^entative  Davis  of  Kansas,  in  his  bill  No.  3436,  has  devised  a  plan  which 
amounts"  to  a  new  way  to  p  ly  old  debts.  Under  its  provisions  any  defaulting 
mort^a^e  debtor  is  declared  a  bankrupt  and  his  creditor  cannot  collect  the  debt  due 
him°except  from  the  United  States,  in  the  following  manner:  The  mortgage 
debtor  i*  to  procure  on  ab-tract  of  title  and  certificate  of  value  of  land  and  im- 
Drovements  from  the  register  of  deeds  of  the  county,  upon  presentation  of  whicli 
to  th-  county  treasur  r,  the  latter  official  is  to  draw  on  the  Treasurer  ot  the  Lnited 
States  for  the  amAint  due,  including  official  fees,  and  when  paid  shall  constitut^  a 
lien  upon  the  property,  the  county  record  to  be  marked  Settled  by  the  Lnited 
States  Government,"  and  the  debtor  to  be  allowed  twenty  years  to  pay,  the  annual 
inte  est  charge  being  but  1  per  cent.  ,       ,  ^      ,  i.   u 

To  provide  the  funds  necessary  for  the  purposes  ot  the  act,  legal  tenders  are  to  be 
printed  and  issued  from  time  to  time  as  required .  The  above  to  be  the  only  method 
bv  which  a  mortgagee  can  collect  his  debt,  until  such  time  as  the  aggregate  circula- 
tion of  lawful  monev  of  the  United  States  shall  reach,  and  as  long  as  it  shall  con- 
tinue at  S50  per  capita  of  population  (say  at  the  present  time  three  and  a  third 
bilhons  of  dollars)  not  counting  lawful  reserves  in  banks  and  other  fixed  and  non- 
circulating  deposits  required  by  law. 

LOANS   TO   STATES. 

To  provide  the  several  States  with  monev  to  make  improvements,  loan  money  to 
counties,  municipalities,  and  needy  individuals.  Representative  Clover  of  Kansas 
proposed  in  his  bill  6254  (Fifty-second  Congress)  to  issue  legal  tenders  to  any  State 
filing  bonds  with  the  Treasurer,  payable  at  tliQ  option  of  the  State,  bearing  interest; 
at  2.f  per  cent,  and  in  any  sum  not  exceeding  50  per  cent  of  the  assessed  value  ot 
the  taxable  property  of  the  State  making  application. 

MUNICIPAL   LOAN    BILL. 

Ex-^e preventative  Clover  of  Kansas  believes  the  United  States  Government 
should  help  all  cities,  and  to  do  this  proposed  in  House  bill  3999,  Fifty-second  Con- 
gress to  loan  money  to  all  cities  and  municipalities  not  exceeding  $oO,000  to  any 
Sue  municipality,  and  provided  no  issue  shall  be  made  to  any  one  municipality  in 
excess  of  20  per  cent  of  the  assessed  value  of  its  taxable  property,  for  not  exceeding 
aperiod  of  50  vears,  and  at  2A  per  cent  per  annum. 

To  provide  money  to  make  these^loans  legal-tender  Treasury  notes  are  to  be 
printed  by  the  Treasury  Department. 


190  DEMOCRATIC     CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

LOAN   BUKEAU. 

Senator  Peffer,  Populist  Senator  from  Kansas,  introiuced  into  the  Senate  a  bill 
(S.  976)  "to  establish  a  bureau  of  loans,"  with  a  central  agency  in  each  State,  Ter- 
ritory, and  district,  and  local  agents  wherever  required,  with  discretion  to  loan  to 
each'  individual  oflering  real  estate  security  not  exceeding  160  acres,  and  who 
lias  a  house  thereo:i  which  is  mortgaged,  or  who  not  having  such  house  desires  to 
build  one,  not  exceeding  §2,503  to  any  one  Individual,  for  not  exceeding  ten  years 
with  stays  of  foreclosure  proceedings  that  extend  the  peri.id  to  flftesn  years  ;  also 
establishes  loan  agencies  in  places  having  public  store-houses,  to  loan  to  individuals 
having  store-housa  certificates  not  exceeding  two-thirds  of  the  face  valu?  of  the  same. 

To  provide  immediate  means  to  carry  out  this  law  about  $70  ),0)0, 00  J  of  paper 
money,  full  legal  tender,  is  to  be  iss  led  at  once,  and  when  tint  is  disposed  of  the 
balance  of  the  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  is  to  be  used  from 
time  to  time. 

Somewhat  similar  is  the  loan  bill  of  Representative  Simpson  (H.  R.  5073,  Fifty - 
second  Congress),  which  provides  for  loans  upon  land  in  tracts  of  not  less  than  10 
nor  more  than  320  acres,  of  not  exceeding  ten  years  at  2  per  cent  per  ann.im.  A 
buremof  loans  is  constituted,  with  an  agency  in  each  State  and  a  sub-agent  in 
each  Congressional  district.  Legal  tenders  are  to  be  issued  fast  enough  to  meet  the 
demands. 

LOAN    BANK. 

Representative  Ke.m  of  Nebraska  introduced  int:)  the  House  a  bill  (H.  R.  5446) 
to  establish  a  system  of  Government  banking,  under  which  there  can  be  one  Gov- 
ernment bank  in  ea^h  county,  managed  by  dire  tors  varying  in  salary  from  $2,00) 
to  $4,000  per  annum,  at  whose  direction  money  may  be  loaned  to  "individuals  in 
sums  not  exceeding  |3,000,  and  if  on  real  estate  security  for  a  term  not  exceeding 
twenty  years  ;  if  on  note  for  not  exceeding  on^  y  ar.  To  procu-e  money  to  mak-e 
the  loans,  the  United  States  is  to  issue  legal  tenders,  variously  estimated  in  imount, 
at  from  one  billion  to  one  billion  and  a  quarter  of  dollars  ;  also  deposits  to  be  received 
on  which  interest  of  3  per  cent  is  to  be  paid,  and  said  deposits  tc^be  loaned  out  as 
above.     All  gold  and  silver  certificates  are  to  be  redeemed  in  legal  tenders. 

In  histhree  bills  (H.  R.  6660,  100D9,  an  1  10105),  Fifty-second  C  mgress.  Repre- 
sentative "Watson  shows  the  capabilities  of  the  Government  to  manage  all  the  affairs 
of  the  people  and  manufacture  many  b  llions  of  dollars  of  piper  money  to  float  both 
crops  and  mortgages.  House  bill  (3660  provides  for  the  establis'iment  of  a  sub- 
treasury  in  every  county,  and  the  construction  of  subtreasurybaildings  upon  county 
sites  to  be  chosen  by  the  citizens  of  the  respective  counties,  who  shall  also  elect  the 
manager  of  such  subtreasury,  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  $1,503  per  year.  The 
owner  of  any  cotton,  wheat,  corn,  or  oats,  or  tob  icco  can  deposit  his  produce  in  the 
nearest  subtreasury  for  safe  keeping  and  receive  in  greenbacks  80  per  cent  of  the 
value  the  local  county  ujanager  shall  place  upon  it,  and  alsoaneg  itiable  warehousi' 
certificate  bearing  1  per  cent  per  annum  interest,  upon  the  surrender  of  which  and 
paying  loan,  the  holder  receives  back  produce  of  the  same  kind  and  value.  To  start 
the  wheels  of  this  many-million-dollar  project,  fifty  millions  of  greenbacks  are  to 
be  printed  at  once. 

By  bill  10099  ^Ir.  Watson  proposed  the  appointment  of  a  national  grain  inspector 
with  a  salary  of  $10,000  a  year  who  shall  appoint  an  inspector  for  each  State  at  a 
salary  of  $5,000  per  year,  who  in  turn  shall  appoint  local  inspectors  for  each  county, 
or  parish,  or  district  of  each  State,  there  being  no  limit  fixed  to  the  number  of 
such  deputies,  who  are  to  provide  warehouses  or  elevators  for  the  storage  of  cotton 
and  wheat,  and  give  certificate  of  quan.tities  and  value  to  the  person  storing  the 
same.  The  postmaster  at  the  nearest  post  ofiice  is  to  receive  such  certificjite  and 
issue  to  the  holder  ther^'of  a  postal  money  order  for  two-thirds  the  certified  value 
thereof.  To  carry  out  the  act  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  to  start  up  the  print- 
ing presses  and  issue  such  amount  of  greenbacks  to  the  Postmaster  General  as  may 
be  required  from  time  to  time,  not  to  exceed  $100,000,000. 

In  House  bill  10495  Mr.  Watson  prop  ised  the  appointment  of  a  "s{:)ecial  auditor 
of  tlie  Treasury,"  salary  $10,000  per  year,  and  a  deputy  for  each  State,  who  sliall 
appoint  one  land  inspector  in  each  Congressional  district  in  his  State.  Any  person 
owning  land  in  city  or  country  upon  which  is  his  home,  or  which  he  will  swear  he 


DANGERS    OF    POPULISM.  ^  191 

intends  to  make  a  home,  who  desires  to  borrow  money  from  the  United  States,  may 
do  so  upon  the  approved  certiticate  of  the  deputy  auditor,  after  gonig  tlirougli  cer- 
tain form«  receiving  two-thirds  of  the  estimate:!  value  of  the  land,  upon  givnig  a 
mort•^i^ge  to  the  United  States,  to  be  payable  in  five  years  at  the  rate  of  1  per  cent 
per  annum.  The  amount  of  greenbacks  to  be  printed  under  this  bill  is  limited  to 
one  hundred  mill.ons. 

SPECIMEN    PENSION    BILLS. 

Representative  Hudson  of  Kansas,  in  his  bill  (H.  R.  3186)  proposes  to  settle  all 
pension^  bv  the  pavment  at  once  to  each  one  now  borne  on  the  rolls,  Or  that  may 
be  hereafte'r  placed  upon  them,  a  lump  sum  ten  times  the  annual  amount  of  such 
pension  This  would  reniire  the  immediate  expenditure,  as  fast  as  the  money 
couid  be  printed  of  §1,500,000,000,  and  is  to  be  made  in  Treasury  notes  or  green- 
bick*  "substantiallv  in  the  s;ime  form  as  the  greenbacks  issued  by  the  Government 
during  the  late  war,"  except  they  shall  be  legal  tender  for  all  debts,  public  and 
private. 

OTHER  PENSION   BILLS. 

Representative  Davis  proposes  in  bill  4339  to  pension  every  person  who  served  in 
the  war  more  than  ninety  days  and  less  than  a  vear  at  the  rate  of  $10  per  month; 
who  served  one  vear  and  less  than  two  years,  $15  per  month;  wlio  served  two  years 
•ind  less  than  three  vears,  $20  per  month,  and  to  all  who  served  three  years  or  more,, 
*!-'5  per  month.  The  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  to  whom  the  I. ill  was  referred, 
estimated  that  if  this  bill  became  law,  the  sum  required  for  pensions  this  year  alone 
would  exceed  $460,000,000.     Under  the  bill,  legal  tenders  are  to  be  issued  in  pay- 

™Snator  \llex's  service  pension  bill  (S.  2124)  would  require  the  first  year  an  ex- 
penditure of  $350,000,000.  ,,<.-,      „  u-,WO        .     o-Q    Vff 

Senator  Peffek's  pension  bill,  known  as  the  "cent-a-day  bill  (Senate  oo8,  l^itty- 
cecondCo  gress),  is  a  trifle  as  compared  with  Representative  Hudson's  lump-sum 
bill  It  places  everv  soldier,  sailor,  and  marine  on  the  pension  rolls,  and  requires 
the  issue  o^"  a  curious  currency  in  denominations  from  5  cents  to  $10,  to  be  rectang- 
ular in  form,  the  larger  notes  to  be  6i  inclies  long  by  2|  inches  wide,  the  smaller 
notes  to  be  marked  across  the  face,  "service  pension  money."  To  start  the  ball 
$105,000,000  are  to  b?  issued  at  once. 

INDUSTRIAL    ARMY. 

In  his  bin  (H.  R.  6767)  Mr.  Davis  of  Kansas,  with  a  preamble  declaring  that 
"Whereas  the  wisdom  of  our  forefathers  in  the  preamble  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  made  am  pie  provision  in  the  phrase  'to  promote  the  general  welfare  / 
for  such  enlarged  governmental  functions  and  progressive  economic  measures  as  the  / 
erowing  nt-eds  and  the  emergencies  of  the  country  might  require,"  provides  tor  the 
enlistment  'a  fast  a^  practicable"  of  500,00J  men  in  an  industrial  volunteer  army, 
to  be  clothed,  fed,  and  paid  as  are  recruits  in  the  regular  Arm  v. 

As  it  costs  our  government  a  thousand  dollars  a  year  for  each  soldier,  the  annual 
expenditure  called  for  by  this  bill  would  be  not  less  than  half  a  billion  of  dollars.  Mr. 
Dv\'is  provides  for  an  additional  issue  of  $300,000,000  of  legal  tenders  at  once,  and 
$100,000,000  a  year  thereafter,  "to  create  and  pre:erve  an  increasing  and  equitable 
volume  of  currency  hereafter." 

charity  funds. 

To  provide  for  the  immediate  relief  of  the  destitute.  Senator  Peffer  proposes  in 
Senate  bill  1300  to  appropriate  $6,300,000,  to  be  expended  by  State  boards  of  com- 
missioners at  the  rate  of  $1  per  each  ten  inhabitants  in  any  county. 


prov 


In  ioint  resolution  166,  Representative  Boen  instructs  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
ovide  camping  grounds  and  tents  for  all  "organized  bodies  of  laboring  people  who 
may  come  within  the  said  District"  of  Columbia,  and  the  War  Office  is  "to  see  to 
it"  "that  their  "rights  as  citizens,  organizations,  and  individuals  are  respected  and 

protected." 

internal  improvements. 

Representative  Boen  of  Minnesota  introduced  a  bill  in  the  House  (7908)  which 
provides  for  the  issue  of  $1,000,000,000  in  legal-tender  notes,  of  which  amount  five 
hundred  millions  is  to  be  expended  in  five  years  in  building  or  purchasing  railroads. 


192  i  DEMOCRATIC    CAxMPAIGN   BOOK. 

two  hundred  and  fifty  millions  for  improving  rivers,  and  not  less  than  two  hundred 
and  fifty  millions  for' purchasing  sites  and  building  post  offices  "  in  each  village  or 
city  containing  1,000  or  more  inhabitants."  To  carry  out  the  law  would  require,  as 
variously  estimated,  from  one  and  a  half  billions  to  two  and  a  half  billions,  but  only 
the  issue  of  one  billion  of  extra  notes  is  provided  for. 

INCREASE   OF   CURRENCY. 

In  addition  to  other  means  of  increasing  the  volun  e  of  the  currency,  Represen- 
tative Simpson  proposes  in  his  bill  4-il2  to  have  the  Government  purchase  all  the 
gold  and  silver  that  is  offered,  issuing  silver  or  gold  certificates  to  the  sellers  at  the 
rate  of  $1  for  each  371.25  grains  of  silver.  Then  the  Secretary  is  to  coin  all  the  gold 
and  silver  now  in  the  Treasury  or  that  may  be  thereafter  purchased,  and  to  issue 
Treasury  certificates — $2  in  Treasury  notes  for  each  dollar  in  coin.  It  is  estimated 
this  would  soon  give  a  total  circulation  of  $3,000,000,000. 

In  his  tax  bill  (H.  R.  5448)  Representative  Davis  proposes  to  substitute  the  tariff' 
act  of  1SS3  for  the  ^NIcKinley  act,  with  horizontal  reductions,  one-fourth  in  1894, 
,'  one-third  of  the  remainder  in  1805,  and  one-fourth  of  the  remainder  in  1896,  with 
certain  additions  to  the  free  list ;  to  provide  revenue,  incomes  and  land  are  to  be 
taxe  1,  and  three  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  greenbacks  are  to  be  issued  the  first 
year,  and  annually  thereafter  :5100,000,000. 

Senator  Kylk,  in  Senate  bill  2531  ( Fifty -second  Congress),  proposes  au  unlimited 
issue  of  fractional  currency,  to  be  paid  out  to  persons  applying  therefor  to  any  post- 
master ;  and  Representative  McKeigiiax,  iu  House  bill  6010,  proposes  the". same, 
limiting  the  legal-tender  qualities  of  the  currency,  however  ;  and  Representative 
Davis,  in  House  bill  6003,  concurs  with  Senator  Kyle  restricting  the  issue  to 
650,000,000. 

Representative  Davis,  in  House  bill  5386,  proposes  "  that  if  at  any  time  the  cur- 
rent revenu  s  of  the  Government  shall  be  insufficient  to  meet  the  current  expenses 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  issue  non-interest-bearing  Treasury  notes,"  full 
legal  tender.  He  is  also  required  not  to  pay  in  gold  more  than  one-l;alf  of  any  coin 
■obligation,  and  is  required  to  coin  at  once  all  the  silver  in  the  Treasury,  to  issue 
■silver  certificates  "all  uncoined  silver,"  "  to  pay  out  66j  per  cent  of  all  silver  now 
in  the  Treasury,  and  never  hereafter  to  retain  in  tlfe  Treasury  in  silver  an  amount 
exceeding  one-third  of  silver  coin  for  the  redemption  of  outstanding  silver  certifi- 
•cates." 

salsoli  kali  tragus. 

Mr.  BoKN,  Representative  from  Minnesota,  proposes  to  begin  the  destruction  of 
the  salsoli  kali  tragus  wherever  found  on  public  or  private  property,  and  his  bill 
would  appropriate  $1,000,000  (House  bill  5745)  to  inaugurate  the  process. 

RAIN    WATER   AND    IRRIGATION. 

Various  bills  have  been  introduced  by  Populist  Senators  and  Representatives  to 
authorize  "the  control  of  water  for  agricultural  purposes,"  "to  provide  means  for 
gathering  and  storing  rain  witer,"  "to  establish  a  bureau  of  irrigation,"  and  so  on, 
•of  which  the  following  specimens  are  quoted  : 

Representative  Davis  proposes  ( House  bill  7896)  the  immediate  issue  of  $20,000,000 

-     in  greenbacks  to  be  issued  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  merely  "to  inaugurate  a 

systematic  control  of  water  in  the  interest  of  agriculture." 

"  Representative  Baker  of  Kansas  asks  a  modest  sum  to  enable  the  Secretary  of 

A<:ricuiture  to  provide  means  for  gathering  and  storing  rain  water.     House  bill  7SS7. 

St-nator  Pekfer  has  introduced  IMr.  Davis's  bill  into  the  Senate  (Senate  bill  2279). 
Jjut  he  proposes  more  radical  measures  in  his  bill  (S.  1168),  which  provides  for  a 
bureau  of  irrigation  which  is  t;>  dig  for  water,  dam  water,  or  ditch  water,  the  appro- 
priation for  the  purpose  not  being  liuiited  in  amount,  provided  it  does  not  exceed 
the  amount  of  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  tippropriated. 

some  other  theories. 

According  to  the  Populist  theory  Congress  is  omnipotent,  and  the  people  in  the 
«v        l^tat^es,  counties,  and  municipalities  are  to  have  no  voice  in  managing  their  lociil 
^     nff"airs,  provided  Congress  wills  otherwise.     As  examples  of  this  overtopping  power 
;  -e  following  Populist  measures  are  quoted  : 


DANGERS    OF    POPULISM.  193 

In  Senate  bill  1182  ( Fifty -tliirJ  Cougreos)  Senator  Pei  fur  provides  not  only  that 
no  whiskies,  beers,  wines,  or  otlier  intoxicants  sliall  be  imported  into  the  United 
States,  but  also  that  no  wliiskics,  b?,n-s,  wines,  or  other  intoxicants  (domestic  or 
imported)  shall  be  sold  in  the  Uaited  States  "except  what  raiy  be  necessary  for 
medicinal,  scientific,  and  sacramental  purposes."  Of  course  ever-v-  one  knows  that 
such  legislation  would  be  waste  piper,  as  Ooagress  has  not  be  n\  granted  by  the 
people  any  such  police  power. 

Railways  are  to  be  managed  according  to  act  of  Congress.  If  Representative 
BoEX  has  his  way  every  railway  must  carry  the  mails,  but  Representative  Boen,  in 
House  bill  7G3S,  insists  that  no  passenger  coach  shall  be  attached  to  mail  trains, 
but  shall  consist  solely  of  an  engine,  ten  ler,  caboose,  and  postal  cars.  Tlie  Gov- 
ernment, which  in  this  bill  is  the  Postmaster  General,  is  to  fix  th  3  schedule  time 
of  this  train  and  is  to  pay  as  much  or  as  little  as  that  ofticial  agrees  with  himself  to 
pay,  but  the  railways  may  haul  mail  cars  with  passenger  trains  when  their  traffic  is 
not  interrupted  "by  strikes  or  other  labor  disturbances." 

Senator  Kyle  proposes  in  Senate  joi  it  resolution  73,  that  Congress  -shall  have 
"  exclusive  jurisdiction  to  regulate  marriage  and  divorce  in  the  several  States  and 
Territories."  and  Representative  Bell  of  Colorado,  insists  in  House  joint  resolu- 
tion 124  that  the  women  of  th_»  country  shall  vote  at  all  elections,  present  local 
laws  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding,  while  Representative  Pence  does  not  consider 
it  necessary  to  take  the  trouble  to  amend  the  Constitution,  as  that  instrument  re- 
quires, to  prescribe  qualifications  for  voters,  but  proposes  in  House  bill  5748  that 
women  shall  vote  for  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

LIGHTS  AND   RAILROADS. 

Senator  Peffer,  in  Senat  ■  bill  1972,  provides  that  in  cer4:ain  contingencies  the 
United  States  shall  purchase  a  railroad  system  and  manage  it. 

In  Senate  bill  1179  the  same  Senator  proposes  that  the  United  States  shall  go  into 
the  lighting  business  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  said  light  to  be  supplied  to  citi- 
zens at  10  per  cent  above  cost;  and  $1,000,000  is  appropriated. 

A  comprehensive  committee. 

Representative  Beli,  provides  in  joint  resolution  169  for  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  to  "devise  means  for  the  employment  of  the  idle  men  of  the  country, 
restrict  immigration,  start  up  mines,  increase  the  currency,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses." Therefore,  etc.,  the  committee  in  "thirty  days"  is  to  report  a  plan  "by 
which  our  idle  men  miy  be  re-employed  n  our  mines  and  in  building  canals  for 
the  reclamation  of  the  arid  Ian  Is,  or  upon  triinsportation,  telegraph,  or  telephone 
lines  of  the  United  States,  or  in  some  other  public  or  private  works." 

Legal  tenders  are  to  be  issued  "  commensurate  with  our  increasing  population  ;  " 
laws  are  to  be  passed  to  protect  and  preserve  such  labor  for  our  own  workmen  ;  in- 
terest-bearing bonds  are  to  be  no  longer  issued  by  the  United  States,  but  means  to 
be  devised  wherebv  States  and  municipalities  may  "  secure  an  issue  of  money  on 
such  bonded  securities  as  cheaply  as  national  banks  secui-e  notes  on  Government 
bonds,"  and  means  to  be  pointed  out  whereby  money  "instead  of  bonds  held  ex- 
clusively for  hire  and  investment "  may  be  used  in  developing  industries  and  enter- 
prises. 

recapitulation. 

V/ithout  duplicating  the  amounts  carried  in  the  bills  quoted  where  their  modes 
or  purposes  are  similar,  the  following  recapitulation  will  show  the  sura  total  of  ap- 
propriations required  to  meet  the  bills  named  : 
Representative  Davis's  bill  (No.  3436)  providing  for  the  loan  to  cer- 
tain mortgage  debtors  is  estimated  to  require  not  less  than  the 

sum  of $10,000,000,000 

Representative  Clover's  bill  (No.  6254,  Fifty -second  C^ongress)  to 
loan  to  States,  etc. ,  50  per  cent  of  assessed  valuation  of  property  is 

estimated  to  require  exceeding .-.  12,000,000,000 

Representative  Clover's  bill  (No.  3999,  Fifty-second  Congress)  is 
variously  estimated  to  require  the  sum  of  from  §8,000,000,000  to 
$15,000,000,000,  say 10,000,000,000 


194  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

Senator  Peffer's  bill  (No.  97G)  to  loan  not  exceeding  $2,500  to 
any  individual  applying  having  real  estate  security  provides  for  an 
imm^'diate  issue  of  not  less  than  $700,000,000,  and  an  ultimate  issue 
of  much  more,  but  is  not  estimated  in  the  total,  being  similar  in 
principle  to  House  bill  3436,  above  quoted. 
Representative  Kem's  bill  (No.  5446),  where  not  included  in  previous 

estimates,  would  require  an  issue  of  not  less  than 1,000,000,000 

Mr.  Watson's  various  bills  are  not  estimated,  being  included  in 
their  princip  es  in  previous  estimates. 
Representative  Hudson's  pension  bill  (H.  R.  3186)  would  require 

the  immediate  issue  of 1,500  000  Oi>() 

Representative  Davis's  industrial  artoy  bill  (H.  R.  6767)  would  re- 
quire an  annual  expenditure  of 500,000, 0()() 

Senator  Peffer's  charity  bill  (S.  1300)  appropriates 6',300'000 

Representative  Boen's  bill  (H.  R.  7908),  for  internal  improvements, 

app  opriates 500,000,000 

With  an  annual  appropriation  in  addition. 
Representative  Boen's  bill  (H.  R.  5745)  to  exterminate  the  Russian 

thistle,  appropriates 1,000,000 

Senator  Peffer's  rain  water  bill  (No.  7896)  makes  an  appropria- 
tion of 20,000,000 

Total 35,507,300,000 

These  estimates  do  not  include  any  duplication  nor  many  item3  of  expenditure 
proposed  in  the  bills  nam3d,  nor  do  they  include  silarissof  the  thousands  upon 
thousands  of  officials  to  ba  appointed  under  th -ir  provisions.  As  the  total  esti- 
mated money  of  the  world,  including  paper,  gold,  silver,  copper,  brass  and  iron 
tokens  does  not  exceed  $10,100,000,000,  it  appears  that  the  amount  of  money  called 
for  by  the  bills  named  is  nearly  five  times  the  volume  of  the  currency  of  the 
world.  What  our  paper  money  would  be  worth  under  such  circumstances  anyone 
of  ordinary  intelligence  knows.     It  would  be  worth  nothing  at  all. 

On  July  9,  1894,  Senator  Pefper  submitted  a  resolution,  of  which  the  following 
is  a  copy : 

"In  view  of  existing  social  and  business  conditions,  and  by  way  of  suggesting 
subjects  for  remedial  legislation;  be  it 

^^ Resolved  by  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  First.  That  all  public  functions  ought 
to  be  exercised  by  and  through  public  agancies.    • 

"Second.  That  all  railroads  employed  in  interstate  commarce  ought  to  be  brought 
into  one  organizatio  i  under  control  and  suparvision  of  public  officers;  that  charges 
for  trmsportation  of  persons  and  prop3rty  ought  to  be  uniform  throughout  the 
country;  that  wages  of  employees  ought  to  be  regulated  by  law  and  paid  promptly 
in  money. 

"  Third.  That  all  coal  beJs  o  ight  to  be  owned  and  worked  by  the  States  or  by 
the  Federal  Government,  and  the  wages  of  all  persons  who  work  in  the  mines 
ought  to  be  i)rovided  by  law  and  paid  in  money  when  due. 

"Fourth.  That  all  money  used  by  the  people  ought  to  be  supplied  only  by  the 
Government  of  the  Tnited  States;  that  the  rate  of  interest  ought  to  be  uniform  in 
all  the  States,  not  exceeding  the  net  averiige  increase  of  the  permanent  wealth  of 
the  people. 

"Fifth.  That  all  revenues  of  the  Government  ought  to  be  raised  by  taxes  on 
real  estate." 

To  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  resolution  would  require,  at  a  very  moderate 
estimate,  some  lifteen  billions  of  dollars,  making  the  total  proposed  expenditures 
upwards  of  fifty  billions  of  dollars. 

Among  the  other  things  that  would  follow  such  legislation  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  enormous  amount  of  money  necessary  to  carry  on  the  Government  is  to  be  raised 
wholly  and  alone  upon  real  estate. 

jVre  the  farmers  of  the  country  now  ready  to  add  to  the  burdens  they  have  by  a, 
still  further  tax  to  carry  out  these  plans? 


SHAM    CIVIL   SERVICE    REFORM.  195 


Sl&ani  CiTil  Service  Reform. 


EXTRACT  FROM  SPEECH! 


HON.  W.  D.  BYNUM, 

OF  INDIANA, 

In  the  House  of  Representatives, 

July  31,  1894. 

Mr.  BYNUM  said: 

Mr.  Speaker:  At  no  time  in  the  history  of  the  country  was  the  clamor  for  office 
so  insatiate  as  upon  the  accession  of  the  last  Republican  Administration  to  power. 
The  old-timers,  who  had  spent  most  of  their  lives  in  office  and  had  bacome  imbued 
with  the  idea  that  the  Government  positions  •  belonged  to  them,  reenforced  by  the 
younger  element,  who  had  been  almost  entirely  excluded  from  the  public  stalls, 
came  rushing  to  the  Capitol  by  the  thousands,  eager  to  receive  a  crumb  from  the 
table  supposed  to  be  so  plentifully  supplied. 

Rich  and  bountiful,  however,  as  was  the  feast,  it  only  served  to  sharpen  the  ap- 
petites of  the  hungry  horde  that  swarmed  through  the  lobbies,  invaded  the  White 
House,  filled  the  Departments  and  drove  the  members  of  the  Cabinet  to  seek  re- 
fuge in  their  private  rooms.  The  endeavors  to  appease  this  inordinate  demand  re- 
sulted in  the  most  brutal  assaults  that  were  ever  committed  upon  the  civil  service 
of  the  Government.  Amongst  the  many  open,  flagrant,  willful,  and  corrupt  viola- 
taions  of  the  principles  of  the  civil  service  during  this  period  was  the  dismissal 
from  the  Railway  Mail  Service  of  nearly  3,030  efficient  Democratic  clerks  and  the 
appointment  in  their  stead  of  inexperienced  Republicans. 

The  facts,  briefly  stated,  were  as  follows:  On  the  1st  day  of  December,  1888, 
President  Cleveland  issued  an  order  placing  the  Railway  Mail  Service  under  the 
classified  service,  to  take  effect  on  the  loth  day  of  March,  1889. 

Mr.  Harrisoii  became  President  on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1889,  and  within  one 
week  after  his  inauguration  issued  an  order  extending  the  time  when  the  order  of 
Mr.  Cleveland  was  to  take  effect  from  the  15th  day  of  March  to  the  1st  day  of  May, 
1889.  That  this  extention  was  made  for  the  sole  purpose  of  enabling  the  Adminis- 
tration to  make  a  raid  upon  the  service  in  the  interest  of  its  partisans  is  as  clear  as 
the  noonday's  sun.  From  the  4th  day  of  March,  1889,  the  day  on  which  Mr.  Har- 
rison became  President,  to  the  loth  diy  of  May,  a  period  of  less  than  two  months, 
seventeen  hundred  Democratic  clerks,  with  records  for  efficiency  and  integrity 
theretofore  unequaled,  were  summarily  dismissed,  and  their  places  filled  with 
virulent  Republican  partisans  without  experience. 


196  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

The  fact,  however,  that  the  service  became  classified  on  May  1,  did  not  deter 
Buch  reformers  as  Wanamaker  and  Lyman  from  completing  the  work  they  had  be- 
gun. They  had  gotten  rid  of  2,000  Democratic  clerks,  the  other  1,030  must  go, 
and  after  that  date,  when  the  service  becama  fully  classified,  927  mare  clerks  were 
dismissed  and  1,212  were  appointed  by  the  disgraceful  and  fraudulent  practice  of 
antedating  the  notices  of  removals  and  apppointments. 

At  the  time  I  first  introduced  the  measure  I  had  but  a  faint  conception  of  the 
extent  to  which  this  abuse  had  been  carried.  As  soon,  however,  as  the  contents 
of  the  bill  became  known,  I  began  to  receive  letters  from  every  part  of  the  coun- 
try, giving  information  as  to  the  ruthless  mann?r  in  which  Democrats  had  been 
discharged  and  the  indecent  haste  in  which  Republicans  liad  been  rushed  into  their 
places.  While  lam  not  at  liberty  to  give  the  names,  I  cannot  refrain  from  publish- 
mg  extracts  from  a  few  of  these  letters,  as  they  convey  more  forcibly  than  I  can 
express,  the  manner  in  which  the  work  was  accomplished: 


Turkey,  N.  C,  October  2,  1893. 

Dear  Sir:  Having  seen  in  the  New  York  World  that  you  had  introduced  a  bill 
with  reference  to  the  restoration  to  service  of  ex-Democratic  railway  i^ostal  clerks, 
and  being  one  of  the  number  myself  for  whose  purpose  your  bill  is  intended  to  se- 
cure justice,  I  herewith  beg  leave  to  thank  as  well  as  congratulate  you  for  the  posi- 
tion thus  manifesto  i  in  our  behalf. 

During  ]\Ir.  Cleveland's  first  administration  I  received  an  appointment  as  railway 
postal  clerk  on  one  of  the  trunk  lines  of  the  country  from  Wasliington  D.  C,  to 
Wilmington  N.  C.,  passed  my  examination  ou  all  the  postofiices  in  Virginia,  North 
Carolina  and  South  Carolina,  with  a  general  average  aboat  95  per  cant;  was  always 
prompt  and  attentive  in  the  discharge  of  my  duty;  had  my  absolute  appointment, 
and  was  actually  under  the  civil  serdce,  but  was  removed  May  21,  1880,  to  gratify 
a  Republican  that  wanted  my  place.  All  the  Democrats  on  mine  and  connecting 
roads  were  removed  in  like  manner. 
lam  yours, 

Hon.  Wm.  D.  Bynum, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

The  most  striking  illustration,  however,  of  the  haste  to  get  rid  of  Democrats  and 

restore  Republicans  com  ^s  from  the  State  o"  Maine.    I  am  conscious  that  the  living 

of  that  State  are  always  willing  to  sacrifice  themselves  in  the  public  service,  but  I 

was  not  aware  that  in  their  eagerness  to  get  rid  of  Democrats  they  were  willing  to 

make  requisition  upon  the  sextons  of  the  cemeteries.     Such,  however,  seems  to  be 

a  fact. 

Watervile,  Me.,  October  16,  1898. 

Dear  Sir  :  I  received  a  copy  of  the  bill  you  introduced  in  the  Ilouss'a  short  time 
since,  and  I  wish  to  say  to  you  that  the  ex-postal  clerks  are  very  much  pleased  with 
your  undertaking  and  trust  the  bill  may  paiis. 

In  their  haste  to  remove  s  from  the  service  they  appointed  one  man  who  had 
bcL'ii  (lea  I  for  more  than  one  year,  anoLher  who  was  nearly  dead  and  who  told  the 
sup  ■rintendcnt  that  he  could  not  go  ba.k,  he  was  too  sick;  but  they  made  him  go 
on,  as  they  -aid,  till  they  could  straighten  things  out.  He  went  on,  and  after  a  few 
mo.i  hs  n'signed,  went  liome,  and  died. 
Yours  respectfully, 

Hun.  Wiij.ia'm  D.  Bynum, 

Coiif/ressman,  Washington,  D.  C. 

[Laughter  and  applause.] 


SHAM   CIVIL  SERVICE   REFORM. 


197 


APPENDIX. 

In  reply  to  the  fourth  inquiry  I  have  to  state  that  the  number  of  clerks  ap- 
pointed, reappointed,  or  reinstated  to  said  service  and  who  commcnccd'service  sub- 
sequent to  the  1st  day  of  May,  1889,  though  appointed,  reappointed,  or  reinstated 
upon  orders  bearing  date  prior  thereto,  was  1,212,  and  the  dates  upon  which  said 
clerks  entered  upon  their  duties  were  as  follows  : 


May 
]Mav 
Mav 
THaV 
]\Ia".C 
Mav 
May 
Mav 
MaV 


1,  1880.., 

2,  1889.. 

3,  1889.. 

4,  1889.. 

5,  1889.. 

6,  1889.. 

7,  1880.. 

8,  1889.. 
0,  1889.. 

Mav  10,  1889.. 
Mav  11,  1880.. 
Mav  12,  1889.. 
Mav  13,  1889... 
MaV  14,  1889.., 
May  15,  1889.. 
Mav  1(5,  1889.., 
Mav  17,  1889.. 
Mav  18,  1889.. 
^  ay  19,  1889  . 
Mav  20,  1889.. 
May  21,  1889.. 
Mav  22,  1889.. 
MaV  23,  1889. . 
May  24,  1889.. 
May  2-5,  1889.. 
Mav  20,  1889. 
Mav  27,  1889. . 
Mav  28,  1889. . 
May  29,  1889. . 
Mav  30,  1889. . 
May  31,  1889. 


June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
Jnne 


1,  1889. 

2,  1889. 

3,  1889. 

4,  1889. 

5,  1880. 

6,  1880. 

7,  1889, 

8,  1889. 


Number  of  clerks. 

145 

30 

44 

40 

17 

47 

30 


June    9,  1899. 


June  10,  1889 
June  11,  1889 
June  12,  1889 
June  13,  1889 
June  15,  1889 
June  10,  1889 
June  17,  1889 
June  18,  1889 
June  19,  1889 
June  20,  1889 
June  21,  1889 
June  22,  1889 
June  23,  1889 
June  24,  1889 
June  20,  1889 
June  29,  1880 
June  30,  1880 
July  1,  1889 
Julv  3,  1889 
July  4,  1889 
July  7,1889., 
July  10, 1889. 
July  15,  1889., 
July  10,  1889.. 
July  17,  1889.. 
July  23,  1889., 
July  24,  1889.. 
Aug.  1,  1889., 
Aug.  3,  1889. 
Aug.  23,  1889. 
Aug.  25,  1889., 
Sept.  25,  1889., 


Number  of  clerks. 


Total  for  the  month  of — 

May 1,032 


June. 

July  

August , 

September 


156 

19 

4 

1 


I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  very  respectively, 


Hon.  Charles  F.  Crisp, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


S.    BiSSELL, 

Postmaster-  General. 


Mr.  Speaker:  In  the  palmiest  days  of  Congi-essional  spoils,  I  venture  that  a  record 
more  replete  with  a  debauchery  of  the  public  service  cannot  be  found.  It  has  been 
said  by  way  of  excuse  that  during  Mr.  Cleveland's  administration  a  large  number 
of  experienced  and  efficient  clerks  were  dismissed  from  the  service  to  make  room 


198 


DEMOCRATIC  CAMPAIGN  BOOK. 


for  Democrats,  and  that  the  great  number  of  changes  made  during  that  period  had 
impaired  the  efficiency  of  the  service,  and  that  it  was  necessary  to  restore  .the  old 
clerks  to  improve  its  standard. 

This  assertion  is  unqualifiedly  false.  It  is  a  well  known  fact,  and  the  official  re:- 
ords  support  me  in  this  statement,  that  the  service  had  never  before  attained  the 
standard  of  efficiency  it  did  during  the  administration  of  'Mr.  Cleveland.  From  the 
very  beginning  the  service  bsgan  to  improve.  From  the  annual  report  of  the  Super- 
intendent of  the  Railway  Mail  Service  for  the  year  1893,  I  take  the  following 
figures ; 

7\ihlc  of  pieces  of  mail  distributed,  'etc.,  anniutlly  since  July  1,  1883. 


Year 

ending 

June  30— 

Number  of 

pieces 
distributed. 

Increase. 

Number 

of 
errors. 

Increase 

of 
errors. 

Decrease 

of 

errors. 

Number 
c  >rrect  to 
each  error. 

1884 

4,519.661,900 
4,948,058,400 
.5,329,521,475 
5,834,690,875 
6,528,772,080 
8,026,837,130 
7,847,723,600 

538,145.620 
428,397,500 
381,462,075 
505,479,398 
694,081,185 
498,065,070 
820,886,470 

1,167,223 
887,704 
1,260,443 
1,734,617 
1,755,821 
1,777,295 
2,769,245 

208,745 

.3,872 
5  575 

1885     ... 

279,519 

1886 

372,739 

474,174 

31,204 

11,474 

991,950 

4  228 

1887 

3,36J 
3,694 
3  954 

1888 

1889 

1890 

2,834- 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  table  that  in  1885,  the  first  ye.xr  of  Mr.  Cleve- 
land's administration,  there  was  an  increase  of  nearly  five  hundred  millions  o 
pieces  distributed,  and  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  errors  of  nearly  three  hundred 
thousand.  In  1884  there  were  3,872  pieces  correctly  handled  to  each  error,  while 
in  1885  there  were  5,575  pieces  correctly  handled  to  each  error.  During  the  yeir 
1888,  the  last  wholly  under  Democratic  administration,  7,026,837,130  pieces  were; 
handled,  with  a  total  of  1,777,295  errors.  • 

To  each  3,954  pieces  correctly  handled  there  was  one  error,  while  durii:^the  first: 
year,  wholly  under  Republican  Administration,  from  July  1,  1889,  to  July  1,  1890,. 
7,847,723,603  pieces  were  handled,  with  a  total  of  2,769,245  errors.  The  increase  oi: 
errors  was  991,950.  The  first  year  under  the  reforms  inaugurated  by  the  Republi- 
cans, the  number  of  pieces  correctly  handled  to  each  error  fell  from  3,954  to  2,834.. 
It  thus  appears  from  the  official  records  that  in  the  first  year  of  Mr.  Harrison's 
Administration  the  standard  of  efficiency  was  reduced  nearly  28  per  cent. 


SHAM   CIVIL   SERVICE   REFORM. 


REMARKS 

OF 


199 


HON.  GEO.  W.  COOPER. 

of  indiana, 
In  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Mr.  COOPER  of  Indiana.  I  stated,  as  one  of  the  reasons  why  the  cliecking 
division  of  the  Sixth  Aulitor's  Office  was  behind,  that  the  chief  of  tliat  division 
had  occupied  much  of  his  time  and  the  time  of  the  clerks  in  that  service  in  prepar- 
ing and  publishing  a  life  of  ex-President  Harrison. 

While  I  was  absent  temporarily  from  the  Hall  of  the  House  on  yesterday,  the 
genleman  from  Ohio,  after  having,  I  will  say  in  justice  to  him,  endeavored  to  ascer. 
tain  my  presence,  had  read  from  the  Clerk's  desk  a  letter  from  this  ex-chief  of  the 
checking  division,  in  which  he  substantially  contradicts  the  statement  made  by 
me.  He  said,  in  substance,  that  that  division  was  about  three  years  behind  when 
he  took  charge  of  it,  and  that  the  prior  Administration  of  the  present  President 
was  to  blame  for  that  fact,  and  that  during  his  incamboncy  the  work  was  brought 
up  something  like  a  year  in  advance  of  what  it  was  when  he  undertook  it. 

Now,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  wish  to  send  to  the  Cierk's  desk  and  have  read  a  letter 
from  one  of  the  employees  of  that  division,  who  is  still  in  that  service,  upon  that 
point. 

The  Clerk  read  as  follows  : 

Treasury  Depart.^ient, 
Office  of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 

for  the  postoffice  department, 

Washington,  I).  C'.,il/oy25,  1894. 
Sir:  In  reply  to  your  request  of  this  date,  as  to  a-iy  facts  I  may  know  relative 
to  Mr.  Charles' Hedges,  late  chief  of  the  checking  division.  Sixth  Auditor's  Oflice, 
having  durhig  his  term  of  office  devoted  his  lime,  or  caused  clerks  and  other 
employees  to  have  devoted  their  time  during  office  hours  to  the  x:)reparatioi)  of  a 
biographical  sketch  and  compilation  of  speecTi 'S  of  ex-President  Benjamin  Harri- 
son, I  have  this  to  state:  That  I  have  seen  Mr.  Hedges  very  busily  engaged  at  liis 
official  deok,  and  during  office  hours,  ijreparing  writings,  which  turned  (jut  to  bo 
"Life  and  speeches  of  Hon.  Benj.  Harrison,  President."  Mr.  Hall,  one  of  his 
clerks,  was  at  work  in  his  room,  using  the  typ3writer,  which  seemed  strange  to  mo, 
as  there  is  no  work  in  that  division  which  requires  c  ;rrespond.'nce. 

Sometime  thereafter  I  noticed  the  room  adjoinin.;  Il-.e  chiefs  used  a-^  a  si.drerojm 
for  books,  and  upon  inspecting  them  found  tliey  were  I  he  al"oi-e;_vud  miitionod 
books.  jMr.  Glendenning,  one  of  iiis  clerks,  was  engagcil  in  addi-e;-.-iJn,?  iliese  books 
to  subscribers  and  postmasters  during  offic  hours,  and  whilst  his  name  was  carried 
on  the  rolls.     Shortly  after,  this  clerk,  a  substitute,  was  appointed  to  a  5^1,000  posi- 


200  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

tion  over  a  Miss  Pettigrew,  who  stood  at  the  top  of  the  list  in  a  competitive  axaini- 
nation  for  promotion,  notwithstanding  tliat  Thomas  B.Reed  had  interested  himself 
in  her  behalf. 

It  is  the  impression  of  the  otfice  that  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Glendenning  was 
the  result  of  his  labor  for  Mr.  Hedges. 
Very  respectfully, 

CHARLES  A.  GIVEN, 
Clerk  Sixth  Auditor's  Office. 
Hon.  George  W.  Cooper, 

House  of  Representatives. 

Mr.  COOPER  of  Indiana.     Now,  I  send  forward  a  letter  from  another  clerk, 
which  I  wish  to  have  read. 


The  Clerk  read  as  follows 


Office  of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 

FOR  the  Postoffice  Department, 

Washington,  D.  C,  May  2b,  1894. 


Sir:  In  reply  to  your  request  of  this  date  for  information  that  I  may  possess  rela- 
tive to  Charles  Hedges,  late  chief  of  the  checking  division  of  the  Sixth  Auditor's 
Office,  having  used  the  Governm  mt's  time  for  his  own  purposes  by  working  him- 
self, and,  as  chief  of  his  division,  causing  Government  employees  under  him  to 
devote  their  time  during  office  hours  to  the  preparation  of  a  book  containing  a  bio- 
gi;aphical  sketch  aad  speeches  of  Benjamin  Harrison,  ex-president  of  the  United 
States,  I  hav  •  this  to  say: 

It  is  a  matter  openly  talked  th  it  Judge  Thomas,  now  chief  clerk,  Postoffice 
Department  and  late  supsrintende  it  an  1  disbursing  clerk  of  the  Postoffice  Depart- 
ment, compl  lined  to  the  chief  cl  Tk  of  the  Sixth  Auditor's  Office  about  one  of  the 
rooms  of  the  Busch  Building  baing  occupied  by  some  two  wagonloa  Is  of  mail  sacks 
filled  with  the  speeches  of  Benjamin  Harrison,  compiled  by  Cliarles  Hedges,  and 
that  they  were  not  removed  until  after  complaint  had  been  made. 

It  was' a  matter  of  common  discussion  in  the  division  at  that  time  that  messen- 
gers, laborers,  and  clerks  were  used  by  Mr.  Hedges  during  office  hours,  in  violation 
of  the  rales  and  regulations  of  t  le  Treasury  Department,  to  prepare  letters  and  cir- 
culars to  promote  the  sale  of  siid  book,  to  unpack  and  store  away  in  the  Busch 
Building  these  books  as  they  were  received  from  the  publishers,  and  wrap  up  singly 
or  otherwise  to  deliver  or  mail  to  purchasers. 

It  was  stated  that  Thornton  Chesley,  an  employee  of  the  office,  was  instructed  by 
Mr.  Hedges  to  make  a  canvass  of  the  office  for  the  sale  of  said  book  and  that  he  did 
so  during  office  hours,  which  is  a  violation  of  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Treas- 
ury Department  prohibiting  all  canvassing  whatever. 

i  know  that  clerks  bought  the  book  who  could  not  afford  to,  to  prevent  incurring 
the  displeasure  of  Mr.  Hedi;es,  and  that  clerks  who  did  not  buy  the  book  felt  that 
they  were  oppressed  for  not  having  done  so . 

As  to  the  condition  of  the  work  on  Mr.  Hedge's  division  at  the  time  of  his  retire- 
ment, I  have  this  to  say  : 

Chaos  pervaded  the  entire  division.  New  York  postal  notes  were  lost ;  not  an 
an  official  or  clerk  in  the  building  could  tell  where  to  find  them.  The  9,000  books 
used  in  checking  were  everywhere  but  where  they  were  wanted.  It  required  three 
month's  work  of  the  assistant  chief  to  catalogue  and  reduce  to  business  system  these 
books  alone. 

The  division  under  Mr.  Hedges  had  run  itself.  The  clerks  had  checked  as  they 
choosed,  or  if  they  did  not  choose  had  turned  in  their  weekly  averages  as  checked 
when  they  were  not,  and  sent  the  work  to  the  files  for  this  administration  to  take 
out  of  the  files  by  the  thousands  and  do  over  properly.  In  the  basement  were 
huge  basktdfuls  of  1889,  1890  and  1891  work  that  clerks  had  L>ft  laying  around  loose 
and  n-poi'ted  us  done. 

Tliert"  was  no  uniformitv  in  the  work.  As  an  illustration  :  Colorado  not  checked 
sinco  1^S!»;  Miiitiesota  postal  notes  not  checked  since  1888;  Washington,  D.  C, 
not  ch(>ckr(l  since  1888  ;  New  York  postal  notes  not  checlced  since  1890. 

Checking  when  done  hid  been  so  badly  done  that  more  time  of  clerks  was 


SHAM   CrVTEL  SERVICE   REFORM.  201 

wasted  c; r.isi ng  mischeckd  than  would  have  been  required  to  do  the  whole  correctly 
in  the  beginning.  The  work  is  all  reviewed  now,  and  porfect  business  system 
followed  in  everything. 

RespL'Ctfully, 

CYNTHIA  E.  CLEVELAND, 

Clerk  Sixth  AudUor's  Office. 
Hon.  George  W.  Cooper, 

House  of  RepreJietUatives. 

Mr.  COOPER  of  In  liana.     Now,  there  is  another  letter  at  the  desk.     I  ask  tc 
have  it  read.     It  is  a  short  letter. 
The  Clei'k  read  as  follows  : 

Washington,  D.  C,  May  2b,  1894. 
Sir  :  In  reply  to  your  request  of  this  date  for  any  information  that  I  may  have 
relative  to  the  "clerks  or  other  employees  in  the  Sixth   Auditor's  Oflice  "having 
devoted  their  time  during  i.^ffice  hours  to  the  work  of  preparing  a  book  containing 
a  biographical  sketch  and  speeches  of  ex-President  Harrison,  I  have  this  to  state  : 
The  statements  made  by  you  are  substantially  correct.     I  was  his  private  mes- 
senger and  was  e  nplo\'ed  during  office  hours,  when  my  office  work  was  done,  in 
doing  up  for  mailing  from  the  office  copies  of  the  book  in  question.     I  did  this 
under  instructions  from  my  chief,  Mr.  Hedges. 
Very  respectfully, 

PATRICK  DOOLAN, 
Messenger  Sixth  Auditor's  Office, 
Hon.  George  W.  Cooper, 

House  of  Representatives. 


202  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


DEMOCRATIC  PLATFORM. 

Adopted    by    the    National    Democratic    Convention   at 
Chicago,  111.,  June  22,  1892. 


f 


''Section  i.  The  representatives  of  the  Democratic  party  of  the  United 
States,  in  National  Convention  assembled,  do  reaffirm  their  allegiance  to  the 
principles  of  the  party  as  formulated  by  Jefferson  and  exemplified  by  the  long 
and  illustrious  line  of  his  successors  in  Democratic  leadership  from  Madison 
to  Cleveland;  we  believe  the  public  welfare  demands  that  these  principles  be 
applied  to  the  conduct  of  the  Federal  Government  through  the  accession  to 
power  of  the  party  that  advocates  them,  and  we  solemnly  declare  that  the 
need  of  a  return  to  these  fundamental  principles  of  a  free  popular  govern- 
ment, based  on  home  rule  and  individual  liberty,  was  never  more  urgent 
than  now,  when  the  tendency  to  ceniralize  all  power  at  the  Federal  Capital 
has  become  a  menace  to  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States  that  strikes  at  the 
very  roots  of  oiir  Government  under  the  Constitution  as  framed  by  the  fathers 
of  the  Republic. 

AGAINST    POLICY    OF   FORCE   AND    FRAUD. 

"Section  2.  We  warn  the  people  of  our  common  country,  jealous  for  the 
preservation  of  their  free  institutions,  that  the  policy  of  Federal  control  of 
elections,  to  which  the  Republican  party  has  committed  itself,  is  fraught  with 
the  gravest  dangers  scarcely  less  momentous  than  would  result  from  a  revolu- 
tion practically  establishing  monarchy  on  the  ruins  of  the  Republic.  It 
strikes  at  the  North  as  well  as  the  South,  and  injures  the  colored  citizens  even 
more  than  the  white ;  it  means  a  horde  of  deputy  marshals  at  every  polling 
place  armed  with  Federal  power,  returning  boards  appointed  and  controlled 
l)y  Federal  authority,  the  outrage  of  the  electoral  rights  of  the  people  in  the 
several  States,  subjugation  of  the  colored  people  to  the  control  of  the  party 
'n  power  and  the  reviving  of  race  antogonisms  now  happily  abated,  of  the- 
t  noit  peril  to  the  safety  and  happiness  of  all,  a  measure  deliberately  and 
ustly  described  by  a  leading  Republican  Senator  as  '  the  most  infamous  bill 
that  ever  crossed  the  threshold  of  the  Senate.'  Such  a  policy,  if  sanctioned 
by  law,  would  mean  the  dominance  of  a  self  perpetuating  oligarchy  of  office- 
holders, and  the  party  first  intrusted  with  its  machinery  could  be  dislodged 
irjm  power  only  by  an  appeal  to  the  reserved  rights  of  the  people  to  resist 


DEMOCRATEC    PLATFORM.  20!) 

oppression,  which  is  inherent  in  all  self-governing  communities.  Two  years 
ago  this  revolutionary  policy  was  emphatically  condemned  by  the  people  at 
the  polls,  but  in  contempt  of  that  verdict  the  Republican  party  has  defiantly 
declared  in  its  latest  authoritative  utterance  that  its  success  in  the  coming 
elections  will  mean  the  enactment  of  the  force  bill  and  the  usurpation  of  des- 
potic control  over  elections  in  all  the  States. 

"Believing  that  the  preservation  of  republican  government  in  the  United 
States  is  dependent  upon  the  defeat  of  this  policy  of  legalized  force  and  fraud, 
we  invite  the  support  of  all  citizens  who  desire  to  see  the  Constitution  main- 
tained in  ifs  integrity  with  the  laws  pursuant  thereto  which  have  given  our 
country  a'hundred  years  of  unexamp'ed  prosperity;  and  we  pledge  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  if  it  be  intrusted  with  power,  not  only  to  the  defeat  of  the  force 
bill,  but  also  to  relentless  opposition  to  the  Republican  policy  of  profligate 
expenditures  which,  in  the  short  space  of  two  years,  has  sauandered  an  enor- 
mous surplus,  emptied  an  overflowing  Treasury,  after  piling  new  burdens  of 
taxation  upon  the  already  overtaxed  labor  of  the  country. 

REVENUE    TARIFF. 

"Section  3.  We  denounce  Republican  protection  as  a  fraud — a  robbery  of 
the  great  majority  of  the  American  people  for  the  benefit  of  the  few.  We 
declare  it  to  be  a  fundamental  principle  of  the  Democratic  party  that  t'^e 
Federal  Government  has  no  constitutional  power  to  impose  and  collect  tariff 
duties,  except  for  the  purpose  of  revenue  only,  and  we  demard  that  the  col- 
lection of  such  taxes  shall  be  limited  to  the  necessities  of  the  Government 
when  honestly  and  economically  administered. 

"We  denounce  the  McKinley  tariff  law  enacted  by  the  Fifty-first  Congress 
as  the  culminating  atrocity  of  class  legislation ;  we  indorse  the  efforts  made 
by  the  Democrats  of  the  present  Congrt;ss  to  modify  its  most  oppressive  feat- 
ure in  the  direction  of  free  raw  materials  and  cheaper  manufactured  goods 
that  enter  into  general  consumption,  and  we  promise  its  repeal  as  one  of  the 
beneficent  results  that  will  follow  the  action  of  the  people  in  inlrustin;j;  power 
to  the  Democratic  party.  Since  the  McKinley  tariff  went  into  opc;ration 
there  have  been  ten  reductions  of  the  wages  of  the  laboring  man  to  one  in- 
crease. We  deny  that  there  has  been  any  increase  of  prosperity  to  the  coun- 
try since  that  tariff  went  into  operation,  and  we  point  to  the  dullness  and  dis- 
tress, the  wage  reductions  and  strikes  in  the  iron  trade,  as  the  best  possible, 
evidence  that  no  such  prosp-r'.ty  has  resulted  from  the  McKinley  act. 

"We  call  the  attention  of  thoughtful  Americans  to  the  fact  that  after  tliirty 
years  of  restrictive  taxes  against  the  importation  of  foreign  wealth,  in  ex- 
ehgnge  for  our  agricultural  surplus,  the  homes  and  farms  of  the  country  have 
"^^come  burdened  with  a  real  estate  mortgage  debt  of  over  $2,500,000,000, 
exclusiv?  ^^  "'-  °-^^  ^^"^"^^  °^  indebtedness ;  that  in  one  of  the  chief  agri- 


204  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

cultural  States  of  the  West  there  appears  a  real  estate  mDrtgage  debt  averag- 
ing $165  per  capita  of  the  total  population,  and  that  similar  conditions  and 
tendencies  are  shown  to  exist  in  other  agricultural  exporting  States.  We 
denounce  a  policy  which  fosters  no  industry  so  much  as  it  does  that  of  the 
sheriff. 

"Section  4.  Trade  interchange  on  the  basis  of  reciprocal  advantages  to  the 
countries  participating  is  a  time-honored  doctrine  of  the  Democratic  faith, 
but  we  denounce  the  sham  reciprocity  which  juggles  with  the  people's  desire 
for  enlarged  foreign  markets  and  freer  exchanges  by  pretending  to  establish 
closer  trade  relations  for  a  country  whose  articles  of  export  are  almost  ex- 
clusively agricultural  products  with  other  countries  that  are  also  agricultural, 
while  erecting  a  custom-house  barrier  of  prohibitive  tariff  taxes  against  the 
richest  countries  of  the  world  that  stand  ready  to  take  our  entire  sur- 
plus of  products  and  to  exchange  therefor  commodities  which  are  necessaries 
and  comforts  of  life  among  our  own  people. 

"Section  5.  We  recognize  in  the  trusts  and  combinations  which  are  de- 
signed to  enable  capital  to  secure  more  than  its  just  share  of  the  joint  product 
of  capital  and  labor  a  natural  consequence  of  the  prohibitive  taxes  which  pre- 
vent the  free  competition  which  is  the  life  of  honest  trade,  but  believe 
their  worst  evils  can  be  abated  by  law,  and  we  demand  the  rigid  enforce- 
ment of  the  laws  made  to  prevent  and  control  them,  together  with  such  fur- 
ther legislation  in  restraint  of  their  abuses  as  experience  may  show  to  be  nec- 
essary. 

"Section  6.  The  Republican  party,  while  professing  a  policy  of  reserving 
the  public  land  for  small  holdings  by  actual  settlers,  has  given  away  the  peo- 
ple's heritage,  till  now  a  few  railroads  and  non-resident  aliens,  individual  and 
corporate,  possess  a  larger  area  than  that  of  all  our  farms  between  the  two 
seas.  The  last  Democratic  administration  reversed  the  improvident  and  un- 
wise policy  of  the  Republican  party  touching  the  public  domain,  and  re- 
claimed from  corporations  and  syndicates,  alien  and  domestic,  and  restored 
to  the  people  nearly  one  hundred  million  acres  of  valuable  land  to  be  sacredly 
held  as  homesteads  for  our  citizens,  and  we  pledge  ourselves  to  continue  this 
policy  until  every  acre  of  land  so  unlawfully  held  shall  be  reclaimed  and  re- 
stored to  the  people. 

"Section  7.  We  denounce  the  Republican  legislation  known  as  the  Sher- 
man act  of  1890  as  a  cowardly  makeshift,  fraught  with  possibilities  of  danger 
in  the  future,  which  should  make  all  of  its  supporters,  as  well  as  its  author, 
anxious  for  its  speedy  repeal.  We  hold  to  the  use  of  both  gold  and  silver  as 
the  standard  money  of  the  country  and  to  the  coinage  of  both  gold  and  sil- 
ver without  discriminating  against  either  metal  or  charge  for  mintage,  but 
the  dollar  unit  of  coinage  of  both  metals  mist  be  of  equal  intrinsic  and  ex- 
changeable value  or  be  adjusted  through  international  agreement  or  by  such 


DEMOCRATIC    PLATFORM.  205- 

safeguards  of  legislation  as  shall  insure  the  maintenance  of  the  parity  of  the 
two  metals  and  the  equal  power  of  every  dollar  at  all  tim>;s  in  the  markets 
and  in  the  payments  of  debt;  and  we  demand  that  all  paper  currency  shall  be 
kept  at  par  with  and  redeemable  in  such  coin.  We  insist  upon  this  policy  as 
especially  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  farmers  and  labjring  classes, 
the  first  and  most  defenseless  victims  of  unstible  money  and  a  fl[uctua*:ing 
currency. 

"Section  8.  We  recommend  that  the  prohibitory  lo  per  cent,  tax  on  Stat 
bank  issues  be  repealed. 

"  Section  9.  Public  office  is  a  public  trust.  We  reaffirm  the  declaration  of 
the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1876  for  the  reform  of  the  civil  serv- 
ice, and  we  call  for  the  honest  enfjrcement  of  all  laws  regulating  the  same. 
The  nomination  of  a  President,  as  in  the  recent  Republican  Convention,  by 
.delegations  compDsed  largely  of  his  appDintees,  holding  office  at  his  pleasure, 
is  a  scandalous  satire  upon  free  popular  institulions  and  a  startling  illustration 
of  the  methods  by  which  a  President  miy  gratify  his  ambition.  We  de- 
nounce a  policy  under  which  federal  office-holders  usurp  control  of  party  con- 
yentions  in  the  States,  and  we  pledge  the  Democratic  party  to  the  reform  of 
these  and  all  other  abuses  which  threaten  individual  liberty  and  local  self- 
government. 

"  Section  10.  Tne  Democratic  party  is  the  only  party  that  has  ever  given 
the  country  a  foreign  policy  consistent  and  vigorous,  compelling  respect 
abroad,  and  inspiring  confidence  at  home.  While  avoiding  entangling  alli- 
ances, it  has  aimed  to  cultivate  friendly  relations  with  other  nations  and  es- 
pecially with  our  neighbors  on  the  American  continent,  whose  destiny  is 
closely  linked  with  our  own,  and  we  view  with  alarm  the  tendency  to  a  policy 
of  irritation  and  bluster  which  is  liable  at  any  time  to  confront  us  with  the  alter- 
native of  humiliation  or  war.  We  favor  the  maintenance  of  a  navy  strong 
enough  for  all  purposes  of  national  defense,  and  to  properly  maintain  the 
honor  and  dignity  of  the  country  abroad. 

"  Section  II.  This  country  has  always  been  the  refuge  of  the  oppressed  from 
every  land — exiles  for  conscience  sake— and  in  the  spirit  of  the  founders  of 
our  Government  we  condemn  the  oppression  practiced  by  the  Russian  Govern- 
ment upon  its  Luthern  and  Jewish  subjects,  and  we  call  upon  our  National 
Government,  in  the  interests  of  justice  and  hummity,  and  by  all  just  and 
prop.-r  means  to  use  its  prompt  and  best  effort  to  bring  about  a  cessation  of 
these  cruel  persecutions  in  the  dominions  of  the  Czar,  and  to  secure  to  the 
oppressed  equal  rights. 

"  We  tender  our  profound  and  earnest  sympathy  to  .hose  lovers  of  freedom 
who  are  struggling  for  home  rule  and  the  great  cause  of  local  self-govcremcnt 
in  Ireland. 

"Section  12.   We  heartily  approve  all   legitimate  efforts  to   prevent  the 


206  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

United  States  from  being  used  as  a  dumping  ground  for  the  known  criminals 
and  professional  paupers  of  Europe  and  we  demand  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the 
laws  against  Chinese  immigration  or  the  importation  of  foreign  workmen  under 
contract  to  degrade  American  labor  and  lessen  its  wages;  but  we  condemn  and 
denounce  any  and  all  attempts  to  restrict  the  immigration  of  the  industrious 
and  worthy  of  foreign  lands. 

"Section  13.  This  convention  hereby  renews  the  expression  of  apprecia- 
tion of  the  patriotism  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  Union  in  the  war  for 
its  preservation,  and  we  favor  just  and  liberal  pensions  for  all  disabled  Union 
soldiers,  their  widows  and  dependents,  but  we  demand  that  the  work  of  the 
Pension  Office  shall  be  done  industriously,  impartially,  and  honestly.  We 
denounce  the  present  administration  of  that  office  as  incompetent,  corrupt, 
disgraceful,  and  dishonest. 

"  Section  14  The  Federal  Government  should  care  for  and  improve  the 
Mississippi  river  and  other  great  waterways  of  the  Republic  so  as  tosecure'for 
the  interior  States  easy  and  cheap  transportation  to  tide  water.  When  any 
waterway  of  the  public  is  of  sufficient  importance  to  demand  the  aid  of 
the  Government — such  aid  should  be  extended  upon  a  definite  plan  of  continu- 
ous work  until  permanent  improvement  is  secured. 

"  Section  15.  For  purposes  of  national  defense,  and  the  promotion  of  com- 
merce between  the  States,  we  recognize  the  early  construction  of  the  Nicara- 
gua canal  and  its  protection  against  foreign  control  as  of  great  importance  to 
the  United  States. 

"  Section  16.  Recognizing  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  as  a  national 
undertaking  of  vast  importance  in  which  the  General  Government  has  invited 
the  co-operation  of  all  the  powers  of  the  world,  and  appreciating  the  accept- 
ance by  many  of  such  powers  of  the  invitation  so  extended,  and  the  broadest 
liberal  efforts  being  made  by  them  to  contribute  to  the  grandeur  of  the  under- 
taking, we  are  of  the  opinion  that  Congress  should  make  such  necessary  finan- 
cial provision  as  shall  be  requisite  to  the  maintenance  of  the  national  honor 
and  public  faith. 

"Section  17.  Popular  education  being  the  only  safe  basis  of  popular  suf- 
frage, we  recommend  to  the  several  States  most  liberal  appropriations  for  the 
public  schools.  Free  common  schools  are  the  nursery  of  good  government, 
and  they  have  always  received  the  fostering  care  of  the  Democratic  party, 
which  favors  every  means  of  increasing  intelligence.  Freedom  of  education 
being  an  essential  of  civil  and  religious  liberty  as  well  as  a  necessity  for  the 
development  of  intelligence,  must  not  be  interfered  with  under  any  pretext 
whatever.  We  are  opposed  to  State  interference  with  parental  rights  and 
rights  of  conscience  in  the  education  of  children  as  an  infringment  of  a  funda- 
mental Democratic  doctrine  that  the  largest  individual  liberty  consistent  with 
the  rights  of  others  insures  the  highest  type  of  American  citizenship  and  the 
best  government. 


DEMOCRATIC   PLATFORM.  207 

"  Section  i8.  We  approve  the  action  of  the  present  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  passsing  bills  for  admitting  into  the  Union  as  States  the  Terri- 
tories of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  and  we  favor  the  early  admission  of  all  the 
Territories  having  the  necessary  population  and  resources  to  entitle  them  to 
statehood,  and  while  they  remain  Territories  we  hold  that  the  officials  ap- 
pointed to  administer  the  Government  of  any  Territory,  t  )gether  with  the 
District  of  Columbia  and  Alaska,  should  be  bona  fide  residents  of  the  Terri- 
tory or  District  in  which  their  duties  are  to  be  performed.  Tne  Democratic 
party  believes  in  home  rule  and  the  control  of  their  own  affairs  by  the  people 
of  the  vicinage. 

"Section  19.  We  favor  legislation  by  Congress  and  State  legislatures  to 
protect  the  lives  and  limbs  of  railway  employees  and  those  of  other  hazardous 
transportation  companies,  and  denounce  the  inactivity  of  the  Republican 
party,  particularly  the  Republican  Senate,  for  causing  the  defeat  of  measures 
beneficial  and  protective  to  this  class  of  wage  workers. 

"  Section  20.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  enactment  by  the  States  of  laws  for 
abolishing  the  notorious  sweating  system,  for  abolishing  contract  convict  labor, 
and  for  prohibiting  the  employment  in  factories  of  children  under  fifteen 
years  of  age. 

"  Section  21.  We  are  opposed  to  all  sumptuary  laws  as  an  interference  with 
the  individual  rights  of  the  citizen.  * 

"  Section  22.  Upon  thisstatement  of  principles  and  policies  the  Democratic 
party  asks  the  intelligent  judgment  of  the  American  people.  It  asks  a  change 
of  administration  and  a  change  of  party,  in  order  that  there  might  be  a  change 
of  system  and  a  change  of  methods,  thus  assuring  the  maintenance  unimpared 
of  institutions  under  which  the  Republic  has  grown  great  and  powerful." 


20S  DEMOCRATIC   CAIMPAIGN   BOOK. 


GROVER  CLEVELAND'S  LETTER 

Accepting  the  Democratic    Nomination  for  the   Presi- 
dency in  1892. 


To  Hon.  William  L.  Wilson  and  Others,  Committee.,  etc. 

Gentlemen  :  In  responding  to  your  formal  notification  of  my  nomination 
to  the  Presidency  by  the  National  Democracy,  I  hope  I  may  be  permitted  to 
Siy  at  the  outset  that  continued  reflection  and  observation  hav^e  confirmed  me 
in  my  adherence  to  the  opinions,  which  I  have  heretofore  plainly  and  pub- 
licly declared,  touching  the  questions  involved  in  the  canvass. 

This  is  a  time,  above  all  others,  when  these  questions  should  be  considered 
in  the  light  afforded  by  a  sober  apprehension  of  the  principles  upon  which 
our  Government  is  based  and  a  clear  understanding  of  the  relation  it  bears  to 
the  people  for  whose  benefit  it  was  created.  We  shall  thus  be  supplied  with 
a  test  by  which  the  value  of  any  proposition  relating  to  the  maintenance  and 
administration  of  our  Government  can  be  ascertained  and  by  which  the  jus- 
tice and  honesty  of  every  political  question  can  be  judged.  If  doctrines  or 
theories  are  presented  which  do  not  satisfy  this  test,  loyal  Americanism  must 
pronounce  them  false  and  mischievous. 

The  protection  of  the  people  in  the  exclusive  use  and  enjoyment  of  their 
property  and  earnings  concededly  constitutes  the  especial  purpose  and  mis- 
sion of  our  free  Government.  This  design  is  so  interwoven  with  the  structure 
of  ou^r  plan  of  rule  that  failure  to  protect  the  citizen  in  such  use  and  enjoy- 
ment, or  their  unjustifiable  diminution  by  the  Government  itself,  is  a  betrayal 
of  the  people's  trust. 

We  have,  however,  undertaken  to  build  a  great  nation  upon  a  plan  espec- 
ially our  own.  To  maintain  it  and  to  furnish  through  its  agency  the  means 
for  the  accomplishment  of  national  objects  the  American  people  are  willing 
through  Federal  taxation  to  surrender  a  part  of  their  earnings  and  income. 

Tariff  legislation  presents  a  familiar  form  of  Federal  taxaion.  Such  leg- 
islation results  as  surely  in  a  tax  upon  the  daily  life  of  our  people  as  the  trib- 
ute paid  directly  into  the  hand  of  the  tax-gatherer.  We  feel  the  burden  of 
these  tariff  taxes  too  palpably  to  be  persuaded  by  any  sophistry  that  they  do 
not  exist,  or  are  paid  for  by  foreigners. 

Such  taxes,  representing  a  diminution  of  the  property  rights  of  the  peo- 
ple, are  only  justifiable  when  laid  and  collected  for  the  purpose  of  maintain- 
ing our  government,  and  furnishing  the  means  for  the  accomplishment  of  its 


GROVER  Cleveland's  letter  of  acceptance.  209 

legitimate  purposes  and  functions.  This  is  taxtation  under  the  operation  of 
1  tariff  for  revenue.  It  accords  with  the  professions  of  American  free  in- 
stitutions, and  its  justice  and  honesty  answer  the  test  supplied  by  a  correct 
ippreciation  of  the  principles  upon  which  these  institutions  rest. 

This  theory  of  tariff  legislation  manifestly  enjoins  strict  economy  in  public 
expenditures  and  their  limitation  to  legitimate  public  uses,  inasmuch  as  it 
exhibits  as  absolute  extortion  any  exaction,  by  way  of  taxation,  from  the 
substance  of  the  people,  beyond  the  necessities  of  a  careful  and  proper  ad- 
ministration of  government. 

Opposed  to  this  theory  the  dogma  is  now  boldly  presented,  that  tariff  tax- 
ation is  justifiable  for  the  express  purpose  and  intent  of  thereby  promoting 
especial  interests  and  enterprises.  Such  a  proposition  is  so  clearly  contrary 
to  the  spirit  of  our  Constitution  and  so  directly  encourages  the  disturbance 
by  selfishness  and  greed  of  patriotic  sentiment,  that  its  statement  would 
rudely  shock  our  people,  if  they  had  not  already  been  insidiously  allured 
from  the  safe  landmarks  of  principle.  Never  have  honest  desire  for  national 
growth,  patriotic  devotion  to  country,  and  sincere  regard  for  those  who  toil, 
been  so  betrayed  to  the  support  of  a  pernicious  doctrine.  In  its  behalf,  the 
plea  that  our  infant  industries  should  be  fostered,  did  service  until  discredited 
by  our  stalwart  growth;  then  followed  the  exigencies  of  a  terrible  war  which 
made  our  people  heedless  of  the  opportunities  for  ulterior  schemes  afforded 
by  their  willing  and  patriotic  payment  of  unprecedented  tribute;  and  now, 
after  a  long  period  of  peace,  when  our  overburdened  countrymen  ask  for  re- 
lief and  a  restoration  to'  a  fuller  enjoyment  of  their  incomes  and  earnings 
they  are  met  by  the  claim  that  tariff  taxation  for  the  sake  of  protection  is  an 
American  system,  the  continuance  of  which  is  necessary  in  order  that  high 
wages  may  be  paid  to  our  workingmen  and  a  home  market  be  provided  for 
our  farm  products. 

These  pretenses  should  no  longer  deceive.  The  truth  is  that  such  a  system 
is  directly  antagonized  by  evary  sentiment  of  justice  and  fairness  of  which 
Americans  are  pre-eminently  proud.  It  is  also  true  that  while  our  workmen 
and  farmers  can,  the  least  of  all  our  people,  defend  themselves  against  the 
harder  home  life  which  such  tariff  taxation  decrees,  the  workingman  suffering 
from  the  importation  and  employment  of  pauper  labor  instigated  by  his  pro- 
fessed friends,  and  seeking  security  for  his  interests  in  organized  co-operation, 
still  waits  for  a  division  of  the  advantages  secured  to  his  employer  undercover 
of  a  generous  solicitude  for  his  wages,  while  the  farmer  is  learning  that  the 
prices  of  his  products  are  fixed  in  foreign  markets;  where  he  suffers  from  a 
competition  invited  and  built  up  by  the  system  he  is  asked  to  support. 

The  struggle  for  unearned  advantages  at  the  doors  of  the  Government  tram- 
ples on  the  rights  of  those  who  patiently  rely  upon  assurances  of  American 
equality.     Every  governmental  concession  to  clamorous  favorites  invites  cor- 


210  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

ruption  in  political  affairs  by  encouraging  the  expenditure  of  money  to  de- 
bauch suffrage  in  support  of  a  policy  directly  favorable  to  private  and  selfish 
gain.  This  in  the  end  must  strangle  patriotism  and  weaken  popular  confi- 
dence in  the  rectitude  of  republican  institutions. 

Though  the  subject  of  tariff  legislation  involves  a  question  of  markets,  it 
also  involves  a  question  of  morals.  We  cannot  with  impunity  permit  injustice 
to  taint  the  spirit  of  right  and  equity  which  is  the  life  of  our  republic ;  and 
we  shall  fail  to  reach  our  national  destiny  if  greed  and  selfishness  lead  the  way. 

Recognizing  these  truths,  the  National  Democracy  will  seek  by  the  applica- 
tion of  just  and  sound  principles  to  equalize  to  our  people  the  blessings  due 
them  from  the  government  they  support,  to  promote  among  our  countrymen 
a  closer  community  of  interests  cemented  by  patriotism  and  national  pride, 
and  to  point  out  a  fair  field,  where  prosperous  and  diversified  American  enter- 
prise may  grow  and  thrive  in  the  wholesome  atmosphere  of  American  indus- 
try, ingenuity  and  intelligence. 

Tariff  reform  is  still  our  purpose.  Though  we  oppose  the  theory  that  tariff 
laws  may  be  passed  having  for  their  object  the  granting  of  discriminating  and 
unfair  governmental  aid  to  private  ventures,  we  wage  no  exterminating  war 
against  any  American  interests.  We  believe  a  readjustment  can  be  accom- 
plished in  accordance  with  the  principles  we  profess  without  disaster  or  de- 
molition. We  believe  that  the  advantages  of  freer  raw  materials  should  be  ac- 
corded to  our  manufacturers,  and  we  contemplate  a  fair  and  careful  distribu- 
tion of  necessary  tariff  burdens,  rather  than  the  precipitation  of  free  trade. 

We  anticipate  with  calmness  the  misrepresentation  of  our  motives  and  pur- 
poses, instigated  by  a  selfishness  which  seeks  to  hold  in  unrelenting  grasp  its 
unfair  advantage  under  present  tariff  laws.  We  will  rely  upon  the  intelligence 
of  our  fellow  countrymen  to  reject  the  charge  that  a  party  comprising  a  ma- 
jority of  our  people  is  planning  the  destruction  or  injury  of  American  inter, 
ests ;  and  we  know  they  cannot  be  frightened  by  the  spectre  of  impossible 
free  trade. 

The  administration  and  management  of  our  Government  depend  upon 
popular  will.  Federal  power  is  the  instrument  of  that  will — not  its  master. 
Therefore  the  attempt  of  the  opponents  of  Democracy  to  interfere  with  and 
control  the  suffrage  of  the  States  through  federal  agencies,  develops  a  design, 
which  no  explanation  can  mitigate,  to  reverse  the  fundamental  and  safe  rela- 
tions between  the  people  and  their  government.  Such  an  attempt  cannot  fail 
to  bt  regarded  by  thoughtful  men  as  proof  of  a  bold  determination  to  secure  the 
ascendancy  of  a  discredited  party  in  reckless  disregard  of  a  free  expression 
of  ths  popular  will.  To  resist  such  a  scheme  is  an  impulse  of  Democracy. 
At  all  times  and  in  all  places  we  trust  the  people.  As  against  a  disposition 
to  force  the  way  to  federal  power  we  present  to  them,  as  our  claim  to  their 
confidence  and  support,  a  steady  championship  of  their  rights. 


GROVER  Cleveland's  letter  of  acceptance.  211 

The  people  are  entitled  to  sound  and  honest  money,  abundantly  sufficient 
in  volume  to  supply  their  business  needs.  But  whatever  may  be  the  form  of 
the  people's  currency,  national  or  State — whether  gold,  silver  or  paper — it 
should  be  so  regulated  and  guarded  by  governmental  action,  or  by  wise  and 
careful  laws,  that  no  one  can  be  deluded  as  to  the  certainty  and  stability  of 
its  value.  Every  dollar  put  into  the  hands  of  the  people  should  be  of  the 
same  intrinsic  value  or  purchasing  power.  With  this  condition  absolutely 
guaranteed,  both  gold  and  silver  can  be  safely  utilized,  upon  equal  terms,  in 
the  adjustment  of  our  currency. 

In  dealing  with  this  subject  no  selfish  scheme  should  be  allowed  to  inter- 
vene and  no  doubtful  experiment  should  be  attempted.  The  wants  of  our 
people,  arising  from  the  deficiency  or  imperfect  distribution  of  money  circu- 
lation, ought  to  be  fully  and  honestly  recognized  and  efficiently  remedied. 
It  should,  however,  be  constantly  remembered  that  the  inconvenience  or  loss 
that  might  arise  from  such  a  situation,  can  be  much  easier  borne  than  the 
universal  distress  which  must  follow  a  discredited  currency. 

Public  officials  are  the  agents  of  the  people.  It  is,  therefore,  their  duty  to 
secure  for  those  whom  they  represent  the  best  and  most  efficient  performance 
of  public  work.  This  plainly  can  be  best  accomplished  by  regarding  ascer- 
tained fitness  in  the  selection  of  Government  employees.  These  considera- 
tions alone  are  sufficient  justification  for  an  honest  adherence  to  the  letter 
and  spirit  of  Civil  Service  Reform.  There  a  e,  however,  other  features  of 
this  plan  which  abundantly  commend  it.  Through  its  operation  worthy 
merit  in  every  station  and  condition  of  American  life  is  recognized  in  the 
distribution  of  public  employment,  while  its  application  tends  to  raise  the 
standard  of  political  activity  from  spoil  hunting  and  unthinking  party  affilia- 
tion to  the  advocacy  of  party  principles  by  reason  and  argument. 

The  .\merican  people  are  generous  and  grateful ;  and  they  have  impressed 
these  characteristics  upon  their  Government.  Therefore,  all  patriotic  and  just 
citizens  must  commend  liberal  consideration  for  our  worthy  veteran  soldiers 
and  for  the  families  of  those  who  have  died.  No  complaint  should  be  made 
of  the  amount  of  public  money  paid  to  those  actually  disabled  or  made  de- 
pendent by  reason  of  army  service.  But  our  pension  roll  should  be  a  roll  of 
honor,  uncontaminated  by  ill  desert  and  unvitiated  by  demagogic  use.  This 
is  due  to  those  whose  worthy  names  adorn  the  roll,  and  to  all  our  people  who 
delight  to  honor  the  brave  and  the  true.  It  is  also  due  to  those  who  in  years 
to  come  should  be  allowed  to  hear,  reverently  and  lovingly,  the  story  of 
American  patriotism  and  fortitude,  illustrated  by  our  pension  roll.  The 
preference  accorded  to  veteran  soldiers  in  public  employment  should  be  se- 
cured to  them  honestly  and  without  evasion,  and  when  capable  and  worthy, 
their  claim  to  the  helpful  regard  and  gratitude  of  their  countrymen  should 
b«.-  ungrudgingly  acknowledged. 


212  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

The  assurance  to  the  people  of  the  utmost  individual  liberty  consistent 
with  peace  and  good  order  is  a  cardinal  principle  of  our  government.  This 
gives  no  sanction  to  vexatious  sumptuary  laws  which  unnecessarily  interfere 
with  such  habits  and  customs  of  our  people  as  are  not  offensive  to  a  just  moral 
sense  and  are  not  inconsistent  with  good  citizenship  and  the  public  welfare. 
The  same  principle  requires  that  the  line  between  the  subjects  which  are 
properly  within  governmental  control  and  those  which  are  more  fittingly  left 
lo  parental  regulation  should  be  carefully  kept  in  view.  An  enforced  educa- 
tion, wisely  deemed  a  proper  preparation  for  citizenship,  should  not  invohe 
the  impairment  of  wholesome  parental  authority  nor  do  violence  to  the  house- 
hold conscience.  Paternalism  in  government  finds  no  approval  in  the  creed 
of  Democracy.  It  is  a  symptom  of  misrule,  whether  it  is  manifested  in  un- 
authorized gifts  or  by  an  unwarranted  control  of  personal  and  family   affairs. 

Our  people,  still  cherishing  the  feeling  of  human  fellowship  which  belonged 
to  our  beginning  as  a  nation,  require  their  government  to  express  for  them 
their  sympathy  with  all  those  who' are  oppressed  under  any  rule  less  free  than 
ours. 

A  generous  hospitality,  which  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  our  national 
characteristics,  prompts  us  to  welcome  the  worthy  and  industrious  of  all  lands 
to  homes  and  citizenship  among  us.  This  hospitable  sentiment  is  not  violated, 
however,  by  careful  and  reasonable  regulations  for  the  protection  of  the  public 
health,  nor  does  it  justify  the  reception  of  immigrants  who  have  no  apprecia- 
tion of  our  institutions  and  whose  presence  among  us  is  a  menace  to  peace  and 
good  order. 

The  importance  of  the  construction  of  the  Nicaragua  Ship  Canal  as  a  means 
of  promoting  commerce  between  out  States  and  with  foreign  countries,  and 
also  as  a  contribution  by  Americans  to  the  enterprises  which  advance  the  in- 
terests of  the  world  of  civilization,  should  commend  the  project  to  gov- 
ernmental approval  and  indorsement. 

Our  countrymen  not  only  expect  from  those  who  represent  them  in  public 
places  a  sedulous  care  for  things  which  are  directly  and  palpably  related  to 
their  material  interests,  but  they  also  fully  appreciate  the  value  of  cultivating 
our  national  pride  and  hiaintaining  our  national  honor.  Both  their  material 
interests  and  their  national  pride  and  honor  are  involved  in  the  success  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  ;  and  they  will  not  be  inclined  to  condone  any  neglect 
of  effort  on  the  part  of  their  Government  to  insure  in  the  grandeur  of  this  event 
a  fitting  exhibit  of  American  growth  and  greatness,  and  asplendid  demonstra- 
tion of  .\merican  patriotism. 

Injan  imperfect  and  incomplete  manner,  I  have  thus  endeavored  to  state 
some  of  the  things  which  accord  with  the  creed  and  intentions  of  the  party  to 
which  I  have  given  my  life- long  allegiance.  My  attempt  has  not  been  to  in- 
struct my  countrymen  nor  my  paity,  but  to  remind  both  that  Democratic  doc- 


GROVER    CLEVELAND'S    LETTER    OF    ACCEPTANCE.  213 

trine  lies  near  the  principles  of  our  Government  and  tends  to  promote  the 
people's  good.  I  am  willing  to  be  accused  of  addressing  my  countrymen 
upon  trite  topics  and  in  homely  fashion,  for  I  believe  that  important  truths 
are  found  on  the  surface  of  thought,  and  that  they  should  be  stated  in  direct 
and  simple  terms.  Though  much  is  left  unwritten,  my  record  as  a  public  ser- 
vant leaves  no  excuse  for  misunderstanding  my  belief  and  position  on  the 
questions  which  are  now  presented  to  the  voters  of  the  land  for  their  de- 
cision. 

Called  for  the  third  time  to  represent  the  party  of  my  choice  in  a  contest 
for  the  supremacy  of  Democratic  principles,  my  greatful  appreciation  of  its 
confidence  less  than  ever  effaces  the  solemn  sense  of  my  responsibility. 

If  the  action  of  the  Convention  you  represent  shall  be  endorsed  by  the  suf- 
frages of  my  countrymen,  I  will  assume  the  duties  of  the  great  office  for  which 
I  have  been  nominated,  knowing  full  well  its  labors  and  perplexities,  and  with 
humble  reliance  upon  the  Divine  Being,  infinite  in  power  to  aid,  and  con- 
stant in  a  watchful  care  over  our  favored  Nation. 
Yours  very  truly, 

GROVER  CLEVELAND. 

Gray  Gables,  September  26,  i8g2. 


214  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAKiN    BOOK. 


CLEVELAND  TO  WILSON. 

The  President's  Letter  of  July  2,  1894,  on  the  Tariff. 


Executive  Mansion',  Washington,  July  2,  1894. 

My  Dear  Sir:  The  certainty  that  a  conference  will  be  ordered  between 
the  two  houses  of  Congress  for  the  purpose  of  adjusting  differences  on  the 
subject  of  tariff  legislation  makes  it  also  certain  that  you  will  be  again  called 
on  to  do  hard  service  in  the  cause  of  tarift"  reform. 

My  public  life  has  been  so  closely  related  to  the  subject,  I  have  so  longed 
for  its  accomplishment,  and  I  have  so  often  promised  its  realization  to  my 
fellow  countrymen  as  a  result  of  their  trust  and  confidence  in  the  Democratic 
party,  that  I  hope  no  excuse  is  necessary  for  my  earnest  appeal  to  you  that  in 
this  crisis  you  strenuously  insist  upon  party  honesty  and  good  faith  and  a 
sturdy  adherence  to  Democratic  principles. 

I  believe  these  are  absolutely  necessary  conditions  to  the  continuation  of 
Democratic  existence. 

I  cannot  rid  myself  of  the  feeling  that  this  conference  will  present  the  best 
if  not  the  only  hope  of  true  Democracy.  Indications  point  to  its  action  as 
the  reliance  of  those  who  desire  the  genuine  fruition  of  Democratic  eftbrt, 
the  fulfillment  of  Democratic  pledges  and  the  redemption  of  Democratic 
promises  to  the  people.  To  reconcile  differences  in  the  details  comprised 
within  the  fixed  and  well-defined  lines  of  principle  will  not  be  the  sole  task 
of  the  conference  ;  but  as  it  seems  to  me  its  members  will  also  have  in  charge 
the  question  whether  Democratic  principles  themselves  are  to  be  saved  or 
abandoned. 

There  is  no  excuse  for  mistaking  or  misapprehending  the  feeling  and  tem- 
per of  the  rank  and  file  of  the  Democracy.  They  are  downcast  under  the 
assertion  that  their  party  fails  in  ability  to  manage  the  Government,  and  they 
are  apprehensive  that  efforts  to  bring  about  tariff  reform  may  fail ;  but  they  are 
much  more  downcast  and  apprehensive  in  their  fear  that  Democratic  princi- 
ples may  be  surrendered. 

In  these  circumstances  they  cannot  do  other^-ise  than  to  look  with  confi- 
denie  to  you  and  those  who  with  you   have  patriotically  and  sincerely  cham- 


CLEVELAND'S    LETTER    TO    WILSON.  215 

pioned  the  cause  of  tariff  reform  within  Democratic  lines  and  guided  by 
Democratic  principles.  This  confidence  is  vastly  augmented  by  the  action 
under  your  leadership  of  the  House  of  Representatives  upon  the  bdl  now 

pending.  • 

Every  true  Democrat  and  every  sincere  tariff  reformer  knows  that  this  bill 
in  its  present  form  and  as  it  will  be  submitted  to  the  conference,  falls  far  short 
of  the  consummation  for  which  we  have  long  labored,  for  which  we  have  suf- 
fered defeat  without  discouragement;  which  in  its  anticipation  gave  us  a  ral- 
lying cry  in  our  day  of  triumph,  and  which,  in  its  promise  of  accomplishment 
is  so  interwoven  with  Democratic  pledges  and  Democratic  success,  that  our 
abandonment  of  the  cause  or  principles  upon  which  it  rests,  means  party  per- 
fidy and  party  dishonor. 

One  topic  will  be  submitted  to  the  conference  which  embodies  Democratic 
principle  so  directly  that  it  cannot  be  compromised.  We  have  in  our  plat- 
forms and  in  every  way  possible  declared  in  favor  of  the  free  importation  of 
raw  materials.  We  have  again  and  again  promised  that  this  should  be  ac- 
corded to  our  people  and  our  manufacturers  as  soon  as  the  Democratic  party 
was  invested  with  the  power  to  determine  the  tariff  policy  of  the  country. 

The  party  now  has  that  power.  We  are  as  certain  today  as  we  have  ever 
been  of  the  great  benefit  that  would  accrue  to  the  country  from  the  inaugura- 
tion of  this  policy,  and  nothing  has  occurred  to  release  us  from  our  obligation 
to  secure  this  advantage  to  our  people.  It  must  be  admitted  that  no  tariff- 
measure  can  accord  with  Democratic  principles  and  promises,  or  bear  a  genu- 
ine Democratic  badge,  that  does  not  provide  for  free  raw  materials.  In  these 
circumstances  it  may  well  excite  our  wonder  that  Democrats  are  willing  to 
depart  from  this  the  most  Democratic  of  all  tariff  principles,  and  that  the  m- 
consistent  absurdity  of  such  a  proposed  departure  should  be  emphasized  by 
the  suggestion  that  the  wool  of  the  farmer  be  put  on  the  free  list  and  the  pro- 
tection of  tariff  taxation  be  placed  around  the  iron  ore  and  coal  of  corpora- 
tions and  capitalists. 

How  can  we  face  the  people  after  indulging  in  such  outrageous  discrimina- 
tions and  violations  of  principle  ?  . 
It  is  quite  apparent  that  this  question  of  free  raw  materials  does  not  admit 
of  adjustment  on  any  middle  ground,  since  their  subjection  to  any  rate  of 
tariff  taxation,  great  or  small,  is  alike  violative  of  Democratic  principle  and 
Democratic  good  faith. 

I  hope  you  will  not  consider  it  intrusive  if  I  say  something  in  relation  to 
another  subject  which  can  hardly  fail  to  be  troublesome  to  the  conference.  I 
refer  to  the  adjustment  of  tariff  taxation  on  sugar. 

Under  our  party  platform  and  in  accordance  with  our  declared  party  pur- 
poses, sugar  is  a  legitimate  and  logical  article  of  revenue  taxation.  Unfortu- 
nately, however,  incidents  have  accompanied  certain  stages  of  the  legislation 


216  DEMOCRATIC   CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 

which  will  be  submitted  to  the  conference  that  have  aroused  in  connection 
with  this  subject  a  natural  Democratic  animosity  to  the  methods  and  manipu- 
krJQjis  of  trusts  and  combinations. 

I  confess  to  sharing  in  this  feeling;  and  yet  it  seems  to  me  we  ought,  if 
possible,  to  sufficiently  free  ourselves  from  prejudice  to  enable  us  coolly  to 
weigh  the  considerations  which,  in  formulating  tariff  legislation,  ought  to 
guide  our  treatment  of  sugar  as  a  taxable  article.  While  no  tenderness  should 
be  entertained  for  trusts,  and  while  I  am  decidedly  opposed  to  granting  them, 
under  the  guise  of  tariff  taxation,  any  opportunity  tD  further  their  peculiar 
methods.  I  suggest  that  we  ought  not  to  be  driven  away  from  the  Democratic 
principle  and  policy  which  lead  to  the  taxation  of  sugar  by  the  fear,  quite 
likely  exaggerated,  that  in  carrying  out  this  principle  and  policy  we  may  in- 
directly and  inordinately  encourage  a  combination  of  sugar  refining  interests. 
I  know  that  in  present  conditions  this  is  a  delicate  subject,  and  I  appreciate 
the  depth  and  strength  of  the  feeling  which  its  treatment  has  aroused. 

I  do  not  believe  we  should  do  evil  that  good  may  come,  but  it  seems  to 
me  that  we  should  not  forget  that  our  aim  is  the  completion  of  a  tariff  bill, 
and  that  in  taxing  sugar  for  proper  purposes  and  within  reasonable  bounds, 
whatever  else  may  be  said  of  our  action,  we  are  in  no  danger  of  running 
counter  to  Democratic  principle.  With  all  there  is  at  stake  there  must  be  in 
the  treatment  of  this  article  some  ground  upon  which  we  are  all  willing  to 
stand,  where  toleration  and  conciliation  may  be  allowed  to  solve  the  problem 
without  demanding  the  entire  surrender  of  fi.xed  and  conscientious  convic- 
tions. 

I  ought  not  to  prolong  this  letter.  If  what  1  have  written  is  unwelcome  I 
beg  you  to  believe  in  my  good  intentions. 

In  the  conclusions  of  the  conference  touching  the  numerous  items  which 
will  be  considered,  the  people  are  not  afraid  that  their  interests  will  be  neg- 
lected. They  know  that  the  general  result,  so  far  as  these  are  concerned, 
will  be  to  place  home  necessaries  and  comforts  easier  within  their  reach,  and 
to  insure  better  and  surer  compensation  to  those  who  toil. 

We  all  know  that  a  tariff  covering  all  the  varied  interests  and  conditions  of 
a  country  as  vast  as  ours,  must  of  necessity  be  largely  the  result  of  honorable 
adjustment  and  compromise.  I  expect  very  few  of  us  can  say  when  our  meas- 
ure is  perfected  that  all  the  features  are  entirely  as  we  would  prefer.  You 
know  how  much  I  deprecated  the  incorporation  in  the  proposed  bill  of  the 
income-tax  feature.  In  matters  of  this  kind,  however,  which  do  not  violate 
a  fixed  and  recognized  Democratic  doctrine  we  are  willing  to  defer  to  the 
judgment  of  a  majority  of  our  Democratic  brethren.  I  think  there  is  a  gene- 
ral agreement  that  this  is  party  duty. 

This  is  more  palpably  apparent  when  we  realize  that  the  business  of  our 
country  timidly  stands  and  watches  for  the  result  of  our  efforts  to  perfect  a 


CLEVELAND'S    LETTER   TO   WII^ON.  217 

(rise  adjustment,  and  that  a  confiding  people  still  trust  in  our  hand  their  pros- 
)erity  and  well-being. 

The  Democracy  of  the  land  plead  most  earestly  for  the  speedy  completion 
)f  the  tariff  legislation  which  their  Representatives  have  undertaken,  but  they 
lemand  not  less  earnestly  that  no  stress  of  necessity  shall  tempt  those  they 
rust  to  the  abandonment  of  Democratic  principle. 

Yours,  very  truly,  GROVER  CLEVELAND. 

Hon.  William  L.  Wilson. 


218  -  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAD>N    BOOK. 

THE  PRESIDENT  ON  THE  NEW  LAW. 

His  Letter  of  August  27,  1894,  to  Hon.  T.  C.  Catchings. 


Executive  Mansion. 
Washington,  August  2j,  iSgjf.. 
Hon.  T.  C.  Catchings. 

My  Dear  Sir  :  Since  the  conversation  I  had  with  you  and  Mr.  Clarke  of 
Alabama  a  few  days  ago  in  regard  to  my  action  on  the  tariff  bill  now  before 
me,  I  have  given  the  subject  further  and  most  serious  consideration.  The 
result  is  I  am  more  settled  than  ever  in  the  determination  to  allow  the  bill  to 
become  a  law  without  my  signature. 

When  the  formation  of  legislation  which  it  was  hoped  would  embody  Demo- 
cratic ideas  of  tariff  reform  was  lately  entered  upon  by  the  Congress,  nothing 
was  further  from  my  anticipation  than  a  result  which  I  could  not  promptly 
and  enthusiastically  indorse. 

It  is,  therefore,  with  a  feeling  of  the  utmost  disappointment  that  I  submit 
to  a  denial  of  this  privilege. 

I  do  not  claim  to  be  better  than  the  masses  of  my  party,  nor  do  I  wish  to 
avoid  any  responsibility  which,  on  account  of  the  passage  of  this  law,  I 
ought  to  bear  as  a  member  of  the  Democratic  organization.  Neither  will  I 
permit  myself  to  be  separated  from  my  party  to  such  an  extent  as  might  be 
implied  by  my  veto  of  tariff  legislation,  which,  though  disappointing,  is  still 
chargeable  to  Democratic  effort.  But  there  are  provisions  in  this  tariff  bill 
which  are  not  in  the  line  with  honest  tariff  reform,  and  it  contains  inconsist- 
encies and  crudities  which  ought  not  to  appear  in  tariff  laws  or  laws  of  any 
kind.  Besides,  there  were,  as  you  and  I  well  know,  incidents  accompanying 
the  passage  of  the  bill  through  the  Congress  which  made  every  sincere  tariff 
reformer  unhappy,  while  influences,  surrounded  it  in  its  later  stages  and  in- 
terfered with  its  final  construction,  which  ought  not  to  be  recognized  or  toler- 
ated in  Democratic  tariff  reform  counsels. 

And  yet,  notwithstanding  all  its  vicissitudes  and  ail  the  bad  treatment  it 
received  at  the  hands  of  pretended  friends,  it  presents  a  vast  improvement  to 
existing  conditi  ins.  It  will  certaintly  lighten  many  tariff  burdens  that  now 
rest  heavily  upon  the  people.  It  is  not  only  a  barrier  against  the  return  of 
mad  protection,  but  it  furnishes  a  vantage  ground  from  which  must  be  waged 
further  aggressive  operations  against  protected  monopoly  and  governmental 
favoritism. 


Cleveland's  letter    to  catchin<3S.  219 

I  take  my  place  with  the  rank  and  file  of  the  Democratic  party  who  believe 
n  tariff  reform,  and  who  know  what  it  is,  who  refuse  to  accept  the  resuUs 
:mbodied  m  this  bill  at  the  close  of  the  war,  who  are  not  blinded  to  the  fact 
:hat  the  livery  of  Democratic  tariff  reform  has  been  stolen  and  worn  in  the 
service  of  Republican  protection,  and  who  have  marked  the  places  where  the 
deadly  light  of  treason  has  blasted  the  counsels  of  the  brave  in  their  hour  of 

might. 

The  trusts  and  combinations— the  communism  of  pelf— whose  machinations 
have  prevented  us  from  reaching  the  success  we  deserved,  should  not  be  for- 
gotten or  forgiven.  We  shall  recover  from  our  astonishment  at  their  exhibi-  y 
tion  of  power,  and  if  then  the  question  is  forced  upon  us  whether  they  shall 
submit  to  the  free  legislative  will  of  the  people's  representatives,  or  shall  dic- 
tate the  laws  which  the  people  must  obey,  we  will  accept  and  settle  that  issue 
as  one  involving  the  integrity  and  safety  of  American  institutions. 

I  love  the  principles  of  true  Democracy  because  they  are  founded  in  patriot- 
ism and  upon  justice  and  fairness  toward  all  interests.  I  am  proud  of  my 
party  organization  because  it  is  conservatively  sturdy  and  persistent  in  the  en 
forcement  of  its  principles.  Therefore,  I  do  not  despair  of  the  efforts  made 
by  the  House  of  Representatives  to  supplement  the  bill  already  passed  by  fur- 
ther legislation,  and  to  have  engrafted  upon  it  such  modifications  as  will  more 
nearly  meet  Democratic  hopes  and  aspirations. 

I  cannot  be  mistaken  as  to  the  necessity  of  free  raw  materials  as  the  founda- 
tion of  logical  and  sensible  tariff  reform.  The  extent  to  which  this  is  recog- 
nized in  the  legislation  already  secured  is  one  of  its  encouraging  and  redeem- 
ing features,  but  it  is  vexatious  to  recall  that  while  free  coal  and  iron  ore  have 
been  denied  us,  a  recent  letter  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  discloses  the 
fact  that  both  might  have  been  made  free  by  the  annual  surrender  of  only  about 
$700,000  of  unnecessary  revenue. 

I  am  sure  that  there  is  a  common  habit  of  under-estimating  the  importance 
of ,. free  raw  materials  in  tariff  legislation,  and  of  regarding  them  as  only  re- 
lated to  concessions  to  be  made  to  our  manufacturers.  The  truth  is,  their  in- 
fluence is  so  far  reaching  that,  if  disregarded,  a  complete  and  beneficent 
scheme  of  tariff  reform  cannot  be  successfully  inaugurated. 

When  we  give  to  our  manufacturers  free  raw  materials  we  unshackle  Ameri- 
can enterprises  and  ingenuity,  and  these  will  open  the  doors  of  foreign  markets 
to  the  reception  of  our  wares  and  gi^e  opportunity  for  the  continuous  and  re- 
munerative employment  of  American  labor. 

With  materials  cheapened  by  their  freedom  from  tariff  charges  the  cost  of 
their  product  must  be  correspondingly  cheapened.  Thereupon  justice  and 
fairness  to  the  consumer  would  demand  that  the  manufacturers  be  obliged  to 
submit  to  such  a  readjustment  and  modification  of  the  tariff  upon  their  fin- 
ished goods  as  would   secure  to  the  people  the  benefit  of  the  reduced  cost  of 


220  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

their  manufacture,  and  shield  the  consumer  against  the   exaction    of  inordi- 
nate profits. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  free  raw  materials  and  a  just  and  fearless  regula- 
tion and  reduction  of  the  tariff  to  meet  the  changed  conditions  would  carry' 
to  every  humble  home  in  the  land  the  blessings  of  increased  comfort  and'- 
cheaper  living. 

The  millions  of  our  countrymen  who  have  fought  bravely  and  well  for  tariff  ■ 
reform  should  be  exhorted  to  continue  the  struggle,  boldly  challenging  to 
open  warfare  and  constantly  guarding  against  treachery  and  halfheartedness 
in  their  camp. 

Tariff  reform  will  not  be  settled  until  it  is  honestly  and  fairly  settled  in  the 
interest  and  to  the  benefit  of  a  patient  and  long-suffering  people. 
Yours  very  truly, 

GROVER  CLEVELAND. 


TAX    LAWS.  221 


TAX  LAWS. 

\n  Act  to  Subject  to  State  Taxation  National  Bank  Notes 
and  United  States  Treasury  Notes. 


Be  if  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ca  iyi  Congress  assembled,  That  circulating  notes  of  national  banking  associations 
Lnd  United  States  legal-tender  notes  and  other  notes  and  certificates  of  the  United 
states  payable  on  demand  and  circulating  or  intended  to  circulate  as  currency  and 
;old,  silver  or  other  coin  shall  be  subjed,  to  taxation  as  money  on  hand  or  on  de- 
)0sit  under  the  laws  of  any  State  or  Territory;  Provided,  That  any  such  taxation 
ihall  be  exercised  in  the  same  manner  and  at  the  same  rate  that  any  such  State  or 
rerritory  shall  tax  money  or  currency  circulating  as  money  within  its  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  not  be  deemed  or  held  to  change  ex- 
sting  laws  in  respect  of  the  taxation  of  national  banking  associations. 

Approved,  August  13,  1894. 


222  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 


SILVER  STATISTICS. 

The  Law  of  July  14, 1890,  Commonly  Called  the  Sherman 

Law. 


[Public— No.  214.] 


An  act  directing  the  purchase  of  silver  bullion  and  the  issue  of  Treasury  notes  thereon, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasiiry  is  hereby  directed  to  purchase, 
from  time  to  time,  silver  bullion  to  the  aggregate  amount  of  4,500,000  ounces,  or  so 
much  thereof  as  may  be  offered  in  each  mouth,  at  the  marketprice  thereof,  not  exceed- 
ing $1  for  371.25  grains  of  pure  silver,  and  to  issue  in  payment  for  such  purchases  of 
silver  bullion  Treasury  notes  of  the  United  States  to  be  prepared  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  in  such  form  and  of  such  denouinatious,  not  less  than  f  1  nor  more  than 
$1,000.  as  he  may  prescribe,  and  a  sum  sufficient  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of 
this  act  is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appro- 
priated. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Treasury  notes  issued  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  be  redeemable  on  demand,  in  coin,  at  tfte  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  or  at  the 
office  of  any  assistant  treastirer  of  the  United  States,  and  when  so  redeemed  may  be  re- 
issTied  :  but  no  greater  or  less  amoiint  of  such  notes  shall  be  outstanding  at  anj'  time 
than  the  cost  of  the  silver  bullion  and  the  standard  silver  dollars  coined  therefrom, 
then  held  in  the  Treasury,  purchased  by  such  notes ;  and  such  Treasury  notes  shall  be 
a  legal  tender  in  payment  of  all  debts,  public  and  private,  except  where  otherwise  ex- 
pressly stipulated  in  the  contract,  and  shall  be  receivable  for  customs,  taxes,  and  all 
piiblic  dvies,  and  when  so  received  may  be  reissxied  ;  and  such  notes,  when  held  by  any 
national  banking  association,  may  be  counted  as  a  part  of  jts  lawful  reserve.  That 
upon  demand  of  the  holder  of  any  of  the  Treasury  notes  herein  provided  for  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  shall,  under  such  regulations  as  he  maj^  prescribe,  redeem  such 
notes  in  gold  or  silver  coin,  at  his  discretion,  it  being  the  established  policy  of  the 
United  States  to  maintain  the  two  metals  on  a  parity  with  each  other  upon  the  present 
legal  ratio,  or  such  ratio  as  may  be  provided  by  law 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  each  month  coin  2,000.000  ounces  of 
silver  bullion  purchased  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  into  standard  silver  dollars 
until  the  1st  day  of  July,  1891,  and  after  that  time  he  shall  coin  of  the  silver  bullion 
purchased  under  the  provisiojis  of  this  act  as  much  as  may  be  necessary  to  provide  for 
the  redemption  of  the  Treasury  notes  herein  provided  for.  and  any  gain  or  seigniorage 
arising  from  siich  coinage  shall  be  accounted  for  and  paid  into  the  Treasury. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  silver  bullion  purchased  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be 
subject  to  the  requirements  of  existing  law  and  the  regulations  of  the  mint  service 
governing  the  methods  of  determining  the  amoixnt  of  pure  silver  contained,  and  the 
amount  of  charges  or  deductions,  if  any.  to  be  made. 


SILVER  STATISTICS. 


223 


Sec  5  That  so  mnch  of  the  act  of  February  28,  1878,  entitled  :  "  Au  act  to  authorize 
le  coina-e  of  the  standard  silver  dollar  and  to  restore  its  legal-tender  character,"  as 
equires  the  monthly  purchase  and  coinage  of  the  same  into  silver  dollars  of  not  less 
ban  $2  000  000  nor  more  than  $4,000,000  worth  of  silver  bullion,  is  hereby  repealed. 
Sec  6  That  upon  the  passage  of  this  act  the  balances  standing  with  the  Treasurer 
!.f  the  United  States  to  the  respective  credits  of  national  banks  for  deposits  made  to 
edeem  the  circulating  notes  of  such  banks,  and  all  deposits  thereafter  received  for 
ike  purpose,  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  a  miscellaneous  receipt  and  the 
rreasurer  of  the  United  States  shall  redeem  from  the  general  cash  m  the  Treasury  the 
Circulating  notes  of  said  banks  which  may  come  into  his  possession  subject  to  re- 
demption- and  upon  the  certificate  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  that  such 
kotes  have  been  received  by  him  and  that  they  have  been  destroyed  and  that 
ho  new  notes  will  be  issued  in  their  place,  reimbursement  of  their  amount 
shall  be-  made  to  the  Treasurer,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  mav  prescribe,  from  an  appropriation  hereby  created,  to  be  known 
as  national  bank  notes  redemption  account:  but  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  not  applv  to  the  deposits  received  under  section  3  of  the  act  of  June  20,  1874, 
requirincT  every  national  bank  to  keep  in  lawful  money  with  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  a  sum  equal  to  five  per  cent  of  its  circulation,  to  be  held  and  used  for 
the  redemption  of  its  circulating  notes,  and  the  balancelremaining  of  the  deposits  so 
covered  shall,  at  the  close  of  each  month,  be  reported  on  the  monthly  public  debt 
statement  as  debt  of  the  United  States  bearing  no  interest. 

Sec.  7.  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  thirty  days  from  and  after  its  passage. 

Approved  July  14, 1890. 

ComnM'cial  ratio  of  sUver  to  gohJ  for  mrh  year  since  1867. 


Year. 


1795.... 
1796- 
1797.... 
1798.... 
1799... 
1800... 
1801... 
1802... 
1803... 
1804... 
1805... 
180G... 
1807... 
1808  . 
1809... 
1810... 
1811... 
1812.. 
1813.. 
1814.. 
1815.. 
1816.. 
1817.. 
1S18.. 
1819.. 


Eatio. 


15.55 

15.65 

15.41 

15.59 

15.74 

15.68 

15.46 

15.26 

1.5.41 

15.41 

15.79 

15.52 

15.43 

16.08 

15.96 

15.77 

15.53 

16.11 

16.25 

15.04 

15.26 

15.28 

15.11 

15.35 

15.33 


1820... 

1821.. 

1822.. 
1  1823.. 
I  1824.. 

1825.. 
1  1826,. 
1  1827.. 

1828.. 
1  1829.. 
i  18.30.. 

1831.. 

1832.. 

1833.. 

1834.. 

1835., 

1836. 

1837. 


1839  . 

1840  . 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 


15.62 

15.95 

15.80 

15.84 

15.82 

15.70 

15.76 

15.74 

15.78 

15.78 

15.82 

15.72 

15.73 

15.93 

15.73 

15.80 

15.72 

15.83 

15.85 

15.62 

15.62 

15.70 

15.87 

15.93 

15.85 


1845... 
i  1846... 
,  1847... 
1848... 
1  1849... 
i  1850... 
!  1351... 
j  1852... 
i  1853.. 
\  1854.. 
'  1855  . 
]  1856.. 
1  1857.. 

1858.. 

1859.. 

I860.. 

1861.. 

18G2.. 

1863.. 

1864.. 

1865.. 

1866.. 

1867. 

1868. 

1869. 


liatio. 


Year. 


Katio. 


15.92 
15.90 
15.80 
15.85 
15.78 
15.70 
15.46 
15.59 
15.33 
15.33 
15.38 
15.38 
15.27 
15.38 
15.19 
15.29 
15.50 
15.35 
15.37 
15.37 
15.44 
15.43 
15.57 
15.59 
15.60 


1870... 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 
1877.. 
1878.. 
1879.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1882.. 
1883.. 
1884.. 
1885.. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 


1892... 
1893*.. 


15.57 
15.57 
15.63 
15.92 
16.17 
16.59 
17.88 
17.22 
17.94 
18.40 
18.05 
18.16 
18.19 
18.64 
18.57 
19.41 
20.78 
•21.13 
21.99 
22.09 
19.75 
20.92 
23.72 


*For  seven  months  ending  July  31,  1893. 


224  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN   BOOK. 

Value  of  gold  coin  and  bxdlion  imported  into  and  exported  from  the  United  Stales  from  1843  to 
1892;  also  excess  of  imports  or  exports. 

[Compiled  from  United  States  Statistical  Abstract,  1892.] 


Year  ending 
June  30— 

Exports. 

Total  ex- 
ports. 

Imports. 

Excess  of 
exports 

over 
imports. 

Excess  of 
imports 
over  ex- 
ports. 

Domestic. 

Foreign. 

1843       (nine 

$25,602,569 

32,264,862 

35,442,456 

19,997,089 

2.679.979 

5,787,753 

5,736,333 

10,186,125 

3,995,883 

5,816.150 

5,021,953 

3,870,859 

1    AO-A  103 

$25,602,569 

63,309,513 

533,706,651 

156,231.642 

ir600,888 

41,081,957 

8,477,892 

42,952,191 

9;  701, 187 

18,376,234 

59,952,850 

17.274,491 

86,362,654 

50,195,327 

$58,465,192 
86,596,255 
98.954,642 

310,243,192 
17,734,149 
22,831,317 
26,691,696 
20,743,349 
42,910,601 
43,934,347 
10,284,858 
12,943,342 
18.232,567 
49,699,454 

f32,862,62{ 
23,286,745 

1853-1862*  

1863-1872 

$31,044,651 

498,264,195 

236,234,555 

8,920.909 

35,294,204 

2,741,559 

32,766,066 

5,705.304 

12,560,084 

54,930,332 

13,403,632 

84  939  561 

$434;  752,009 

54,011,55( 
6  133  261 

1883 

18,250,640 

1885 

18,213,804 

1886 

22,208,842 

1887 

33,209,414 

1888 

25,558,083 

1889 

49,667,427 

4,331,149 

68,130,087 

495,873 

1891 

1892 

43l321,'351j        6',873;976 

Total 

1,060,126,391 

164,699,090 

1,224,825,481 

820,264,931 

597,836,027 

193,275,477 

Total  excess 
of  exports  . 

404,560,550 

*Keport  of  domestic  shipments  commences  with  1862. 

Value  of  silver  coin  and  bullion  imported  into  and  exported  from  the  United  States  from] 
1843  to  1892,  inclusive;  also  excess  of  exports. 

[Compiled  from  United  States  Statistical  Abstract,  1892.] 


Period— Year 

Exports. 

Total  ex- 
ports. 

Imports. 

Excess  of 
exports. 

ending  June  30. 

Domestic. 

Foreign. 

1843;    9  months- 
1852 

$62,832,863 

400,451,426 

188,187,965 

186,073,265 

12,702,272 

14,931,431 

21,634,551 

19,158.051 

17,005,036 

20,635,420 

25,284,662 

22,378,557 

14,033,714 

16,765,067 

$33,874,235 
25.883,707 
49  611  875 

$96,707,098 
426,355,133 
937  7  M  840 

$30,253,698 
42,707,040 
60,754,850 

113,503,974 
10,755,242 
14.594,945 
16,550,626 
17,850,307 
17,260.191 
15,403,669 
18,678,215 
21,032,184 
18,026,880 
19,955,086 

|i66.453.400 

383.628.093 

177,044,990 

131,008,855 

9,464,203 

11,456,481 

17.203,006 

11,060.912 

9,036,313 

12.634.280 

18,011.033 

13,840,945 

4,564,108 

12,855,478 

1853  1862       

1873  1882 

58,439,564  '      244,512.829 
7,517,173  i       20,219,445 
11,119,995          26,051,426 
12,119,082          33,753,633 
10,353,108          29,511,219 
9,291,468           26.296.504 

1883                 ..     ■• 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1888 

7.402.529 
11.404.586 
12,495,372 

8,557,274 
16,045,492 

28,037.949 
36.689,248 
34i873,929 
22,590,988 
32,810,559 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

Total 

1,022,074,280 

274,115,520 

1,296,189,890 

417,327,708 

878.862,092 

SILVER   STATISTICS. 


226 


Hiijhesi,  lowest,  and  average  price  of  silver  bullion,  and  value  of  a  fine  ounce,  bullion 
value  of  a  United  States  silver  dollar,  and  commercial  ratio  of  silver  to  gold  by  fiscal 
mws,  1874  to  1893. 


Bullion 

Equiva- 
lent value 
of  a  tine 
ounce  with 
exchange 
at  par, 
♦4.8665. 

Equiva- 

value of  a 

Fiscal 
years. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Average 
London 
price  per 

ounce 

standard 

.925. 

lent  value 
of  a  fine 

ounce 
based  on 
average 
price  of 

exchange. 

United 
States  sil- 
ver dollar 
at  average 

price  of 
silver,  ex- 
change at 

Com- 
mercial 
ratio  of 

silver 
to  gold. 

par. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

Pence. 

1873-'74..    . 

o9K 

mi 

58.312 

$1.27826 

$1.28247 

?0.98865 

16.17 

lS74-'75 .... 

58K 

55K 

56.875 

1.25127 

1.2.5022 

.96777 

1^.52 

1875-'76 .... 

57K 

50 

52.750 

1.15184 

1.15954 

.89087 

17.94 

1876-'77 .... 

58h- 

503€ 

54.812 

1.20154 

1.20191 

.92931 

17.20 

1877-'78 .... 

55% 

52K 

52.562 

1.15222  ■ 

1.15257 

.89116 

17.94 

1878-'79 .... 

5213-16 

48% 

50.812 

1.11386  , 

1.11616 

.86152 

18.55 

1879-'80 .... 

53% 

51% 

52.218 

1.14436 

1.14397 

.88509 

18.06 

1880-'81 .... 

52>3 

51 

51.937 

1.13852 

1.13508 

.88057 

18.15 

1881-'82 .... 

52  5-16 

50% 

51.812 

1.13623  , 

1.13817 

.87880 

18.19 

lS82-'83 .... 

52  1-16 

50 

51.023 

1.11826 

1.11912 

.86490 

18.48 

1883-'8-l .... 

51K 

50  5-16 

50.791 

1.11339 

1.11529 

.86115 

18.56 

1884-'85 .... 

50  13-16 

48M 

49.843 

1.09262 

1.09228 

.84507 

18.92 

1885-'86 .... 

49  3-16 

42 

47.03S 

1.03112 

1.03295 

.79750 

20.04 

1886-'87 .... 

ilVs 

42 

44.843 

.98301 

.98148 

.76029 

21.02 

1887-'88 .... 

45  3-16 

41% 

43.675 

.95741 

.9.5617 

.74008 

21.59 

188S-'89 .... 

44X 

41 15-16 

42.499 

.93163 

.93510 

.72055 

22.18 

188i)-'90.... 

49 

42 

44.196 

.96883 

.96839 

.74932 

21.33 

1H90-'91 .... 

54>-; 

43% 

47.714 

1.04195 

1.04780 

.80588 

19.83 

l891-'92.... 

46% 

39 

42.737 

.93648 

.93723 

.72430 

22.07 

1892-'93 .... 

40  3-16 

30% 

38.375 

.84133 

.84263 

.65063 

24.57 

July 

B0i 

32% 

33.060 

.72471 

.72037 

.56052 

28.52 

Tbeasuky  Department, 

Bureau  of  the  Mint,  August  1,  1893. 


226 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN  BOOK. 


Product  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  Unif^d  States  from  1792-1844  and  annually  since. 

[The  estimate  for  1792-1873  is  by  R.  W.  Raymond,  Commissioner,  and  since  by  the 
Director  of  the  Mint.] 


Gold. 


April  2,  1792- July  31,  1834 

July  31,  1834-December  31,  1844. 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1852 . 

1053 

1854 

1855 

1856 

1857 

1858 

1859 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863  

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877  

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881. .i. 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 


1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891 . 
1892. 


Total. 


$14,000,000 
7.500,000 
1.008,327 
1,139,357 
889,085 
10,000,000 
40,000,000 
50,000,000 
55,000.000 
60,000,000 
65,000,000 
60,000.000 
55,000,000 
.55,000,000 
55.000.000 
50,000.00 
50,000.000 
46,000.n00 
43.000.000 
39,200,000 
40,000,000 
46,100.000 
53.225.000 
53,500,000 
51.725,000 
48,000,000 
49,600.000 
50,000  000 
^3.. 500. 000 
96.000,000 
36,000,000 
33,500,000 
33,400.000 
39.900,000 
46,900  000 
51.200,000 
33,900,000 
36.000,000 
34.700.000 
32,.500.000 
30,000  000 
.30.800,000 
31.800,000 
35.000.000 
83.000.009 
33.175,000 
32,800.000 
32.845.000 
3.3.175,000 
33,000.000 


Insignificant 

$250,000 

50.000 

50,000 

.50,000 

50,000 

50.000 

50.000 

50.000 

50,000 

50,000 

50,000 

50.000 

50,000 

.50,000 

500,000 

100.000 

150,000 

2,000.000 

4,500.000 

8,500.000 

11,000,000 

11,250.000 

10.000.000 

13. .500,000 

12,000.000 

12.000,000 

16,000,000 

23,000.000 

28,750.000 

35,750,0(0 

57,300,000 

31,700,000 

38,800.000 

39,800.000 

45.200.000 

40,800,000 

39.200,000 

43.000.000 

46,800,000 

46.200.G00 

48,800.000 

51.600.000 

51.000.000 

53.350,000 

59,195.000 

64.646,000 

70,461  000 

75,417.000 

73,697.000 


1,146.869,000 


$14,000,000 
7,750,000 
1,058,327 
1,189.357 
939,085 
10.050.000 
40.050.000 
.50.050,000 
55,050.000 
60,050.000 
65.050,000 
60.050.000 
55.050.000 
.55,050,000 
•55,050.(100 
50,500,000 
50.100.000 
46,150.000 
45.000,000 
43,700,000 
48.500.000 
•57,100,000 
64,475.000 
63.500.000 
65,225.000 
60,000.000 
61,500.01)0 
66,000.000 
66,500,000 
64.750.000 
71,750.000 
70.800.000 
65,100,000 
78,700.000 
86,700,000 
96.400.000 
79.700.0110 

77,700  O.iO 
79,300,000 
76  200.000 
79.600.000 
83,400,000 
86.000,000 
86,350.000 
92.370.000 
97.446.000 
103,309.000 
108,5'.»2.0i(0 
106.697.000 


3,0«4.7.^,0,7(;i 


SILVER   STATISTICS. 


227 


Sinlemeni  of  ifie  production  oj  gold  and  silver  in  the      rkl  since  the  discovery  of  America. 

'rom  1493  to  1885  is  from  the  table  of  averages  for  certian  periods  compiled  by  Dr 
Adolph  Soetbeer.  For  the  years  1886-1892  the  production  is  the  anniial  estimate  of 
the  Bureaia  of  the  Mint.] 


Gold. 

Period. 

Annual  average  of  period. 

Total  for  the  period. 

Fine  ounces. 

Value. 

Fine  ounces. 

Value. 

93-1520     

186,470 

230.194 

273,596 

219,906 

237,267 

273,918 

266,845 

281.955 

297,709 

346,095 

412,163 

613,422 

791,211 

665,666 

571,948 

571,563 

367,957 

457,044 

652,291 

1,760,502 

6,410,324 

6,486,262 

5,949,582 

6,270,086 

5,501,014 

5.543,110 

4,794,755 

■    5,127.750 

13,855.000 

4.759,000 

5,656.000 

4,546,000 

4,905,000 

5.662,000 

5,516.000 

5,828,000 

6,154,000 

7,154,000 

8,520,000 

12,681,000 

16,356,000 

1"3,761,000 

11,823,000 

11.815.000 

7,606,000 

9,448,000 

13.484,000 

36.393.000 

132,573,000 

134,083.000 

122.989,000 

129,614.000 

115,577.000 

114,186,000 

99.116,000 

106,000.000 

5,221,160 
5,524,656 
4,377,544 
4,398,120 
4.745.340 
5,478,360 
5,336,900 
5,639.110 
5,954,180 
6,921,895 
8.243.260 
12,268,440 
15,824,230 
13,313,315 
11,43«.970 
5,715,627 
3.679.568 
4.570,444 
6,522,913 
17.605,018 
32,051,621 
32.431,312 
29,747,913 
31  350,4.30 
27.955,068 
27.715,550 
23,973,773 
5,127,750 

$107,931,000 

21  1544 

114,205,000 

45-1560       

90,492,000 

61  1580 

90.917,000 

81  1600            ..       .             

98,095,000 

01  1620  

113,248,000 

21-1640 

110,324,000 

41-1660 

61-1680 

116,571,000 
123,084,000 

81-1700 

01-1720 

143.088,000 
170,40.3,000 

21  1740              ... 

253.611,000 

41  1760 

327,116,000 

61-1780 

275,211,000 

81-1800            

236,464,000 

01-1810 

11-1820                

118,152,000 
76.063,000 

21  1830     

94,479,000 

31-1840         

134,841,000 

41-1850 

51-1855 

56-1860 ... 

61-1865 

66-1870  

71-1875 

76-1880 

$81-1885 

J86  .     .. 

36.3,928,000 
662.566,000 
670,415,000 
614,944,000 
648,071,000 
577,083,000 
572,931,000 
495,582,000 
106,000,000 

228 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAION   BOOK. 


Statement  of  the  production  of  gold  and  silcer  in  the  u-or/d— Continued. 

[From  1493  to  1835  is  from  table  of  averages  for  certain   periods  compiled  by  Dr 
Adolph  Soetbeer.     For  the  years  1336-1892  the  production  is  the  annual  estimate 
the  Bureau  of  the  Mint.] 


Silver. 


Percentage  of  pro- 
duction. 


Period.    jAnnual  av'ge  of  period.        Total  for  the  period.        By  weight.    By  value. 


1103-1520. 
1521-1544. 
1515-1560. 
15iJl-15S0. 
1531-1600. 
lJOl-1620. 
Ii2 1-1640. 
1641-1660 
1561-1680. 
1681-1700. 
1701-1720. 
1721-1740. 
1741-1760. 
1761-1780. 
1781-1800. 
1^01-1810. 
ini-1820. 
1821-1830. 
1831-1840. 
1841-1850. 
1-<51-1855. 
1356-1860. 
1S61-1865. 
1366-1870. 
1  !71-1875. 
>^76-1880. 
1381-1885. 
1886 


Fine 
ounces.    I 

i_ 

1,511.050  I 
2.899.930 
10,017,940  i 
9,628.925  i 
13,467,635  | 
13,596,235 
12,654,240  I 
11,776,545  I 
10,834,550 
10,992,085 
11,432,540 
13,863.080 
17.140.612 
20.985.591 
28.261,779 
28.746,922 
17.382,755 
14,807.004 
19.175.367 
25,090.342 
28.488.597  - 
29,095.428 
35.401,972 
43.051,583  : 
63.317,014  , 
78,775.602 
92,003.943 
93,276,000 


'VlTuT      Fine  ounces. 


Coinage 
value. 


Gold. 


•$1,954,000 
3,749,000 
12,952.000 
12,450,000 
17.413,000 
17,579.000 
16.361.000 
15.226.000 
14.008.000 
14.212.000 
14.781.000 
17.924.000 
22.162.000  . 
27.133.000 
36,540,000 
37,168.000 
22,479,000 
19,144.000 
24.793.000 
32.440,000 
36.824.000 

37.618. non 

45.772.000 
55,663,000 
.si,»64.000 
101.851.000 
118,955.000 
120,600,000 


42.309,400 
69.59-^.320 
160.287.040 
192.578,500 
269.352.700 
271.924,700 
253,034.800 
235,530,900 
216,691,000 
219,841,700 
228.650.800 
277.261.600 
342.812.235 
419,711.820 
565.2.35.580 
287.469.225 
173. 857.. 555 
148,070.040 
191.75^,675 
250.903.422 
142,442,986 
145.477.142 
177.009, S62 
215,25  ,914 
316,.58.5,069  , 
393.878.^0  ' 
4W.019.722  , 
93.276,000  I 


$54,703,000 
89.936.000 
207,240.000 
248.990.000 
348.254.000 
351,579.000 
327,221,000 
304.525,000 
280.166.000 
284.240.000 
295.629.000 
358.430,000 
443.232.000 
542,6.58,000 
730.810.000 
371,677.000 
224.736.000 
191.44^1,000 
247.930.000 
.324,400,000 
184.169.000 
188,092,000 
22s.861.000 
278.313.000 
409.322.000 
509,256,000 
594,773.000 
120.600  000 


11.0 
7.4 

9  7 

2;2 

1.7 
2.0 
2.1 
2.3 
2.7 
3.1 
3.5 
4.2 
4.4 
3.1 
2.0 
1.9 
2.1 
3.0 
3.3 
6.6 
18.4 
18.2 
14.4 
12.7 
8.1 
6.6 
5.0 
5.2 


Sil- 


Gold. 


89.0  66.4 

92.6  55.^ 

97.3  I  30.4 

97.8  I  26.7 

98.3  !  22.0 


98.0 
97.9 
97.7 
97.3 
96.9 
96.5 
95.8 
95.6 
96.9 
98.0 
98.1 
97.9 


24.4 
25.2 
27.7 
30.5 
33.5 
36.6 
41.4 
42.5 
33.7 
24.4 
24.1 
25.3 


97.0 

33.0 

96.7 

35.2 

93.4 

52.9 

81.6 

73.3 

81.8 

73.1 

85.6 

72.9 

87.3 

70.0 

91.9 

53.6 

93.4 

53.0 

95.0 

45.5 

94.8 

46.8 

FINANCIAL   AND   COMMERCIAL   STATISTICS. 


229 


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FINANCIAL   AND    CO.MMERCIAL   STATISTICS. 


231 


Finxncial  and  commercial  ■•statistics  of  the  Uiu'ed  Sat  '■>•,  1867  to  18  »:!. 
[From  oflacial  data.] 


Debt, 
less 

Inter- 

Net 
onii- 

Net 
ordi- 

Dis- 
burse- 

Mer- 
clian- 

liise  im- 

Customs 

revenue 

.\verage  a<l  va- 
lorem rate  of 
duty. 

Expen- 

Years. 

P.ipulation 
Jane  30- 

;ash  in 
Treas- 
ury. 

est 
paW. 

(Per 

tiarv 
re- 
ceipts. 

nary  ex- 
peuili- 
tures. 

ment 
tor  pen- 
sions. 

ported 
for  con- 
sump- 

Duty 

col 

lected. 

,Sc"S  oi 

■i.llect- 

Oufree 
and 

dutia 
ble. 

in>? 

(Per 

capita) 

(Per 

(Per 

(Per 

tion. 

(Per 

On  du- 
tiable. 

customs 

.■apira.) 

'■apitai 

capit.i.) 

capita.) 

(Per 
capita.) 

capita.) 

reve- 
nue. 

Dolh. 

Dolls. 

Dolls. 

D'lUs. 

Dol's. 

Dolls. 

Dolls. 

Per  ct. 

Perct. 

Per  ct. 

i-<i;7 

36,211,000 

69  26 

3  84 

13  55 

9  87 

$0  51 

10  44 

4  65 

46  67 

44.56 

3.26 

i^'« 

36,973  000 

67  10 

3  48 

10  97 

10  21 

65 

9  33 

4  34 

48.63 

46  49 

4.65 

.sr,9 

37.756,000 

64  43 

3  32 

9  82 

8  55 

78 

10  45 

4  6« 

47.22 

44.65 

2.99 

1870 

38,558.371 

60  46 

3  08 

10  67 

8  03 

72 

11  06 

4  96 

47.08 

42  23 

3  20 

.871 

39.555,000 

56  81 

2  83 

9  69 

7  39 

84 

12  65 

5  12 

43.95 

38.94 

3.18 

.S7i 

40,596,000 

52  96 

2  56 

9  22 

6  84 

74 

13  80 

5  23 

41.35 

37.00 

3,21 

.S73 

41,677,000 

50  52 

2  35 

8  01 

6  97 

70 

15  91 

4  44 

38.07 

26  95 

3.76 

.S74 

42,796,000 

49  17 

2  31 

7  13 

7  07 

71 

13  26 

3  75 

38.53 

26.88 

4  49 

.S75 

43,951,000 

47  55 

2  20 

6  55 

68 

11  97 

3  51 

40.62 

28  20 

4  47 

45.137,000 

45  66 

2  11 

6  52 

5  87 

63 

10  29 

3  22 

44.74 

39.19 

4..53 

.S77 

46,353,000 

43  56 

2  01 

6  07 

5  21 

62 

9  49 

2  77 

42.,89 

26,68 

4.96 

.S78 

47.598.000 

42  01 

1  99 

5  41 

4  98 

56 

9  21 

2  67 

42.75 

27.13 

4.48 

.879 

48,866,000 

40  86 

1  71 

5  60 

5  46 

69 

8  99 

2  73 

44.87 

28.97 

3.99 

.880 

50.1.55,783 

38  27 

1  59 

6  65 

5  34 

1  14 

12  51 

3  64 

43  48 

29  07 

3.23 

.881 

51,316,000 

35  46 

1  46 

7  01 

5  07 

98 

12  68 

3  78 

43  20 

29.75 

3.22 

.882 

52,495.000 

31  91 

1  09 

7  64 

4  89 

1  03 

13  64 

4  12 

42.66 

30.11 

2.95 

.883 

53,693  000 

28  66 

96 

7  37 

4  90 

1  13 

13  05 

3  92 

42  45 

29.92 

3.07 

.8.84 

54,911,000 

26  20 

■    87 

6  27 

4  39 

1  04 

12  16 

3  47 

41.61 

28.44 

3.44 

.885 

56,148.000 

24  50 

84 

5  77 

4  64 

1  17 

10  32 

3  17 

45.86 

30.59 

3..58 

.886 

57,404,000 

22  34 

5  76 

4  15 

1  13 

10  89 

3  30 

45.55 

30.13 

3.33 

887 

58.680.000 

20  03 

71 

6  20 

4  47 

1  27 

11  65 

3  65 

47.10 

31.02 

3.16 

.888 

59.974.000 

17  72 

65 

6  32 

4  33 

1  33 

11  88 

3  60 

45.63 

29.99 

3.27 

.889 

61,289  000 

15  92 

53 

6  01 

7  88 

1  45 

12  10 

3  60 

45.13 

29.50 

3.14 

890..„.. 

62,622,250 

14  22 

47 

6  44 

4  75 

1  71 

12  35 

3  62 

44.41 

29.12 

2.99 

.891  

63,975,000 

13  32 

37 

6  14 

5  55 

1  85 

13  36 

3  38 

46.28 

25.25 

3.17 

892 

65,403.000 

12  86 

3.5 

5  43 

5  28 

2  16 

12  44 

2  66 

48.71 

21.26 

3.75 

L893 

66,826,000 

12  55 

W 

6  91 

6  87 

2  37 

12  64 

2  97 

49.58 

23.49 

3.32 

Internal  rev- 
enue. 

Amount 

of 
money 
in  the 
United 
States 

per 
capita. 

Annual 
average 

Bullion 
value  o!  U. 

Coinage,  per 
capita  of— 

Money 
in  cir- 

Coin 
value  ol 

Com- 
mercial 

price  of 
silver  in 

S.  silver 
dollar,  at 

Years. 

Ex- 
penses 
of  col- 
lecting. 

cula- 

paper 

ratio  of 

London 

average 

Collect- 
ed per 

tion  per 
capita. 

money 
Julyl. 

silver 
to  gold. 

per  ounce 
lor 

price  of 
silver  ex- 

Gold. 

Silver. 

capita. 

calender 
years. 

change  at 
par. 

Dolls. 

Perct. 

Dolls. 

Dolls. 

Cents. 

Ratio. 

DolU. 

Ceiits. 

Dolls. 

Dolls. 

1,867 

7.34 

2.77 

20.11 

18.28 

71.7 

15.57 

1.328 

.66 

.03 

1868 

1869 

5.17 
4.19 

4.55 
4.59 

19.38 
18.95 

18.39 
17.60 

70.1 
73.5 

15..59 
15  60 

1.326 
1.32.3 

.52 
.47 

.03 

.03 

1870 

1.871  

4  79 
3.62 

3.92 
5.30 

18.73 
18.75 

17.50 
18.10 

85  6 
89 

1.5.57 
15.57 

1.328 
1.326 

.60 
.53 

.04 

.08 

1872..... 

1873 

1874 

1875 

{876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1.880 

3.22 
2.75 

4.36 
4.69 

18.79 
18.58 

18.19 
18.04 

87.5 
86.4 

1.5.63 
15  92 

1.322 
1.298 

.54 
1.37 

.06 

.10 

2.39 
3.52 
2.59 

4.40 
3.89 

1.8..83 
18.16 
17.53 

18.13 
17  16 
16.12 

91.0 
87.2 
89.5 

16  13 
16..59 
17.88 

1.278 
1.249 
1.156 

.82 
.75 
1.03 

.16 

.35 

.54 

2.56 
2.32 
2.32 

2.99 
2.96 
3.10 

16.46 
16.62 
2152 

15..58 
15.32 
16.75 

94.7 
100 ' 

17.22 
17  94 
18.40 

1201 
1.152 
1.123 

.95 
1.05 
.80 

.61 

.60 

.56 

2.47 

2.95 

24.04. 

19.41 

100 

18.05 

1.145 

88.5 

1.24 

.55 

1881 

2.64 

3.20 

27.41 

21.71 

100 

18.16 

1.138 

88.1 

1.89 

..54 

i.882 

2.79 

2.80 

28.20 

22.37 

100 

18.19 

1.136 

87,9 

1.26 

.53 

i,883  .... 

2.69 

3.06 

30.61 

22.91 

100 

1.8.64 

1.110 

86.5 

.54 

.54 

i.884 

2.21 

3.47 

31.06 

22.65 

100 

1.8.57 

1.113 

86.1 

.44 

.52 

i.885 

2.00 

3  42 

32.37 

23.02 

100 

19.41 

1.065 

84.5 

.49 

..51 

i886 

2.03 

3.06 

3151 

21.82 

100 

20.78 

.995 

79.8 

.50 

..56 

iss- 

2.02 

3.22 

32.39 

22.45 

100 

21.13 

.978 

76.0 

.41 

.60 

\m 

2.07 

2  92 

34.40 

22.88 

100 

21.99 

.940 

74.0 

.52 

..57 

1889 

2.13 

2  88 

33.86 

22.52 

100 

22.09 

.936 

72.1 

.35 

.58 

1890 

2.28 

2.65 

34.24 

22.82 

lOO 

19  76 

1.046 

74.9 

.33 

.63 

1.891 

2.28 

2.75 

34.31 

23.41 

100 

20.92 

.988 

80.6 

.46 

.43 

1892 

2  35 

2  52 

36.21 

24.44 

100 

23  72 

.871 

72.4 

.53 

.19 

18*i 

2.4L 

2.57 

34  75 

23.87 

100 

26.49 

.780 

65.0 

.85 

.13 

232 


DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK. 


FINANCIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  STATISTICS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  1867  TO 


Domestic  mer- 
chandise. 

Consumption  per  capita  of— 

,    Imports 

1 

Years 

Ex- 
ports 
(per 
c'pita) . 

Exports 
of  agri- 
cultural 
products 
(per  cent 
of  total 

ports  of 
merchan- 
dise car-  ; 
ried  in    i 
American ; 
1   vessels. 

Wheat. 

Corn. 

Suga- 

Cofifee  1 

Tea. 

Dis- 
tilled 

■spirits.! 

Malt 
iquora 

Wines. 

ex 

ports). 

i 

i 

i 

Do'lu. 

i 

Per  cent. 

Bnsh. 

Bush. 

Lba. 

Lb8. 

Lbs. 

Proof 
gallons. 

GaUx. 

GaVs. 

1867... 

7.73 

75.34 

33.87 

3.92 

23.52 

24.1 

;       5.01 

1.09 

-5.31 

1868... 

7.29 

70.19 

35!ll 

5..36 

20.44 

30.9 

1     6.52 

.96 

-5.15 

1^69... 

7.29 

75.. 35 

.3.3.18 

5.21 

23.79 

35 

[     6.45 

1.08 

""l.k9:       5.21 

1870.. . 

9.77 

78.40 

£6.59 

5.41 

22.62 

33 

6 

1.10 

2.07  1       5.31 

'.^i 

1871.. . 

10.83 

70.74 

31.87 

27.40 

36.2 

!     7.91 

1.14 

1.62  1       6.10 

.40 

187'2  . . 

10.55 

74.13 

29.15 

4:79 

21.09 

40.4 

j     7.28- 

1.46 

1.68  I       6.66 

.41 

1873.. . 

13.12 

76.10 

26.37 

4.81 

22.86 

39.8 

,     6.87  ! 

1.53 

1.63          7.21 

.45 

1874... 

13.31 

79.37 

27.17 

4.46 

20.95 

41.5 

!        6.59    ': 

1.27 

1.51  ;     7 

.48 

1875.. . 

11.36 

76.95 

26.21 

.5.38 

18.66 

43.6 

1     7.08 

1.44 

1.50  ,       6.71 

.45 

1876... 

11.64 

71.67 

27.67 

4.89 

28.14 

35.2 

■    7.m 

1.35 

l.a3  :       6.83 

.45 

1877... 

12.72 

72.63 

26.91 

5.01 

26.13 

38.9 

6.94 

1.23 

1.28          6.58 

.47 

1878... 

14.39 

n-.ffr 

26.31 

5.72 

26.37 

34.3 

6.24 

1.-33 

1.09 

6.68 

.47 

1879... 

14.29 

78.12 

22.99 

5.58 

26.61 

40.7 

7.42 

1.21 

1.11 

7.05 

..50 

1880... 

16.43 

83.25 

17.43 

5.-35 

28.88 

42.9 

8.78 

1.39 

1.27 

8.26 

.56 

1«81... 

17.23 

82.63 

16.49 

6.09 

31.64 

44.2 

1     8.25 

1.54 

1.38 

8.65 

.47 

1682... 

1.3.97 

75.31 

15.77 

4.98 

21.92 

48.4 

8.30 

1.47 

1.40 

10.03 

.49 

1883.. . 

14.98 

lD.04 

6.64 

29.24 

51.1 

8.91 

1.30 

1.46 

10.27 

.48 

1884... 

13.20 

73.98 

17.16 

5.64 

27.40 

53.4 

9.26 

1.09 

1.48 

10.74 

.■i" 

1685... 

12.94 

72.96 

15.29 

6.77 

81.04 

51.8 

9.60 

1.18 

1.26 

10.62 

.-39 

1886... 

11.60 

72.82 

15.52 

4.57 

.32.60 

56.9 

9.36 

1.37 

1.-6        11.20 

.45 

1887... 

11.98 

74.40 

14.30 

5.17 

27.68 

52.7 

8.53 

1.49 

1.21   !     11.23 

.55 

1888.. . 

1140 

73.23 

13.98 

5.62 

23.86 

56.7 

6.81 

1.40 

1.26  1     12.80 

.61 

1889... 

11.92 

72.87 

14.34 

5.34 

31.28 

51.8 

9.16 

1.29 

l.:32  1     12.72 

.56 

1890.. . 

1.3.50 

74.51 

12.87 

6.09 

32.09 

52.8 

7.83 

1.33 

1.40        ia67 

.46 

1891... 

13.63 

73.69 

12.46 

4.58 

22.79 

66.1 

7.99 

1.29 

142 

15.38 

.45 

1892.. . 

15.63 

78.69 

12.34 

5.91 

30.33 

63.5 

9.63 

1.-37 

1.50 

15.10 

.44 

1893 . . 

12.44 

r,.„5 

11.54 

4.85 

23.66 

63.4 

8.25 

1.32 

1.51 

16.08 

.48 

Consumption  of           Per  cent  of  domesti 

c  production 

;  Toi 

mage  of 

1 

'ration, 
ent.  of 
aliu- 

Years. 

■wool                                           exported 

. 

vess 
ceBt 
inc 

els.      Pei 

annua 

rease  or 

Immif 

Perc 

1    anni 

Total  per 
capita. 

Per  cent, 
foreign. 

Cotton.    1  Wheat,  j    C 

Miaeral 
'^'^"-     j       oil. 

d( 

1       ^^ 

^crease 
or-). 

cref 
1  popu 

i 

seof 
atiou. 

1 
Pounds. 

] 

1867... 

5.45 
5.14 

19 
11.9 

68.32  1         12.50 
66.90           13.45 

1.85 
163 

46.58 
52.34 

—.14 

Xl-10 

1868... 

'39.23 

1869. 

5.78 

17.8 

57.01  1         20.92 

.94 

60.01 

X4.76 

;36.04 

1870... 

5.4:i 

22.7 

65.98  !         22.50 

.24 

61.37 

X2.41 

43.95 

1871... 

5.73 

29.4 

72. 3( 

22  .30 

.98 

69.62 

X.85 

;«7i 

1872... 

6.75 

45.3 

67.4^ 

16.88 

•3.60 

54.60 

xa62 

30.87 

1873... 

5.67 

33.2 

65.4' 

20.80 

.3.68 

57.85 

X5.82 

37.45 

1874... 

4.81 

17.5 

70.  ft 

32.54 

3.86 

51.23 

X2.23 

4109 

1875... 

5.28 

23.1 

70. 6J 

23.60 

3.5:3 

46.50 

xl.lO 

27.13 

1876... 

5.21 

18.3 

70.7c 

25..34 

a86 

68.69 

—11.83 

19.18 

1877... 

5.16 

16.3 

68.9- 

19.73 

5.66 

64.54 

—.86 

ia98 

1878... 

5.28 

16.9 

71. 2i 

25.29 

6.49 

54.02 

-.70 

11.39 

1879... 

5.03 

14.2 

67.74 

35.16 

6.:i3 

50.42 

—1.02 

10.92 

1880... 

6.11 

34.9 

65.7: 

40.18 

6.43 

31.41 

-2.43 

laTS 

1881... 

5.66 

17.3 

68.4' 

5.46 

44.29 

-.25 

:W.40 

1882... 

6.36 

19 

67.2? 

3i;82 

:3.71 

39.21 

X2.66 

56.78 

1888... 

6.62 

18.7 

67. 2C 

29.-33 

2.58 

54.13 

xl.67 

65.86 

1884... 

6.85 

20.6 

67.56 

26.49 

2.99 

53.55 

x.84 

49.53 

1885....:          6.69 

18 

68. 9« 

25.86 

2.95 

6111 

-.12 

4192 

1886....            7.39 

28.9 

64.6fc 

26.48 

3.-35 

50.21 

—a  16 

31.48 

1887....;          6.68 

27.4 

68.71 

3a  66 

2.48 

50.67 

—.60 

26.19 

1888....            6.31 

28.9 

65.85 

26.23 

1.74 

49.37 

X2.10 

37.87 

1889. . . .  i          6.:J3 

31.8 

21.-31 

3.57            46.09 

X2.74 

41.-59 

1890....           6.03 

27 

eais 

22.31  1 

485            -36.06 

X2.71 

33  34 

1891....,          6.43 

30.8  i 

67..3t 

26.60 

2.15  1         29.73 

X5.88 

33.66 

1892.   ..            6.72 

33.1 

65.13 

36.88 

a72            35.10 

xl.71 

39.24 

1893  ...            7.0.5 

35.7             65.9S 

37.20 

2.89  !         -39.55 

X.79 

43. 7» 

FINANCIAL    A¥D    COMMERCIAL    STATISTICS. 


233 


Value  of  MERCHANDISE  Imported  into,  and  Exported  from,  the  United  States 
FROM  1844  TO  1893,  inclusive:  also  Annual  Excess  of  Imports  or  of  Exports — 
Specie  Values. 


Year  ending 
June  30 


Exports 


Domestic.   I  Foreign. 


j   Imports. 


Total  ex- 
ports ami 
imports. 


Excess 
of  exports 

over 
imports. 


Excess 

of  imports 

over 

exports. 


X844.. 
1845.. 
1846.. 
1847.. 
1848.. 
1849.. 
1850.. 
1851  . 
]852.. 
1853.. 
1851.. 
1855.. 
1856.. 
36.57.. 
3858.. 
1859.. 
I860.. 


Do!ar>,. 

1   DoUars. 

99,531,774 

0,214,058 

98.455,3.%!      7,584,78! 

101,718,04-.2 

7,805,306 

150,.574,84< 

6,166,754 

130,a03,70t 

,      7,980,806 

1.31,710,08] 

1      8,641,091 

134,900,233 

9,475,493 

178,6aO,l.S& 

10,395.131 

154,931,147 

13,053,084 

189,8(39,162 

13,630,120 

215,.328,30C 

3]  ,715.464 

19-.i,751,1.35 

3  ,158,368 

266,438,051 

14,781  ,.372 

278,906,713 

14,917,047 

251,351,033 

30,660,241 

278,.392,08C 

14,509,971, 

316,242,433 

17,333,634 

204,899,616 

14,654,317 

179,644,034 

11,026,477 

186,003,912 

17,960,535 

143,504,037 

15,333.9611 

136,940,348 

39,089.0551 

337,518,103 

11,341,420, 

379,786,809 

14,719,332 

369,.389,900 

12,563,999, 

275,166,697 

10,951,000! 

376,616,473 

16,155,295, 

428.398,908 

14,421,370 

428,487,131 

15,690,455' 

505,033,439 

17,446,4831 

569,4.33,431 

16,849,619, 

499,2S4,100 

14,158,611 i 

525,583,347 

14,802,424 

589,670.334 

13,804,996 

680,709,268 

14,150,498 

698,340,790 

13,098,651 1 

823,946,3.53 

11,093,305 

883,925,947 

18,451,399 

7.33,239,732 

17,303,535' 

804,223,632 

19,615,770 

724,964,852 

15,548,757 

736,682,946 

15,506,809 

665,964,529 

13.560.301 

703,023,933 

13,160,388| 

683,863,104 

13.093,403: 

730,283,009 

13,118,760 

845,293,838 

13,5:34.850 

872,370,383 

13.310,537 

1,015,7.32,011 

14,.540,137 

831,030,785 

10,634,409 

Dollars. 
105,745,833 
lO0,(U(1,m 
109„5S;i34S 
150,741,59s, 
138,190,515' 
140,.351,173 
144,-375,736! 
188,915,3.59 
166,984,331; 
303,489,282 
337.043,7641 
318,909,503 
281,319,4231 
293,823,760 
272,011,274 
292,902,051 
333,576.057 
219,553,833 
190,670,501 
303,964,447 
158,837,988 
166,029,303 
348,859,522 
294,506,141 
281,953,899 
386,117,697 
393,771,768 
442,820.178 
444,177,580 
522.479.922 
586,383,040 
513.442.711 
540,384,671 
602,475,330 
694,865,766' 
710,439,4411 
8:^5,638,6.58 
902,377  ,;346! 
750,542,2571 
833,839,403 
740.513.609 
742,189,755; 
079.534,8:30 
716,18.3,311! 
695,9.54,507 1 
743,401  ,:i75, 
857,828,084 
884,480,810 
:, 030,278, 148 
847,663,1941 


Do'la7-a. 

103,604,606 

11:J,1S4,:332 

117,914,065 

]33,434,;M9 

148,0;«,644 

141,306,199 

173,509.526, 

210,771,429 

207,440,398; 

263,777.265 

297.803.794 

257.808,708 

310,432,310 

:i48,438,.343 

363,3:38,654 

:331,3;:33,:341 

353,616,119 

389,310,543 

189,:356.677 

243,.3:35,815 

310,447,283 

238,745,-580 

434.812,066' 

395,761,090: 

:«7,436,440| 

417.506,379 

4.35.958,408 

520,323,684 

620,595,077 

643,1:36,310 

.567,406,343 

533,005.436 

460,741,190 

451,333,136 

437,051,533 

445,777,775 

667,9547461 

642,664,628: 

734,0:39,574! 

733,180,914; 

667,697,693! 

577,537,339 

0:35,4:36,1:36 

693,319,7'68! 

738,957,114 

745,1:31,653 

789,310,409 

844,916,190 

827,403,4021 

866,400,932 


Dollars. 

208,350,438 

219,224,433 

227,497,313 

279,165,947 

286,829,159 

381,.557..371 

317.885,353 

399,686.688 

374.424,029 

407.306,547 

534,847.558 

476,718,311 

591.651.733 

043.253.102 

535,.349,928 

624,235,393 

087,193,176 

508,864,375 

.380,027,178 

447,300,262 

475,285,2711 

404,774,883 

783,671,588 

090,267,337 

639,389,:339 

703,634,07'6 

838,730,176 

963,043,803 

1,070,783,063 

1,164,016,1:33 

1,153,089,882 

1,046,448,147 

1,001,13.5,861 

l,0.53,79Si,346 

1,1.31,917,3981 

1,156,217,216 

1,503,593,404 

1,545,041,974 

1,475,181,8:^1 

1,547,030,316 1 

1, 408,31 1,:302 

1,319,717,084 

1,314,960,966 

l,408,.5O3,97'9 

1,419,911,031 

1,487,5:33,037 

1,047. 1:39,098 

1,739,8W,0()6 

1,8.57,680,610 

1.714,004.110 


Do'lai 
3.141,226 


7,144,211 
8,330,817 


10.448.129 
855.037 
39,1:33.800 
31,850,170 
40,456.107 
60.287,983 
60,700,0:30 
:38,899,205 
29,212,887 
54,604,582 


:38,431,290 
20,040,662 
69,756,709 

"  39,37l',.368 
1.57,609.295 
72,716,377 
85,953,.544 
101,354.955 
75.483,541 
1:31  ,:388 .682 
43,186,640 
77.403,506 
182,417,491 
119,656,388 


18,876,698 

"79  643,481 
151,152,094 
357,814,3:34 
.204,661,666 
167,683,912 
359,713,718 

35,903,683 
100,658,488 

73,815,916 
164,662,426 

44,088,694 

23,863,443 


68,518,2.57 
39,564,614 
302,875,686 


19,562,725 


28,002,607 
2,730,277 


18,7-37,728 


NO.  95.— UNITED  KINGDOM. 


,879 346,485,881 

880 450,994.244 

881 477,450,619 

882 404,248,031 

883 420,433.473 

884 :382,717,159 

885 :394,925,935 

:886 -344.937.973 

.887 :363, 101,143 

1888 '  :3.58,338,790 

1889 I  379,990,1:31 

.890 444,459,009 

:891 441.599,807 

,892 493,957,868 

,893 414,966,094  ] 


3,343.558 
3,803,358 
3,684,459 
4,099,134 
4,990,701 


-348,828,439 
453.790,497 

481, 1. ■;.-..' a - 
408.:3.:  -^ 
435,  l-J. 

oSO,-:;-     ■■ 


18,038,423 

:jO,789,424 


■J7.:345.468 
30.7;:i3,749 
■30,695,433 


3,991,543  I  382,981.074  |    28,305,96:3 

3,4:36,653    447,895,663  30.(H6.069 

3,814,219    445.414,036  36.418.4:30 

5,:3-57.464  ]  499,-^5,-332  35.-367,178 

6,168,457    421,1:34,551  43,166,473 


89,900,-389 
179,824,270 
1. -.0,440,370 
lii!t,i)08,193 
If,], 298,179 
i::4,962,9(M) 
113,300,331 
136,908,580 
i:38,:3.^4,694 
147.'-'("-.'.,-r-.-^ 


120,;.:«. ',(),; 
i:39,b9)!,396 


108,-5-38 
310.613 
174.493, 
195.588. 
188,623. 
163.549, 
i:36.701. 
154.3.54, 
165.n67, 

r7'^97. 


—240,289.627' 
—243,182,803 
—306.641.340 
— 312.7.58,4(>:3 
—236.801,555 
-223,688,778 
-261,401,423 
—194,199,646 
—201.243.436 
-183,617,728 
-204,712,607 


.9.56  —261,400,706 
;,363  —250,690,764 
1,881  ;  —343,014,451 
1.769  !  -2-38,274.782 


234  DEMOCRATIC    CAMPAIGN    BOOK, 


STATISTICS  ON  WOOL. 

Extract  from  Speech  of  Hon.  Peter  J.  Somers,  of  Wiscon- 
sin, in  the  H.  of  R.,  August  13,  1894. 


SAVING  IN   THE  WOOL  AND   WOOLEN   SCHED0LE. 

By  the  adoption  of  this  bill  you  save  to  the  people  of  this  country  more  than  f  141,- 
000,000,  as  is  shown  by  the  statement  I  herewith  present,  made  by  the  deputy  appraiser 
of  the  port  of  New  York : 

A  statement  showing  the  amount  saved  to  the  consumer  by  the  adoption  of  tlie  Senate  bill  in  place 
of  the  McKinley  act,  Schedule  A',  wool  and  woolens,  prepared  by  J.  Schoenhof,  deputy  ap- 
praiser of  the  port  of  New  York. 

English  cloth  made  in  Leeds,  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  wool  and  cotton 
warp,  60  inches  wide,  Aveighing  113^  ounces  per  yard  :  Cost  per  yard  Is  M  less  5  and  5 
per  cent  discount,  27  cents  net  per  yard  : 

Cents. 

McKinley  duty  (38>-^  cents  per  pound  -;-  40  per  cent  per  yard) 39.80 

Senate  duty  (40  per  cent  per  yard) 10.80 

Saved  to  consumer 29.00 

The  samples  No.  1  to  No.  6  attached  to  the  respective  statements  represent  actual 

importations  made  in  the  current  year.    The  prices  are  the  actual  invoice  prices,  as 

passed  by  the  appraiser's'department  in  New  York. 
English  cloth,  wool  and  cotton  warp,  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  54  inches 

wide,  weight  13  ounces  per  yard  :  Cost  per  yard   l.*  23^<i.,  less  7  per  cent,  27  cents  net 

l)er  vard : 

Cents. 

McKinley  duty  (383^  cents  per  pound  --  40  per  cent  per  yard) 42.00 

Senate  duty  (40  per  cent  per  j^ard) 10.40 

Saved  to  consumer 31.60 

^English^overcoatings,  wool  and  cotton  warp,  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York. 
50  inches  wide,  weight  26  ounces  per  j-ard:  Price  Is.  9d.  net  per  yard  : 

Ceuts. 

McKisley  duty  (33  cents  per  pound -;- 40  per  cent  per  yard) .  70.45 

Senate   duty  (40  per  cent  per  yard) 16  80 

Saved  to  consumer 53.66 

Worsted  coating,  Bradford,  England,  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  57 
inches  wide,  weight  20  ounces:  Cost  2s.  9d.  per  yard,  less  7  per  cent..  62^  cents  per 
yard  : 

Cents. 

McKinley  duty  (44  ceuts  per  pound  -|-  50  per  cent  per  j-ard) 86}^ 

Senate  duty  (50  per  cent)  per  yard 3lK 

Saved  to  consumer 55 


!?TATISTICS    ON    WOOL  235 

French   cashmere,  imported  iuto  the  port  of   New  York,  45  inches  wide:  Cost  0.95 
francs  per  meter  net,  18  cents  per  yard  : 

Cents. 

McKinley  duty  (12  cents  per  square  yard  -  -  50  per  cent),  per  yard 24 

Senate   duty  fSO  per  cent),  per  yard "......• 9 

Saved  to  consumer 15 

French    dress  ojoods.   challies,   all  wool,  imported  into  the  port  of  New  York,  SO 
inches  wide,  weight  2}4  ounces  per  yard  :  Cost  per  yard,  20)^  cents  net : 

Cents. 

McKinley  duty  (12  cents  per  stiuare  yard  --  50  per  cent)  per  yard 20 

Senate  duty  (50  per  cent),  per  yard 10 

Saved  to  consumer 10 

Balance  sheet  shoving  the  amount  saved  to  the  consumer  by  the  adoption  of  thr  Senate 
bill  in  2>lace  of  the  McKinley  act. 

1892-'93.    Imports  of  manufactures  of  wool $36,993,000 

Duties 36,448,000 


Import  value,  duty  paid 73,441,000 

1889-'90.    Census  vear,  domestic  manufactures : 

Woolen  goods $133,577,000 

Worsted  goods 79,194,000 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods $67,241,000 

Deduct  cotton  hosierv 17,000,000  ' 

50,241,000 

Carpets 47,770,000 

310,782,000 

Value  of  domestic  manufactures 384,223,000 

Add  333^  per  cent  to  cover  wholesale  and  retail  profits 128,074,000 


Cost  of  wool  manufactures  to  consumers 512,297,000 

Cost  of  wool  manufactures  under  Senate  bill  on  same  amounts  : 

Importations f  36, 993, 000 

Duty,  45  per  cent 16,665.000 


53,658,000 
Value  of  domestic  manufactures,  $310,000,000,  re- 
duced from  an  average  of  100  per  cent  duty  to  45 
per  cent  rate  as  a  result  of  free  wool ' 224,525,000 


278,183,000 

Add  33X  per  cent  as  profits 92,728.000 

370,911,000 

Amount  saved  to  consumers  on  the  woolen  schedule  only 
under  Senate  bill 141,386,000 


IISTDEX:. 


Page. 

Appkopriations  akd  Expenditures 142 

Anti-Teust  Provisions  of  New  Taeipf 

Law 130 

Eysuji,  W.  D.  on  Civil  Service 195 

Carlisle,  Secret aey— 

Letter  on    Sugar.   Coal,   Iron  and 

Wire 131 

Chili— Haerison's  Bluster 155 

Chinese— 

Immigration  Restricted 16 

Treaty  of  1891 21 

Civil  Service  Ee"form  Sham. 

Speecli  W.  D.  Byuuni 195 

Speech  Geo.  W.  Cooper 199 

Cleveland,  Geovep., 

Letter  of  Accept  mci'  1S02 'JO.-i 

Letter  to  Wilson,  IHWi,  Tariff 2U 

Letter  to  Catcliings,  l'<-<4.  Tariff 218 

C'up.RENcy  Tables. 

Comparative  Circulation 229 

Paper  Currency  Outstanding 230 

CoiniKRciAL  Statistics— 

Population 231 

Debt  |)or  capita 231 

Interest  per  capita 231 

Net  ordinary  expenses  per  capita 231 

Net  ordinary  receipts  per  capita 231 

Pensions  per  capita 231 

Merchandise  imported  per  capita...  231 

Duty  collected  per  capita 231 

Average  ad  valorem  duty 231 

Exi)enses  collection 231 

Internal  Revenue 231 

Money  per  capita 231 

CoiUjValue  paper  money 231 

Ratio  silver  to  gold 231 

Price  of  silver 231 

Bullion  value  of  silver  dollar 231 

Coinage  ])er  capita 231 

Exi)ortsaud  Imports ^ 233' 

Couiumption  per  capita 232 


Page. 

X;!ooPEK,  Geo.  W.,  on  Civil  Seevice...  199 

DiPLOM.*.Tic  Relations. 

Samoau  Entanglement 153 

Chilian  embroglio 155 

Hawaiian  Islands 159 

DocKERY  Commission 150 

Economy  : 

In  Approprations  and  Expenditures  142 

In  Executive  Departments 150 

Executive  Departments,  Reorganiza- 
tion OF 150 

Expenditures — 

Cleveland's  first  administration 8 

Harrison's  administration 8 

Sayers'  speech 142 

Failures,  Statistics  1893  to  1894 fi 

Gold. 
Exports  Cleveland's  First  Admiuis- 

tration 9 

Exports  Harrison's  Administration  9 

Ratio  Gold  to  Silver  1795  to  1893 223 

Importations  1343  to  1892 224 

Exports  of,  1843  to  1892 224 

Production  of  the  world 227 

Production  of  the  United  States 226 

Hawaiian  Islands 159 

Immigration. 

Chinese,  Restriction  of 16 

Laws  Enforced 27 

Indian  Schools,  Non-Sectarian 1C5 

Income  Tax— 

Provisions  of  new  law 114 

McMillin's  Report 117 

Receipts  under  previous  acts 117 

Wikes'  Speech 119 

Statistics  of  Enormous  Incomes 121 

Labor, 

Contract,  Importation  of 12 

Day,  Made  Holiday  by  Democrats  ..  15 
A.*;     Affected     by    Tariffs,     Mills' 

Speech 133 

Millionaires  of  America 120 


INDEX. 


Page. 
Panics. 

Of  1873,  Statistics 6 

Of  1894,  Cause  of 7 

Not  by  Fear  of  Tariff  Reform 5 

Pensions. 

Leg-slationby  Democrats 170 

Cleveland's  record 171 

Appropriations 173 

Democratic  record 175 

Special  cases 183 

"Wholesale  frauds 184 

Reforms  in  office 186 

PiGOTT,  James  P.,  Populist  Recokd..  188 

Platfobm  Democbatic,  1892 202 

Populist  Record. 

Some  billion  dollar  bills 189 

Socialistic  bills 193 

Fifty  billions  required 194 

Saters,  .Jos.  D.— Appropriations  and 

Expenditures 142 

Schools,  Indian 165 

Silver  Statistics— 

Sherman  law 222 

Rates  of  gold  to  silver  1795  to  1893...  223 

Importations  1843  to  1892 224 

Exports  of  1843  to  1892 224 

Production  of,  in  the  world 227 

Average  price  of,  1874  to  1893 225 

Production  of,  in  United  States 226 

Coinage  per  capita 229 

Soldiers— Democrats  and  the 170 

SoMERS— Statistics  on  Wool 234 

State  taxation  of   bank  notes,  etc., 

authorized 221 

Sugar  , 
See  Tariff  Schedules. 

Carlisle's  Letter 131 

Republicans  and  the  Trust 127 

Sugar  Trust  Republicans— 

Republicans  Create  Trust 79 

Debate  and  Vote  in  Senate 79 

Surplus,   Spent  by  Republicans 10 

Tariff,   Comparis-ox   McKinley  Act, 

Wilson  Pill  and  New  Law 82 


!  Page 

Tablff   Reductions— Statement    by 
Groups— 

100  Per  Cent  and  Over 89 

75  to  100  Per  Cent 93 

50  to  75  Per  Cent 93 

j      25  to  50  Per  Cent 96 

Less  than  25  Per  Cent 106 

1  Tariff,  Saving  on  Woolen  Schedule.  234 

Taeeft— Comparison    of    Rates   Be- 
j       TWEEN  McKinley  act  .4.nd  new  law. 

Agiicult\iral  products 57 

Beverages 60 

!  Books 74 

j  Chemicals 30 

'  Coal  and  coke 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of 

Earths  and  earthenware 

I  Fish 


Flax  and  manufactures  of 

Glassware 

Hemp 

Metal  and  manufactures  of... 
Miscellaneous  manufactures. 
Oils 


Jute 

Leather  and  manufactiires  of 

Paints 

Paper 

Provisions 

Pulp 

Silk  and  silk  goods 

Spirits,  wines,  etc 

Sugar  and  molasses 

Sundries 

Tobacco  and  manufactures  of 

Wines,  spirits 

Wood  and  manufactures  of 

Wool  and  woolen  goods 

Taxes  on  Rich  Repealed  by  Repub- 
licans  

Trusts. 

Sugar,  Republicans  Favor 

Anti-Trust  Provisions  of  New  Law.. 

Wages:  Millb'^Statistics 

Wealth. 

Concentration  of 

Distribution'of 

Untaxing,  by  Republicans 


127 
130 


120 
123 
124 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below, 
or  on  the  date  to  which  renewed.  Renewals  only: 

Tel.  No.  642-3405 
Renewals  may  be  made  4  days  ijrior  to  date  due. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


IJUL    7  1973  6  » 

-2's®  .;u::2  3 

12^5P^i5'^     ■ 

■■■»«a    . 

DEC  22  •1977'*  2 

filS.  ClR.''t'    -1  '77 

FEB  0  5  1989 

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5in. 

■t'D^Omi     tefly    4   ?  m^ 

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LfD21A-20ni-3,'73 
(Q8677slO)476-A-31 

General  Library 
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Berkeley 

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